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2nd International conference on Applications of Optics and photonics

作者： Almeida, Telmo P. Drummond, Miguel v. Pavlovic, Natasa B. Andre, Paulo S. Nogueira, Rogerio N. Inst Telecommun Aveiro Portugal Univ Aveiro Dept Fis Aveiro Portugal Coriant GmbH Lisbon Portugal Inst Super Tecn Inst Telecommun Lisbon Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781628413618

Of all the non-linear fiber propagation models proposed over the years, the Gaussian Noise (GN) model is growing in popularity due to its simplicity and yet reliability when it comes to predict performance of uncompensated coherent transmission (UT) systems that rely on state-of-the art digital-signal processing (DSP) for dispersion compensation. However, many of the systems currently deployed rely on optical CD compensation. Overhauling or upgrading these systems with the most recent DSP is not always feasible. In this context, it is important to broad the range of the GNmodel to dispersion managed (DM) systems, so both scenarios can benefit from a low complexity, fast and reliable performance prediction tool. In this paper, we validate the first results comparing the performance in both accuracy and simulation time of the GN model simulating a realistic DM scenario that relies on periodical spans of non-dispersion shifted fiber (NDSF) to perform the dispersion compensation. The same realistic scenarios were modeled with commercial software and the GN model. The objective was to predict the optimal launch power for different link lengths, central wavelengths and channel spacing values. Preliminary results obtained with the GN model are in good agreement with the ones from the commercial software for several link distances tested up to 2400 Km.

关键词： Dispersion Managed Gaussian Noise Model

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Indus-2 X-ray lithography beamline for X-ray optics and material science applications

Indus-2 X-ray lithography beamline for X-ray optics and mate...

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58th DAE Solid State Physics Symposium

作者： Dhamgaye, v. P. Lodha, G. S. Raja Ramanna Ctr Adv Technol Ind Synchrotrons Utilisat Div Indore 452013 Madhya Pradesh India

ISBN: (纸本)9780735412255

X-ray lithography is an ideal technique by which high aspect ratio and high spatial resolution micro/nano structures are fabricated using X-rays from synchrotron radiation source. The technique has been used for fabricating optics (X-ray, visible and infrared), sensors and actuators, fluidics and photonics. A beamline for X-ray lithography is operational on Indus-2. The beamline offers wide lithographic window from 1-40kev photon energy and wide beam for producing microstructures in polymers upto size similar to 100mm x 100mm. X-ray exposures are possible in air, vacuum and He gas environment. The air based exposures enables the X-ray irradiation of resist for lithography and also irradiation of biological and liquid samples. This paper gives a brief introduction of X-ray lithography beamline, complimentary processing steps to realize micro structures, and various high aspect ratio structures fabricated for different applications. Using X-ray lithography beamline various refractive and diffractive synchrotron optics for micro/nano focusing are being developed for second and third generation synchrotron sources. X-ray refractive lenses are produced in X-ray sensitive resist PMMA (poly methylmethaacrylate) and high radiation and temperature resistance material SU-8. The performances of these lenses at various photon energies are evaluated at Indus-2 and Diamond Light Source. Few 3D structures are also produced using this beamline.

关键词： Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Lithography Micro Fabrication X-ray Optics X-ray lenses

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Backside illuminated wafer-to-wafer bonding single photon avalanche diode array

Backside illuminated wafer-to-wafer bonding single photon av...

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Ph.D. Research in microelectronics and Electronics (PRIME)

作者： Yu Zou Danilo Bronzi Federica villa Sascha Weyers Dipartimento di Elettronica Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy Fraunhofer IMS Duisburg Germany

We present an innovative sensor chip, exploiting backside illumination of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer integrating custom single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), flipped and wafer-bonded on a standard CMOS wafer integrating the analog front-end circuit, in-pixel digital processing and readout electronics. Two major improvements are achieved: higher pixel density and fill-factor, since these detectors are placed on the top of the corresponding smart-pixel electronics, instead of being placed side-by-side (as in planar structures); enhanced spectral sensitivity in the near-infrared, up to 1 μm wavelength, thanks to thicker active volume within the SOI detector wafer and to the backside illumination of the active area.

