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conference on Biophotonics - photonic Solutions for Better Health Care IV

作者： Bruschini, Claudio Charbon, Edoardo Veerappan, Chockalingam Braga, Leo H. C. Massari, Nicola Perenzoni, Matteo Gasparini, Leonardo Stoppa, David Walker, Richard Erdogan, Ahmet Henderson, Robert K. East, Steve Grant, Lindsay Jatekos, Balazs Ujhelyi, Ferenc Erdei, Gabor Loerincz, Emoeke Andre, Luc Maingault, Laurent Jacolin, David Verger, L. d'Aillon, Eric Gros Major, Peter Papp, Zoltan Nemeth, Gabor Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Delft Univ Technol NL-2600 AA Delft Netherlands FBK Trento Italy Univ Edinburgh Edinburgh EH8 9YL Midlothian Scotland STMicroelectron R&D Ltd Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland Budapest Univ Technol & Econ BME Budapest Hungary CEA LETI Grenoble France Mediso Med Imaging Syst Ltd Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9781628410778

The SPADnet FP7 European project is aimed at a new generation of fully digital, scalable and networked photonic components to enable large area image sensors, with primary target gamma-ray and coincidence detection in (Time-of-Flight) Positron Emission Tomography (PET). SPADnet relies on standard CMOS technology, therefore allowing for MRI compatibility. SPADnet innovates in several areas of PET systems, from optical coupling to single-photon sensor architectures, from intelligent ring networks to reconstruction algorithms. It is built around a natively digital, intelligent SPAD (Single-Photon Avalanche Diode)-based sensor device which comprises an array of 8x16 pixels, each composed of 4 mini-SiPMs with in situ time-to-digital conversion, a multi-ring network to filter, carry, and process data produced by the sensors at 2Gbps, and a 130nm CMOS process enabling mass-production of photonic modules that are optically interfaced to scintillator crystals. A few tens of sensor devices are tightly abutted on a single PCB to form a so-called sensor tile, thanks to TSV (Through Silicon Via) connections to their backside (replacing conventional wire bonding). The sensor tile is in turn interfaced to an FPGA-based PCB on its back. The resulting photonic module acts as an autonomous sensing and computing unit, individually detecting gamma photons as well as thermal and Compton events. It determines in real time basic information for each scintillation event, such as exact time of arrival, position and energy, and communicates it to its peers in the field of view. Coincidence detection does therefore occur directly in the ring itself, in a differed and distributed manner to ensure scalability. The selected true coincidence events are then collected by a snooper module, from which they are transferred to an external reconstruction computer using Gigabit Ethernet. We will detail the SPADnet core technologies as well as the latest project achievements in all project areas.

关键词： Digital PET Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) CMOS Networking TSV

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Membrane hybrid optical devices and related technologies toward on-Si photonic integrated circuits

Membrane hybrid optical devices and related technologies tow...

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Indium Phosphide and Related Materials conference

作者： Nobuhiko Nishiyama Shigehisa Arai Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Quantum Nanoelectronics Research Center Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan

Toward realization of on-chip photonic integrated circuits on LSI for high performance computing, membrane iii-V optical devices on Si using BCB bonding have been proposed. Strong optical confinement due to high index contrast between the core and cladding layers gives low threshold and high efficiency operation of lasers. Using a lateral current injection structure, RT-CW operation was demonstrated. The structure could be applied for other optical devices such as waveguide-type photodetectors and wire waveguides.

关键词： Optical waveguides Silicon Substrates Waveguide lasers Optical devices Semiconductor lasers Photodetectors

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Breast Deformation Modelling: Comparison of Methods to Obtain a Patient Specific Unloaded Configuration

Breast Deformation Modelling: Comparison of Methods to Obtai...

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conference on Medical Imaging - Image-Guided Procedures, Robotic Interventions, and Modeling

作者： Eiben, Bjorn Vavourakis, Vasileios Hipwell, John H. Kabus, Sven Lorenz, Cristian Buelow, Thomas Hawkes, David J. UCL Ctr Med Image Computing Gower St London England Philips Res Hamburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819498298

In biomechanical simulations of the human breast, the analysed geometry is often reconstructed from in vivo medical imaging procedures. For example in dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, the acquired geometry of the patient's breast when lying in the prone position represents a deformed configuration that is pre-stressed by typical in vivo conditions and gravity. Thus, physically realistic simulations require consideration of this loading and, hence, establishing the undeformed configuration is an important task for accurate and reliable biomechanical modelling of the breast. We compare three different numerical approaches to recover the unloaded configuration from the loaded geometry given patient-specific biomechanical models built from prone and supine MR images. The algorithms compared are: (i) the simple inversion of gravity without the consideration of pre-stresses, (ii) an inverse finite deformation approach and (iii) a fixed point type iterative approach which uses only forward simulations. It is shown that the iterative and the inverse approach produce similar zero-gravity estimates, whereas the simple inversion of gravity is only appropriate for small or highly constrained deformations.

