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Design Technology for Scalable and Robust photonic Integrated Circuits 38

Design Technology for Scalable and Robust Photonic Integrate...

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38th IEEE/ACM International conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD)

作者： Zhao, Zheng Gu, Jiaqi Ying, Zhoufeng Feng, Chenghao Chen, Ray T. Pan, David Z. Univ Texas Austin Dept Elect & Comp Engn Austin TX 78712 USA Univ Texas Austin Dept Mat Sci & Engn Austin TX 78712 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728123509

photonic integrated circuit (PIC), as a promising alternative to traditional CMOS circuit, has demonstrated the potential to accomplish on-chip optical signal transmission and computations in ultra-high speed and/or low power consumption. One of the critical challenges of PIC, however, is that its scalability and robustness are limited by cascaded optical power loss and noise error. In this paper, we analyze the scalability and noise robustness challenges facing photonic integrated circuits, for two representative PIC applications: logic computing and neural networks. Automated design algorithms and learning methodologies are proposed to resolve these issues.

关键词： Computation theory

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Proof of X: Experimental Insights on Blockchain Consensus algorithms in Energy Markets

Proof of X: Experimental Insights on Blockchain Consensus Al...

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Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT)

作者： Travis Machacek Milan Biswal Satyajayant Misra The MITRE Corporation New Mexico State University

ISBN: (数字)9781728188973

ISBN: (纸本)9781728188980

The current centralized model of the electricity market is not efficient in performing distributed energy transactions required for the transactive smart grid. One of the prominent solutions to this issue is to integrate blockchain technologies, which promise transparent, tamper-proof, and secure transaction systems specifically suitable for the decentralized and distributed energy markets. Blockchain has already been shown to successfully operate in a microgrid peer-to-peer (P2P) energy market. The prime determinant of different blockchain implementations is the consensus algorithm they use to reach consensus on which blocks/transactions to accept as valid in a distributed environment. Although different blockchain implementations have been proposed independently for P2P energy market in the microgrid, quantitative experimental analyses and comparison of the consensus algorithms that the different blockchains may use for energy markets, has not been studied. Identifying the right consensus algorithm to use is essential for scalability and operation of the energy market. To this end, we evaluate three popular consensus algorithms: (i) proof of work (PoW), (ii) proof of authority (PoA), and (iii) Istanbul Byzantine fault tolerance (IBFT), running them on a network of nodes set up using a network of docker nodes to form a microgrid energy market. Using a series of double auctions, we assess each algorithm's viability using different metrics, such as time to reach consensus and scalability. The results indicate that PoA is the most efficient and scalable consensus algorithm to hold double auctions in the smart grid. We also identified the minimum hardware specification necessary for devices such as smart meters, which may run these consensus algorithms.

关键词： Scalability Consensus algorithm Microgrids Blockchain Smart meters Peer-to-peer computing Smart grids

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Broadband Si waveguide loop mirror with curved directional coupler 24

Broadband Si waveguide loop mirror with curved directional c...

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24th OptoElectronics and Communications conference (OECC) / International conference on photonics in Switching and computing (PSC)

作者： Mitarai, Takuya Eissa, Moataz Miyazaki, Takayuki Amemiya, Tomohiro Nishiyama, Nobuhiko Arai, Shigehisa Tokyo Inst Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Meguro Ku S9-12-12-1 O Okayama Tokyo 1528552 Japan Tokyo Inst Technol Lab Future Interdisciplinary Res Sci & Technol Meguro Ku S9-12-12-1 O Okayama Tokyo 1528552 Japan

A broadband Si waveguide loop mirror utilizing a curved directional coupler (CDC) was realized for application to an external cavity type iii-V/SOI hybrid laser. Reflectance with broad wavelength characteristics was o... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9784885523212

关键词： photonic integrated circuits Si photonic and heterogeneous platform Advanced Passive devices

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iii-V Lasers and Integrated Components Directly Grown on Silicon: Options for Integration

III-V Lasers and Integrated Components Directly Grown on Sil...