关键词： CMOS integrated circuits Arrays Bonding photonics Lighting Standards

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HIGH-RESOLUTION COMPUTATIONAL SPECTRAL IMAGING WITH photon SIEvES

HIGH-RESOLUTION COMPUTATIONAL SPECTRAL IMAGING WITH PHOTON S...

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IEEE International conference on Image processing

作者： Figen S. Oktem Farzad Kamalabadi Joseph M. Davila Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Heliophysics Division

ISBN: (纸本)9781479957521

photon sieves, modifications of Fresnel zone plates, are a new class of diffractive image forming devices that open up new possibilities for high resolution imaging and spectroscopy, especially at Uv and x-ray regime. In this paper, we develop a novel computational photon sieve imaging modality that enables high-resolution spectral imaging. For the spatially incoherent illumination, we study the problem of recovering the individual spectral images from the superimposed and blurred measurements of the proposed photon sieve system. This inverse problem, which can be viewed as a multi frame deconvolution problem involving multiple objects, is formulated as a maximum posterior estimation problem, and solved using a fixed-point algorithm. The performance of the proposed technique is illustrated for EUv spectral imaging through numerical simulations. The results suggest that higher spatial and spectral resolution can be achieved as compared to conventional spectral imagers.

关键词： photonics Imaging Image reconstruction Wavelength measurement Spatial resolution Optics

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5×5 SPAD matrices for the study of the trade-offs between fill factor, dark count rate and crosstalk in the design of CMOS image sensors

5×5 SPAD matrices for the study of the trade-offs between f...

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Ph.D. Research in microelectronics and Electronics (PRIME)

作者： Manuel Moreno-García Rocío del Río Óscar Guerra Ángel Rodríguez-vázquez Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla IMSE-CNM (CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla) Seville Spain

CMOS Single photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) are a dedicated type of photodetectors that are attracting increasing interest. Crosstalk and fill factor are magnitudes that become important when dealing with arrays of SPADs. There are trade-offs that involve these two magnitudes and dark count rate (DCR) which are of great interest for the implementation of image sensors. A set of 5×5 matrices of SPADs with different sizes and shapes is designed to study the relationships between FF, crosstalk and DCR, and conceive an accurate behavioural model of SPAD arrays. The testchip is fully operative and preliminary experimental results are presented.

关键词： photonics Crosstalk Shape CMOS integrated circuits Semiconductor device modeling Integrated circuit modeling Resistance

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Three-level photon echo for quasi-degenerated Levels

Three-level photon echo for quasi-degenerated Levels

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International conference on Laser Optics

作者： T Ahmadi S.A Pulkin v Sheftsov Department of general physics St. Petersburg state university St. Petersburg Russia

Quantum optical data storage is a key element in quantum information processing. However, most modified photon echoes protocols are still limited by lack of resonance signal to explain time scales of different systems. In this paper, we studied three-pulse photon-echo system by using density matrix in Λ-scheme.. It will be shown that the time position of three-pulse echo signals is proportional to ratio of detuning frequencies from the resonance frequencies of transitions in a non-uniform distribution. In the last part of paper, you can see the importance effect of frequency distance between two degenerate levels (d) on the delay time of signal.

关键词： photonics Nonhomogeneous media

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A CMOS 0.18μm 64×64 single photon image sensor with in-pixel 11b time-to-digital converter

A CMOS 0.18μm 64×64 single photon image sensor with in-pix...

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International conference on Semiconductor

作者： I. vornicu R. Carmona-Galán A. Rodríguez-vázquez Institute of Microelectronics of Seville (IMSE-CNM) CSIC-University of Seville Spain

The design and characterization of a CMOS 64×64 single-photon avalanche-diode (SPAD) array with in-pixel 11b time-to-digital converter (TDC) is presented. It is targeted for time-resolved imaging, in particular 3D imaging. The achieved pixel pitch is 64μm with a fill factor of 3.5%. The chip was fabricated in a 0.18μm standard CMOS technology and implements a double functionality: Time-of-Flight estimation and photon counting. The imager features a programmable time resolution for the array of TDCs from 625ps down to 145ps. The measured accuracy of the minimum time bin is lower than ±1LSB DNL and 1.7LSB INL. The TDC jitter over the full dynamic range is less than 1LSB. Die-to-die process variation and temperature are discarded by auto-calibration. Fast quenching/restore circuit on each pixel lowers the power consumption by limiting the avalanche currents. Time gatedoperation is possible as well.

