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On statistical multiplexing of variable-bit-rate video streams in mobile systems 09

On statistical multiplexing of variable-bit-rate video strea...

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17th ACM International conference on Multimedia, MM'09, with Co-located Workshops and Symposiums

作者： Hsu, Cheng-Hsin Hefeeda, Mohamed School of Computing Science Simon Fraser University Surrey BC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781605586083

We consider the problem of broadcasting multiple variable-bit-rate (VBR) video streams from a base station to many mobile devices over a wireless network, so that: (i) perceived quality on mobile devices is maximized, (ii) bandwidth utilization is maximized, and (iii) energy consumption of mobile devices is minimized. We show that this problem is NP-Complete. We propose an approximation algorithm for the base station to statistically multiplex and transmit multiple VBR streams to achieve these objectives. We analytically analyze the performance of our algorithm and prove that it achieves optimal bandwidth utilization and near-optimal energy saving. Our algorithm frees network operators from the manual and error-prone bandwidth reservation process, which is usually used in practice for broadcasting VBR streams. We implement the proposed algorithm in a trace-driven simulator, and conduct extensive simulations. The simulation results show that our algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms in many aspects, including number of late frames, number of concurrently broadcast video streams, and energy saving of mobile devices. We also implement the proposed algorithm in a real testbed for video broadcasting as a proof of concept. The results from the testbed confirm that the proposed algorithm: (i) does not result in playout glitches, (ii) achieves high energy saving, and (iii) runs in real time. Copyright 2009 ACM.

关键词： Energy conservation

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Design of photonic devices using bio-inspired algorithms

Design of photonic devices using bio-inspired algorithms

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SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International conference on Microwave and Optoelectronics (IMOC)

作者： Carlos H. Silva-Santosa Kleucio Claudiob Hugo E. Hernández-Figueroac Marcos Sérgio Gonçalves Department of Microwave and Optics/FEEC University of Campinas Brasil School of Technology University of Campinas Limeira Brasil

ISBN: (纸本)9781424453566;9781424453573

The design of photonic devices in computer simulators is a complex task and, in some cases, there are not analytical solutions to support. An alternative is the application of some optimizations techniques. For this reason, this work presents three different bio-inspired algorithms (GA, ES and AIS) to optimize three different photonic devices. The main objectives are providing a flexible and efficient computational optimization tool to design different photonic devices and benchmarking the efficiency of each one. In addition, the efficiency results compare the optimization convergence and computational efforts necessary for each optimization.

关键词： Algorithm design and analysis Optical computing Biology computing Stochastic processes Genetic algorithms Evolution (biology) Genetic mutations Optical design Computational modeling Filters

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Investigation of In_xGa_{1-x}As Ultra-Thin-Body Tunneling FETs Using a Full-Band and Atomistic Approach

Investigation of In_xGa_{1-x}As Ultra-Thin-Body Tunneling FE...

引用

International conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and devices (SISPAD)

作者： Mathieu Luisier Gerhard Klimeck Network for Computational Nanotechnology Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

Using a 2-D, full-band, atomistic, quantum mechanical simulator based on the sp 3 d 5 s * tight-binding method with spin-orbit coupling, we investigate the performances of single- and double-gate relaxed In x Ga 1-x As p-i-n ultra-thin-body (UTB) tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) with 20 nm to 50 nm gate lengths. The ON-current, OFF-current leakage, and subthreshold slope (SS) properties are analyzed as function of the In concentration in 5 nm thick structures. We find (i) that devices with a high In concentration allow more ON-current, but suffer from higher OFF-currents and lower SS, (ii) that double-gate devices perform better than single-gate ones, and (iii) that a longer gate length reduces the source-to-drain tunneling leakage and the OFF-current of the UTB TFETs.

关键词： Tunneling Computational modeling Poisson equations iii-V semiconductor materials photonic band gap Sparse matrices Atomic layer deposition Effective mass Double-gate FETs Quantum computing

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FLaCoSt: A Novel Peer to Peer Architecture for Video Streaming in a Next Generation Network

FLaCoSt: A Novel Peer to Peer Architecture for Video Streami...