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2019 Device Research conference, DRC 2019

作者： Lau, Kei May Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9781728121123

iii-V semiconductor RF and optoelectronic devices have been widely used for decades, primarily in discrete form or low level integration. The conventional wisdom has been that lattice-matched crystal structures must be grown on native substrates with minimal crystalline defects to ensure good device performance and reliability. With limited availability of last-area / low-cost substrates and manufacturing infrastructure, large scale integration of iii-V devices, circuits, and system is still in its infancy, compared with Si CMOS. To meet the urgent need for energy-efficient high-performance computing and data-communication components for big data traffic systems, increased adoption and integration of optics and electronics using the fast maturing silicon photonics is essential. Design and implementation of compound semiconductor components on a silicon material platform for photonic and electronic integration is the most logical path forward. This iii-V on silicon platform strongly leverages the enormous capabilities and infrastructure of Si CMOS, extending them to photonic and electronic integrated devices/circuits for high speed, wide bandwidth, and energy-efficient applications. Most communication wavelength lasers with excellent device performance being used in Si photonics are grown on iii-V substrates and bonded to silicon. For monolithic integration, growth and fabrication of such lasers on iii-V/ Si compliant substrates is another option. However, this approach is challenging and was deemed intractable for decades. In this talk, I will briefly describe the development of GaAs/Si and InP/Si compliant substrates on (001) CMOS standard Si substrates for laser growth [1]. 1.3\ \mu\mathrm{m} and 1.5\mu \mathrm{m} electrically-pump quantum dot lasers have been realized on both types of iii-V/Si templates. High-performance and reliable InAs/InGaAs quantum dots (QD) lasers emitting at 1.3\ \mu \mathrm{m} grown by MBE on GaAs/Si templates has been well-developed over

关键词： Indium phosphide

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New Distributed Constraint Reasoning algorithms for Load Balancing in Edge computing 1

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22nd International conference on Principles and Practice of Multi-Agent Systems (PRIMA)

作者： Hoang, Khoi D. Wayllace, Christabel Yeoh, William Beal, Jacob Dasgupta, Soura Mo, Yuanqiu Paulos, Aaron Schewe, Jon Washington Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn St Louis MO 63110 USA Raytheon BBN Technol Cambridge England Univ Iowa Dept Elect & Comp Engn Iowa City IA 52242 USA

ISBN: (数字)9783030337926

ISBN: (纸本)9783030337926;9783030337919

Edge computing is a paradigm for improving the performance of cloud computing systems by performing data processing at the edge of the network, closer to the users and sources of data. As data processing is traditionally done in large data centers, typically located far from their users, the edge computing paradigm will reduce the communication bottleneck between the user and the location of data processing, thereby improving overall performance. This becomes more important as the number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and other mobile or embedded devices continues to increase. In this paper, we investigate the use of distributed constraint reasoning (DCR) techniques to model and solve the distributed load balancing problem in edge computing problems. Specifically, we (i) provide a mapping of the distributed load balancing problem in edge computing to a distributed constraint satisfaction and optimization problem;(ii) propose two DCR algorithms to solve such problems;and (iii) empirically evaluate our algorithms against a state-of-the-art DCR algorithm on random and scale-free networks.

关键词： DisCSPs DCOPs Edge computing Multi-agent systems

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Tunable computing Slam navigation environments 3

Tunable computing Slam navigation environments

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3rd International conference on Cognitive Robotics

作者： Trang Hoang Thuy Nguyen Shidlovskiy, S. V. Natl Res Tomsk State Univ Tomsk Russia Vietnam Maritime Univ Hai Phong Vietnam

In many cases, to solve applied problems, the robot needs to know its real location, which is most often different from the data stored in the on-board system. For unmanned robotic devices, as well as for ground-based robots, it is most efficient to use local navigation algorithms, which consist in determining the coordinates of the device with respect to a certain starting point. The paper discusses localization algorithms provided that the map of the area is known in advance. Particular attention is paid to the Monte Carlo localization method because of several advantages. The paper presents an example of modeling the algorithm operation.