关键词： Arrays photonics Three-dimensional displays Detectors CMOS integrated circuits Image sensors

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Progress Towards On-chip Single photon Sources Based on Colloidal Quantum Dots in Silicon Nitride Devices

Progress Towards On-chip Single Photon Sources Based on Coll...

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conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

作者： Suzanne Bisschop Yunpeng Zhu Weiqiang Xie Antoine Guille Zeger Hens Dries van Thourhout Edouard Brainis INTEC Department Ghent Universitv-IMEC Ghent Belgium Certer for Nano and Biophotonics (NB Photonics) Ghent University Ghent Belgium Universiteit Gent Gent BE

New results on integration of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) into SiN microstructures are reported, including QD positioning with nanometric accuracy and the efficient coupling of their emission to waveguides and caviti... 详细信息

关键词： photonics Cavity resonators Optical device fabrication Quantum computing Couplings Optical fibers

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GPU formulated MLEM Joint Estimation of Emission Activity and photon Attenuation in Positron Emission Tomography

GPU formulated MLEM Joint Estimation of Emission Activity an...

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IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium

作者： Alexander Mihlin Craig S. Levin Departments of Electrical Engineering and Radiology Stanford University Departments of Radiology Electrical Engineering Physics and Bioengineering Stanford University

ISBN: (纸本)9781479960989

We present image reconstruction results for Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization (MLEM) based joint emission activity distribution- and photon attenuation map estimation from Positron Emission Tomography (PET) data. To our knowledge this is the first MLEM method for such joint estimation in PET. While the proposed MLEM method applies to a family of statistical data acquisition models, we propose a specific model which is appropriate for efficient Graphics processing Unit (GPU) based implementation. The PET data was generated using a simulated two dimensional 64×64 pixel XCAT thorax phantom, and the joint emission activity- and photon attenuation root mean square reconstruction errors were 3.6% and 1.1% respectively. The typical reconstruction errors had negligible global influence on the quality and accuracy of the reconstructed images.

关键词： Attenuation Image reconstruction Positron emission tomography photonics Data models Data acquisition Graphics processing units

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XvIII International Youth Scientific School 'Coherent Optics and Optical Spectroscopy'

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Journal of Physics: conference Series 2015年第1期613卷

作者： M Kh Salakhov v v Samartsev R Kh Gainutdinov

Kazan Federal University has held the annual International Youth School 'Coherent Optics and Optical Spectroscopy' since 1997. The choice of the topic is not accidental. Kazan is the home of photon echo which was predicted at Kazan Physical-Technical Institute in 1963 by Prof. U.G. Kopvil'em and v.R. Nagibarov and observed in Columbia University by N.A. Kurnit, I.D. Abella, and S.R. Hartmann in 1964. Since then, photon echo has become a powerful tool of coherent optical spectroscopy and optical information processing, which have been developed here in Kazan in close collaboration between Kazan Physical-Technical Institute and Kazan Federal University. The main subjects of the XvIII International Youth School are: Nonlinear and coherent optics; Atomic and molecular spectroscopy; Coherent laser spectroscopy; Problems of quantum optics; Quantum theory of radiation; and Nanophotonics and Scanning Probe Microscopy. The unchallenged organizers of that school are Kazan Federal University and Kazan E.K. Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute. The rector of the School is Professor Myakzyum Salakhov, and the vice-rector is Professor vitaly Samartsev. The International Youth Scientific School 'Coherent Optics and Optical Spectroscopy' follows the global pattern of comprehensive studies of matter properties and their interaction with electromagnetic fields. Since 1997 more than 100 famous scientists from the USA, Germany, Ukraine, Belarus and Russia have given plenary lecture presentations. Here over 1000 young scientists had an opportunity to participate in lively discussions about the latest scientific news. Many young people have submitted interesting reports on photonics, quantum electronics, laser physics, quantum optics, traditional optical and laser spectroscopy, non-linear optics, material science and nanotechnology. Here we are publishing the fullsize papers prepared from the most interesting lectures and reports selected by the Program Committee of the School. The Inte

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