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Realization of multifunctional optical devices based on valley topological photonic crystals with triangular lattice

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OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS 2025年 579卷

作者： Gao, Yong-Feng Sun, Ming-Yang Yao, Tian-Hao Li, Sheng-Yi Zhou, Shu-Yang Yang, Ming Hou, Qi-Chao Jiangsu Univ Sch Mech Engn Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Shandong Univ State Key Lab Crystal Mat Jinan 250100 Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Adv Opt Commun Syst & Networks Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Hunan Univ Coll Mech & Vehicle Engn Natl Engn Res Ctr High Efficiency Grinding Changsha 410082 Peoples R China

The emergence of valley Hall topological photonic crystals (VPCs) has driven advancements in the field of optical applications such as optical communication and optical computing. In this work, we propose valley photonic crystals with triangular lattice composed of silicon rods to achieve topological edge states (TESs) and topological corner states (TCSs), and investigate the influence of two different domain interfaces of bearded-shaped and zigzag-shaped between two VPCs with opposite valley Chern numbers on TESs and TCSs. TESs and TCSs obtained from different interfaces have different frequencies and the robustness of them to defects is demonstrated. A rhomboidal hybrid structure with various valley interfaces is designed to achieve the functions of frequency division, beam splitting and three-channel photonic router based on TESs. In addition, a rhomboidal hybrid VPC waveguide-cavity coupling system is proposed, which comprises a Y-shaped air waveguide and two triangular box-shaped cavities with different domain interfaces. Both 'AND gate' and 'OR gate' logic gate functionalities can be achieved in the same structure corresponding to different frequency ranges by the coupling of air waveguides and box-shaped cavities utilizing the strong localization of corner states. This work provides a new approach for integrated devices, particularly in the fields of integrated circuits and integrated photonic devices, based on triangular photonic crystals.

关键词： Triangular valley photonic crystals Topological edge and corner states Frequency dividers Light routers Logic gates

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WI-SNSPD: Enabling Quantum through Scalable and Cost-Effective Detector Solutions 29

WI-SNSPD: Enabling Quantum through Scalable and Cost-Effecti...

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29th conference on Integrated Optics - devices materials and Technologies

作者： Nenbangkaeo, Chaiyasit Hartmann, Wladick Pixel Photon GmbH Heisenbergstr 11 D-48149 Munster Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510684867;9781510684874

Waveguide-Integrated Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors (WI-SNSPDs) represent a transformative advancement in single-photon detection technology, combining the exceptional sensitivity of traditional SNSPDs with the scalability and integration potential of photonic integrated circuits (PICs). This integration eliminates the need for optical cavities, significantly broadens spectral bandwidth, and reduces optical losses, enabling compact, high-throughput systems. SNSPDs achieve peak system detection efficiencies exceeding 99%, timing jitter as low as 3 ps, and ultra-low dark count rates below 0.1 mHz. In combination with photonic integration these features make WI-SNSPDs ideal for time-sensitive quantum applications such as quantum key distribution (QKD) and photonic quantum computing. Key challenge for a high system detection efficiency ( SDE) of WI-SNSPDs is the coupling of light to the photonic circuit. Recent advancements in direct laser written (DLW) spot size converters show very high potential, achieving coupling efficiencies exceeding 83% (up to 95% in simulation) with exceptional reproducibility potentially enabling very high system detection efficiencies (SDE). WI-SNSPDs also support transformative applications in imaging and microscopy, enabling high-resolution, non-invasive deep-tissue imaging with minimal optical noise due to their potential for multi-mode and extreme broadband sensitivity. Pixel photonics' industrial roadmap focuses on the scalability of WI-SNSPDs through wafer-scale production and seamless integration with PICs, supporting the development of co-integrated systems that combine detectors with photonic quantum processors. This integration eliminates fiber-chip links, paving the way for compact and scalable quantum computing architectures. Additionally, WI-SNSPDs facilitate the creation of quantum links in large-scale quantum networks by enabling efficient photon entanglement distribution. These advancements position WI-SNSPDs

关键词： Waveguide-Integrated SNSPDs Quantum Key Distribution Quantum computing Quantum Networks photonic Integrated Circuits 3D TIR Coupler Technology DLW Scalable photonic systems Single-Photon Detection

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Programmable phase change materials and silicon photonics co-integration for photonic memory applications: a systematic study