关键词： Biomechanical modelling unloaded state iterative fixed-point algorithm inverse design

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Parallel simulations of optical communication systems

Parallel simulations of optical communication systems

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International conference on Transparent Optical Networks

作者： Nikolay Karelin Gena Shkred Alexander Simonov Sergei Mingaleev Igor Koltchanov André Richter VPI Development Center Minsk Belarus VPI Development Center Chapaeva str. 5-111 220034 Minsk Belarus VPlphotonics GmbH Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479956029

Sophisticated numerical simulations represent an indispensable tool for developing new optical communication systems and solutions. With wider availability of parallel computing hardware (most notably, multi-core CPUs and GPUs) it becomes increasingly important to effectively parallelize simulation algorithms. In this paper, we review the main principles and common pitfalls of parallel simulations for optical systems and components. The addressed topics include signal propagation in fibers, fiber gratings, active and passive semiconductor components, parallel simulations of transmission systems and photonic integrated circuits represented by networks of modules, as well as general-purpose optimization tasks.

关键词： Computational modeling Optical fiber communication Integrated circuit modeling Central Processing Unit Multicore processing Optical fiber devices Optimization

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DSP architecture with folded tree for power constraint devices

DSP architecture with folded tree for power constraint devic...

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International conference on Advanced computing, ICAC

作者： K. Ranjithkumar TRV. Anandharajan Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Velammal Institute of Technology Chennai Velammal Institute of Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu IN

Energy consumption in Digital Signal Processing (DSP) application is a vital parameter of consideration. Mostly DSP applications deplete power. Battery constraint is important in many mobiles, processors, and sensor-related devices. The major critical operations in DSP architecture are multiplication and addition. Multiplication process is performed using repetitive addition. Hence, adder is the basic component used in digital signal processor. DSP architecture is proposed with the energy-efficient goal. Traditional carry select adder contains ripple carry adder block is replaced by parallel prefix adder. By replacing that block and introducing folded tree, we can reduce power used by DSP processors. This architecture can be used in all power constrained DSP applications. In the existing system, folded tree is used in architecture to reduce the number of processing elements, and they used carry look-ahead adder to perform the internal processing element operations. In the proposed system, carry look-ahead adder is replaced by LFA and PA to harness the energy depleted in an application (e.g., DSP application). Power consumption is reduced by 12-15% as compared with the existing algorithms using Cyclone iii (EP3C16F484C6).

关键词： Adders Digital signal processing Program processors Wireless sensor networks Wires Logic gates Mobile communication

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A declarative approach to distributed computing: Specification, execution and analysis

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THEORY AND PRACTICE OF LOGIC PROGRAMMING 2013年第4-5期13卷 815-830页

作者： Ma, Jiefei Le, Franck Wood, David Russo, Alessandra Lobo, Jorge Imperial Coll London London England IBM Corp Waston Lab Armonk NY 10504 USA ICREA Univ Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain

There is an increasing interest in using logic programming to specify and implement distributed algorithms, including a variety of network applications. These are applications where data and computation are distributed among several devices and where, in principle, all the devices can exchange data and share the computational results of the group. In this paper we propose a declarative approach to distributed computing whereby distributed algorithms and communication models can be (i) specified as action theories of fluents and actions;(ii) executed as collections of distributed state machines, where devices are abstracted as (input/output) automata that can exchange messages;and (iii) analysed using existing results on connecting causal theories and Answer Set Programming. Results on the application of our approach to different classes of network protocols are also presented.

关键词： action theory answer set programming network protocols distributed computing

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Full-vectorial FDTD method for the dispersion characterization of nonlinear PhC fibers

Full-vectorial FDTD method for the dispersion characterizati...