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International conference on Advances in P2P Systems (AP2PS)

作者： Jaime Garcia-Reinoso Alex Bikfalvi Ivan Vidal Francisco Valera Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Madrid Spain IMDEA Networks Madrid Spain

This paper proposes a peer-to-peer video streaming delivery system within the framework of next generation networks using application level multicast. Increased efficiency and reliability is achieved in two ways. First, the system uses path diversity by splitting the video traffic in several stripes and distributing each stripe via different multicast trees. Second, the proposed architecture lies within a next generation network framework that enables network resource reservations with different classes of service. Therefore, the video stripes can receive different priorities making possible the usage of layered coding techniques such as multi-description coding and scalable video coding. The peer-to-peer protocol takes advantage of the multipath delivery and resources reservation by optimising the searches for a parent in the multicast tree, thus minimising the service access time and service interruptions. These ideas can be improved using always-on central devices like residential gateways as peer nodes.

关键词： Streaming media Next generation networking Peer to peer computing Multicast protocols Quality of service Access protocols Multicast algorithms Telecommunication traffic Video coding Bandwidth

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Time Slicing in Mobile TV Broadcast Networks with Arbitrary Channel Bit Rates

Time Slicing in Mobile TV Broadcast Networks with Arbitrary ...

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IEEE Annual Joint conference: INFOCOM, IEEE Computer and Communications Societies

作者： C.-H. Hsu M. Hefeeda School of Computing Science Simon Fraser University Surrey BC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781424435128

Mobile TV networks have received significant attention from the industry and academia, as they have already been deployed in several countries and their expected market potential is huge. In such networks, a base station broadcasts TV channels in bursts with bit rates much higher than the encoding bit rates of the videos. This enables mobile receivers to receive a burst of traffic and then turn off their receiving circuit till the next burst to conserve energy. The base station needs to construct a transmission schedule for all bursts of different TV channels. Constructing optimal (in terms of energy saving) transmission schedules has been shown to be an NP-complete problem when the TV channels are encoded at arbitrary bit rates. In this paper, we propose a near-optimal approximation algorithm to solve this problem. We prove the correctness of the proposed algorithm and derive its approximation factor. We also conduct extensive evaluation of our algorithm using real implementation in a mobile TV testbed and simulations. Our experimental and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm: (i) is practical and produces correct burst schedules, (ii) achieves near-optimal energy saving for mobile devices, and (iii) runs efficiently in real time.

关键词： Mobile TV TV broadcasting Bit rate Job shop scheduling Base stations Approximation algorithms Videos Telecommunication traffic Circuits NP-complete problem

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Nonlinear harmonic response in microwave and photonic devices, and waveguides

Nonlinear harmonic response in microwave and photonic device...

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12th World Multi-conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, WMSCI 2008, Jointly with the 14th International conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis, ISAS 2008

作者： El-Badawy, El-Sayed A. EI-Halafawy, Farag Z. Mohamed, Abd-El-Naser A. Eid, Mahmoud M.A. Alexandria 21311 Egypt Elect. Eng. Dept F. of Eng. Alexandria Univ. Alexandria 21544 Egypt Department of Electronic and Electrical Communication Engineering Faculty of Electronics Engineering Menoufia University Menouf 32951 Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)1934272337

In the present paper, we have analyzed nonlinear harmonic response in microwave, photonic devices, and waveguides, applications. Based on Frobenius power series expansions, a special software has been cast and applied with very small truncation error (less than 10-8). Four basic sets of nonlinear harmonic response systems have been processed: i) New algorithms for computing twelve Jacobian elliptic functions are built on the basis of transformation of Jacobian elliptic integrals to nonlinear differential equations of second order, where each function has its generating recurrence formula., ii) Self-trapping (paraxial propagation) in W-shaped refractive index fibers are parametrically investigated, iii) Implementation of the Frobenius method for the numerical solution of initial value problems involving second order nonlinear differential equations with or without arbitrary forced functions under the forms: (Equation presented) are discussed, where α, β, and γ are physical parameters;both m and n are positive solid integers, and f(t) is an arbitrary exciting function, and finally iv) waveguides and multiplexers. A novel software program has been designed and processed to handle the above problems.