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JOURNAL OF OPTICAL MICROsystems 2024年第3期4卷

作者： Shafiee, Amin Charbonnier, Benoit Yao, Jie Pasricha, Sudeep Nikdast, Mahdi Colorado State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Ft Collins CO 80523 USA Univ Grenoble Alpes CEA Leti Grenoble France Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Mat Sci & Engn Berkeley CA USA

The integration of phase change materials (PCMs) with photonic devices creates a unique opportunity for realizing application-specific, reconfigurable, and energy-efficient photonic components with zero static power consumption and low thermal crosstalk. In particular, photonic waveguides based on silicon or silicon nitride can be integrated with PCMs to realize nonvolatile photonic memory cells, which are able to store data in the phase state of the PCMs. We delve into the performance comparison of PCM-based programmable photonic memory cells based on silicon photonic and silicon nitride platforms using known PCMs (GST and GSST) for photonic memory applications while showcasing the fundamental limitations related to each design in terms of the maximum number of bits that they can store as well as their optical insertion loss. Moreover, we present comprehensive design-space exploration for analyzing the energy efficiency and cooling time of the photonic memory cells depending on the structure of the heat source. The results show that the silicon-based strip waveguide integrated with GST is the best option to realize a photonic memory cell with the highest bit density (up to 4-bits per cell given 6% spacing between the optical transmission levels). In addition, considering a microheater integration on top of a waveguide on which PCM is deposited, multi-physics simulation results show that as the heat source is placed above the PCM with a gap of 200 nm, the photonic memory cell tends to become more energy-efficient, and the cooling time of the PCM (for set and reset) becomes significantly shorter than the case where the heat source is placed further from the PCM.

关键词： phase change materials silicon photonics photonic memory photonic computing systems

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Piezoelectric actuation for integrated photonics

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ADVANCES IN OPTICS AND photonicS 2024年第4期16卷 749-867页

作者： Tian, Hao Liu, Junqiu Attanasio, Alaina Siddharth, Anat Blesin, Terence Wang, Ruining Voloshin, Andrey Lihachev, Grigory Riemensberger, Johann Kenning, Scott e. Tian, Yu Chang, Tzu han Bancora, Andrea Snigirev, Viacheslav Shadymov, Vladimir Kippenberg, Tobias j. Bhave, Sunil a. Purdue Univ OxideMEMS Lab W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Int Quantum Acad Shenzhen 518048 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei Natl Lab Hefei 230026 Peoples R China Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne EPFL Inst Phys CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

Recent decades have seen significant advancements in integrated photonics, driven by improvements in nanofabrication technology. This field has been developed from integrated semiconductor lasers and low-loss waveguides to optical modulators, enabling the creation of sophisticated optical systems on a chip-scale capable of performing complex functions such as optical sensing, signal processing, and metrology. The tight confinement of optical modes in photonic waveguides further enhances the optical nonlinearity, leading to a variety of nonlinear optical phenomena such as optical frequency combs, second-harmonic generation, and supercontinuum generation. Active tuning of photonic circuits not only is crucial for offsetting variations caused by fabrication in large-scale integration but also serves as a fundamental component in programmable photonic circuits. Piezoelectric actuation in photonic devices offers a low-power, high-speed solution and is essential in the design of future photonic circuits due to its compatibility with materials such as Si and Si3N4, which do not exhibit electro-optic effects. Here, we provide a detailed review of the latest developments in piezoelectric tuning and modulation by examining various piezoelectric materials, actuator designs tailored to specific applications, and the capabilities and limitations of current technologies. In addition, we explore the extensive applications enabled by piezoelectric actuators, including tunable lasers, frequency combs, quantum transducers, and optical isolators. These innovative ways of managing photon propagation and frequency on-chip are expected to be highly sought after in the future advancements of advanced photonic chips for both classical and quantum optical information processing and computing. (c) 2024 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.