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conference on photonic Fiber and Crystal devices - Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications VII

作者： Guryev, Igor Sukhoivanov, Igor Andrade Lucio, Jose Amparo Vargas Rodriguez, Everardo Claudio Gonzalez, David Mata Chavez, Ruth Ivonne Shulika, Oleksiy Univ Guanajuato Div Engn Guanajuato Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496973

In the work, we have presented the technique based on the FDTD method for the dispersion computation of a single-mode fiber with an arbitrary refractive index pro le. In contrast to other numerical methods the FDTD allows studying the beam propagation along the fiber taking into account material dispersion and the nonlinearity. Particularly, we have concentrated attention on the method details that allowed us to reduce dramatically the computation time and achieve the accuracy close to the one provided by the finite elements method

关键词： Finite-difference time-domain method Finite element methods Dispersion MATLAB Error analysis Matrices Genetic algorithms Numerical analysis Parallel computing Refractive index

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A declarative approach to distributed computing: Specification, execution and analysis

A declarative approach to distributed computing: Specificati...

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29th International conference on Logic Programming ICLP

作者： Ma, Jiefei Le, Franck Wood, David Russo, Alessandra Lobo, Jorge Imperial Coll London London England IBM Corp Waston Lab Armonk NY 10504 USA ICREA Univ Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain

关键词： action theory answer set programming network protocols distributed computing

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Emergent Technologies, 25 Years

Emergent Technologies, 25 Years

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conference on Human Vision and Electronic Imaging XViii

作者： Rising, Hawley K., iii 3294 Desertwood Lane San Jose CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819494245

This paper will talk about the technologies that have been emerging over the 25 years since the Human Vision and Electronic Imaging conference began that the conference has been a part of, and that have been a part of the conference, and will look at those technologies that are emerging today, such as social networks, haptic technologies, and still emerging imaging technologies, and what we might look at for the ***-five years is a long time, and it is not without difficulty that we remember what was emerging in the late 1980s. Yet to be developed: The first commercial digital still camera was not yet on the market, although there were hand held electronic cameras. Personal computers were not displaying standardized images, and image quality was not something that could be talked about in a standardized fashion, if only because image compression algorithms were not standardized yet for several years hence. Even further away were any standards for movie compression standards, there was no personal computer even on the horizon which could display them. What became an emergent technology and filled many sessions later, image comparison and search, was not possible, nor the current emerging technology of social networks- the world wide web was still several years away. Printer technology was still devising dithers and image size manipulations which would consume many years, as would scanning technology, and image quality for both was a major issue for dithers and Fourier *** these humble beginnings to the current moves that are changing computing and the meaning of both electronic devices and human interaction with them, we will see a course through the changing technology that holds some features constant for many years, while others come and go.

关键词： Standards development Human vision and color perception Social networks Video Virtual reality Web 2.0 technologies Visualization Printing Video compression

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Application of a Cognitive-Inspired Algorithm for Detecting Communities in Mobility Networks

Application of a Cognitive-Inspired Algorithm for Detecting ...

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International conference on Cloud and Green computing (CGC)

作者： Emanuele Massaro Andrea Guazzini Lorenzo Valerio Andrea Passerella Franco Bagnoli Center for the Study of Complex Systems University of Florence Italy Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Florence and INFN Italy Inst. for Inf. & Telematics Pisa Italy

The emergence and the global adaptation of mobile devices has influenced human interactions at the individual, community, and social levels leading to the so called Cyber-Physical World (CPW) convergence scenario [1]. One of the most important features of CPW is the possibility of exploiting information about the structure of the social communities of users, revealed by joint movement patterns and frequency of physical co-location. Mobile devices of users that belong to the same social community are likely to "see" each other (and thus be able to communicate through ad-hoc networking techniques) more frequently and regularly than devices outside the community. In mobile opportunistic networks, this fact can be exploited, for example, to optimize networking operations such as forwarding and dissemination of messages. In this paper we present the application of a cognitive-inspired algorithm [2, 3, 4] for revealing the structure of these dynamic social networks (simulated by the HCMM model [5]) using information about physical encounters logged by the users' mobile devices. The main features of our algorithm are: (i) the capacity of detecting social communities induced by physical co-location of users through distributed algorithms, (ii) the capacity to detect users belonging to more communities (thus acting as bridges across them), and (iii) the capacity to detect the time evolution of communities.

关键词： Communities Mobile handsets Heuristic algorithms Peer-to-peer computing Clustering algorithms Entropy Psychology

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