关键词： Initial value problems

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Optimized Architectural Synthesis of Fixed-Point Datapaths

Optimized Architectural Synthesis of Fixed-Point Datapaths

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International conference on Reconfigurable computing and FPGAs (ReConFig)

作者： Gabriel Caffarena Juan A. López Gerardo Leyva Carlos Carreras Octavio Nieto-Taladriz Department de Ing. Electrónica Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Spain Department de Sistemas Electrónicos Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes Mexico

In this paper we address the time-constrained architectural synthesis of fixed-point DSP algorithms using FPGA devices. Optimized fixed-point implementations are obtained by means of considering: (i) a multiple word length approach; (ii) a complete datapath formed of word length-wise resources (i.e. functional units, multiplexers and registers); and, (iii) a novel resource usage metric that enables the wise distribution of logic fabric and embedded DSP resources. The paper shows: (i) the benefits of applying a multiple word length approach to the implementation of fixed point datapaths; and (ii) the benefits of a wise use of embedded FPGA resources. The proposed metric enables area improvements up to 54% and the use of a complete fixed-point datapath leads to improvements up to 35%.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays Digital signal processing Signal processing algorithms Multiplexing Delay Radio frequency Logic devices Cost function Table lookup Virtual manufacturing

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Crosstalk-Free Widesense Nonblocking Multicast photonic Switching Networks

Crosstalk-Free Widesense Nonblocking Multicast Photonic Swit...

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IEEE GLOBECOM 2008 - 2008 IEEE Global Telecommunications conference

作者： Hung Q. Ngo Thanh-Nhan Nguyen Duc T. Ha Computer Science and Engineering State University of New York University at Buffalo Amherst NY USA

We analyze crosstalk-free widesense nonblocking multicast multi-log networks. Widesense nonblocking strikes a balance between strictly nonblocking and rearrangeably non- blocking both in terms of cost-effectiveness and route establishment efficiency. The problem is important as cost-effective and efficient crosstalk-free multicast photonic switching networks are likely to play an important role at the optical Internet core in the future. Particularly, for the first time in the literature we derive conditions for the d-ary multi-log network to be crosstalk-free multicast widesense nonblocking under the window algorithm for any given window size. Several interesting by-products follow from our approach and result. Firstly, our result allows for computing the best window size minimizing the fabric cost, showing that the multi-log network is a very good candidate for crosstalk-free multicast switching architectures. Secondly, our analytical approach - partly based on applying the celebrated Konig-Egevary theorem - also gives a much simpler proof of the known case when the network is not required to be crosstalk-free. Thirdly, for window sizes of 1 and d n , we re-discovered known results for the multi-log multicast networks under the so-called fanout constraints.

关键词： Multicast algorithms Fabrics Costs Optical crosstalk Communication switching Optical design Optical switches Optical fiber networks IP networks Optical devices

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Mechanically tunable photonic crystal

Mechanically tunable photonic crystal

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conference on Optomechatronic Micro/Nano devices and Components iii

作者： Schrader, Steven Truxal, Steven Gandhi, Sheeba Kurabayashi, Katsuo Univ Michigan Dept Mech Engn Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468659

Many technologies have been developed to actively change the band gap of a photonic crystal. While reasonable tuning speeds have been achieved, large simultaneous changes in band gap have not. This is suitable for optical switching and routing, however, a much larger tuning range is required for optical switching of multiple wavelength signals. In this paper, we show the design and analysis of a MEMS device which allows for higher tuning capabilities by leveraging the high strain achievable within a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer attached to silicon comb drives. This novel design can lead to photonic crystals with more tunability than other state-or-the-art designs while maintaining acceptable speeds over 1 kHz.

关键词： photonic crystals MEMS waveguide optical computing

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Optimization of metallic bi-periodic photonic crystals - Application to compact directive antennas

Optimization of metallic bi-periodic photonic crystals - App...

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conference on Optomechatronic Micro/Nano devices and Components iii

作者： Guerin, Nicolas Hafner, Christian Vahldieck, Ruediger ETZ Gebaude ETH Zentrum Lab Electromagnet Fields & Microwave Elect CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468659

This paper presents a theoretical, numerical and experimental study for the design of a three-dimensional directive antenna for microwave telecommunications (KU-band: 12-18 GHz) applications. The presented structure consists of a stack of 6 metallic crossed grids above a ground plane, which is potentially capable to replace parabolic antennas, because it is much more compact than classical solutions and uses a single patch as feeding device. Such structure acts as a metallic photonic crystal at the band edge or as an ultra-refractive metamaterial. A numerical 3D code computing the diffraction by metallic bi-periodic gratings, and a fast layer-by-layer approach, allows to model and to optimize this kind of antennas. Especially, it is reported how both directivity and frequency bandwidth can be improved simultaneously. Numerical results are confirmed by experiments in an anechoic chamber.

关键词： composite doped metamaterials metallic and bi-periodic photonic crystals numerical optimization compact directive antennas (CDAs) industrial application

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