关键词： Effective refractive index Frequency combs Optical modulators photonic quantum computing Second harmonic generation Supercontinuum generation

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Programmable Integrated photonics with Phase-Change materials 1

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25th European conference on Integrated Optics (ECIO)

作者： Acharjee, Niloy Ocampo, Carlos A. Rios Univ Maryland College Pk MD 20742 USA

ISBN: (数字)9783031633782

ISBN: (纸本)9783031633805;9783031633782;9783031633775

Phase-change materials (PCMs) have emerged as a promising platform for nonvolatile light modulation. The reversible switching between their stable amorphous and crystalline states leads to an impressive refractive index contrast (Delta n, Delta k similar to 1-3). Integrated photonics has benefited from the progress of PCMs such as Sb2Se3 and Ge2Sb2Te5 for ultra-compact phase and amplitude modulators using all-optical and electro-thermal approaches. These devices allowsmall-formfactor silicon photonics with zero-static power yet reconfigurability, which are crucial properties in applications such as in-memory computing, optical synapses, switches, trimming, etc. Here, we review the various switching mechanisms and integration methods of PCMs in integrated photonic platforms.

关键词： phase change materials photonic integrated circuits photonic materials

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Synergizing supramolecular chemistry and reverse saturable absorption: Exploring pillararene with metal-complexed ligands 26

Synergizing supramolecular chemistry and reverse saturable a...

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conference on Organic photonic materials and devices XXVI

作者： Kosgei, Gilbert K. Fernando, P. U. Ashvin Iresh McAlexander, Harley R. Chapple, Emilie O'Donnell, Ryan M. US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr Environm Lab Vicksburg MS 39183 USA SIMETRI Inc Winter Pk FL USA Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ Oak Ridge TN USA Belhaven Univ Jackson MS USA DEVCOM ARL Adelphi MD USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510670273;9781510670266

This research focuses on integrating supramolecular chemistry and reverse saturable absorption (RSA) principles, focusing on combining pillar[5]arene frameworks with metal-complexed ligands. By delving into these systems' theoretical underpinnings and potential applications, we shed light on the synergistic effects that may arise from this innovative approach. We envision promising advancements in photonic and electronic materials by combining the unique structural properties of pillar[5]arenes with the RSA properties of metal-complexed ligands. Although specific proprietary details are not discussed, this work may pave the way for further exploration in this exciting and interdisciplinary field.

关键词： supramolecular chemistry reverse saturable absorption photonic materials ligands

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Enabling space-qualified opto-electronic systems through photonic wirebonding 17

Enabling space-qualified opto-electronic systems through pho...

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conference on Sensors and systems for Space applications XVII

作者： Sherman, Jes Rosborough, Victoria Gans, Ruby Ramirez, Juan Kebort, Don Sitwell, Geoffrey Musolf, Juergen Garrett, Henry Liu, Tom McEwen, Caleb Cooper, Trevor Nehrir, Amin Morrison, Gordon Johansson, Leif Mashanovitch, Milan Freedom Photon 41 Aero Camino Santa Barbara CA 93110 USA NASA Langley Res Ctr 4 South Marvin St Hampton VA 23681 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510674431;9781510674424

applications such as LIDAR, ranging/ sensing, and optical communications all require photonic components, such as sources, detectors, and modulators, to be integrated into a single system. For spaceborne applications, SWaP (size, weight and power) is a key consideration: a monolithic indium phosphide (InP) photonic integrated circuit (PIC) can integrate many components onto a chip with a footprint of a few square mm. photonic wirebonding (PWB) enables seamless integration of best-in-class optical devices from disparate materials. Connecting and mode-matching different photonic components enables versatility and functionality unachievable by other methods, facilitating co-packaging. PICs and PWBs do not yet have spaceflight heritage: demonstrating increased technology readiness level (TRL) is a key step toward use in orbital and spaceborne missions. Freedom photonics presents our first hermetic photonic wirebonded PIC package, alongside recent environmental testing results demonstrating that our PIC and PWB technologies are suitable for the harsh conditions of launch and spaceflight: shock, vibration, radiation, and temperature cycling.

关键词： photonics space packaging photonic wirebonding lasers tunable lasers

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Tin Oxide Nanorod Array-Based photonic Memristors with Multilevel Resistance States Driven by Optoelectronic Stimuli

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ACS APPLIED materials & INTERFACES 2023年第12期15卷 15676-15690页

作者： Swathi, S. P. Makkaramkott, Athira Subramanian, Angappane Ctr Nano & Soft Matter Sci CeNS Bangalore 562162 India Manipal Acad Higher Educ MAHE Manipal 576104 India

One-dimensional (1D) metal oxide-based photonic memristors, combining information storage and optical response, have shown great potential for the design and development of high-density and high-efficient computing systems beyond the era of von-Neumann architecture and Moore's law. Here, the functional memristive devices based on SnOx slanted nanorod arrays are demonstrated;wherein both the optical and electrical stimuli have been used to modulate the switching characteristics to achieve multilevel cell operations. The switching characteristics of Al/SnOx/FTO devices include low operating voltages (0.7 V/-0.6 V), moderate ON/OFF ratio (>10), and longer endurance (>102 cycles) and retention (>103 s) with a self-compliance effect in the dark. Under illumination, ranging from ultraviolet (254 and 365 nm) to visible light (405 and 533 nm), an unusual negative photo response with an enlarged ON/OFF ratio of >107 and a faster response time of <8 ms is observed. Additionally, multiple low and high resistance states have been achieved by modulating the programming current and the optical stimulus, respectively. The optoelectronic resistive memory behavior is attributed to the electric field-induced formation and light-stimulated dissolution of oxygen vacancies. Comprehensively, the results suggest that the optical illumination reduces the oxygen ion migration barrier, leading to the dissolution of conductive filaments and thereby locally increasing the OFF state resistance. The fabricated photonic memristors demonstrate the potential applications of metal oxide-based 1D nanostructures for artificial visual memory and optoelectronic applications.

关键词： optoelectronic memristors SnOx nanorod arrays negative photoconductivity multilevel resistance states functional memories

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Energy Estimates Across Layers of computing: from devices to Large-Scale applications in Machine Learning for Natural Language Processing, Scientific computing, and Cryptocurrency Mining

Energy Estimates Across Layers of Computing: From Devices to...

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IEEE High Performance Extreme computing Virtual conference (HPEC)

作者： Shankar, Sadasivan SLAC Natl Lab Menlo Pk CA 94025 USA Stanford Univ Mat Sci & Engn Stanford CA 94305 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350308600

Estimates of energy usage in layers of computing from devices to algorithms have been determined and analyzed. Building on the previous analysis [3], energy needed from single devices and systems including three large-scale computing applications such as Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning for Natural Language Processing, Scientific Simulations, and Cryptocurrency Mining have been estimated. In contrast to the bit-level switching, in which transistors achieved energy efficiency due to geometrical scaling, higher energy is expended both at the at the instructions and simulations levels of an application. Additionally, the analysis based on AI/ML Accelerators indicate that changes in architectures using an older semiconductor technology node have comparable energy efficiency with a different architecture using a newer technology. Further comparisons of the energy in computing systems with the thermodynamic and biological limits, indicate that there is a 27-36 orders of magnitude higher energy requirements for total simulation of an application. These energy estimates underscore the need for serious considerations of energy efficiency in computing by including energy as a design parameter, enabling growing needs of compute-intensive applications in a digital world.

关键词： Moore's law from Bits to Architectures and applications Energy per Instruction Energy per Bit Instructions per Second Specialized Architectures Energy for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Natural Language Processing ChatGPT Energy for High Performance Scientific Computations Energy for Crypto coin mining Bitcoin Thermodynamical Limit Biological Limit ATP Sustainable computing Energy as a design parameter

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Lanthanide-based logic: a venture for the future of molecular computing

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CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS 2023年第51期59卷 7863-7874页

作者： Zanella, Sofia Hernandez-Rodriguez, Miguel A. Ferreira, Rute A. S. Brites, Carlos D. S. Univ Aveiro CICECO Aveiro Inst Mat Dept Phys Phantom g P-3810193 Aveiro Portugal

Managing the continuous and fast-growing volume of information, the progress in the Internet-of-Things, and the evolution from digitalization to networking are huge technological chores. Si-based integrated chips face increasing demands as they strive to meet these challenges. However, there is growing recognition that information processing and computing based on molecules performing logic operations may play a decisive role in shaping the future of the computer industry. Molecular logic gates are molecular counterparts of electronic devices that, instead of exclusively by electrical signals, can be stimulated by diverse chemical or physical input signals that produce optical outputs according to a well-defined logical transfer function. Several materials have been applied for molecular logic, however, the Ln(3+)-based ones appear to be a commendable choice, as they can respond to both chemical and physical stimuli, presenting unique photophysical properties that make them quite popular for photonics applications. Here we critically review illustrative molecular logic systems based on Ln(3+) ions and discuss their potential for integration in future molecular photonic-electronic hybrid logic computing systems.

关键词： Computer circuits

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