关键词： Robots

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CamLoc: Pedestrian Location Estimation through Body Pose Estimation on Smart Cameras

CamLoc: Pedestrian Location Estimation through Body Pose Est...

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10th International conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)

作者： Cosma, Adrian Radoi, Ion Emilian Radu, Valentin Univ Politehn Bucuresti Bucharest Romania Univ Edinburgh Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland

ISBN: (纸本)9781728117881

Advances in hardware and algorithms are driving the exponential growth of Internet of Things (IoT), with increasingly more pervasive computations being performed near the data generation sources. With this wave of technology, a range of intelligent devices can perform local inferences (activity recognition, fitness monitoring, etc.), which have obvious advantages: reduced inference latency for interactive (real-time) applications and better data privacy by processing user data locally. Video processing can benefit many applications and data labelling systems, although performing this efficiently at the edge of the Internet is not trivial. In this paper, we show that accurate pedestrian location estimation is achievable using deep neural networks on fixed cameras with limited computing resources. Our approach, CamLoc, uses pose estimation from key body points detection to extend pedestrian skeleton when the entire body is not in view (occluded by obstacles or partially outside the frame). Our evaluation dataset contains over 2100 frames from surveillance cameras (including two cameras simultaneously pointing at the same scene from different angles), in 42 different scenarios of activity and occlusion. We make this dataset available together with annotations indicating the exact 2D position of person in frame as ground-truth information. CamLoc achieves good location estimation accuracy in these complex scenarios with high levels of occlusion, matching the performance of state-of-the-art solutions, but using less computing resources and attaining a higher inference throughput.

关键词： vision-based localization smart camera embedded devices location estimation pose estimation

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iii-V Lasers and Integrated Components Directly Grown on Silicon: Options for Integration

III-V Lasers and Integrated Components Directly Grown on Sil...

引用

Device Research conference

作者： Kei May Lau Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong

ISBN: (数字)9781728121123

ISBN: (纸本)9781728121130

iii-V semiconductor RF and optoelectronic devices have been widely used for decades, primarily in discrete form or low level integration. The conventional wisdom has been that lattice-matched crystal structures must be grown on native substrates with minimal crystalline defects to ensure good device performance and reliability. With limited availability of last-area / low-cost substrates and manufacturing infrastructure, large scale integration of iii-V devices, circuits, and system is still in its infancy, compared with Si CMOS. To meet the urgent need for energy-efficient high-performance computing and data-communication components for big data traffic systems, increased adoption and integration of optics and electronics using the fast maturing silicon photonics is essential. Design and implementation of compound semiconductor components on a silicon material platform for photonic and electronic integration is the most logical path forward. This iii-V on silicon platform strongly leverages the enormous capabilities and infrastructure of Si CMOS, extending them to photonic and electronic integrated devices/circuits for high speed, wide bandwidth, and energy-efficient applications. Most communication wavelength lasers with excellent device performance being used in Si photonics are grown on iii-V substrates and bonded to silicon. For monolithic integration, growth and fabrication of such lasers on iii-V/ Si compliant substrates is another option. However, this approach is challenging and was deemed intractable for decades. In this talk, I will briefly describe the development of GaAs/Si and InP/Si compliant substrates on (001) CMOS standard Si substrates for laser growth [1]. 1.3 μm and 1.5μm electrically-pump quantum dot lasers have been realized on both types of iii-V/Si templates. High-performance and reliable InAs/InGaAs quantum dots (QD) lasers emitting at 1.3 μm grown by MBE on GaAs/Si templates has been well-developed over the past few years [2]. Recently, In

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Integrated photonics for NASA applications 5

Integrated photonics for NASA applications

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conference on Components and Packaging for Laser Systems V

作者： Krainak, Michael Stephen, Mark Troupaki, Elisavet Tedder, Sarah Reyna, Baraquiel Klamkin, Jonathan Zhao, Hongwei Song, Bowen Fridlander, Joseph Minh Tran Bowers, John E. Bergman, Keren Lipson, Michal Rizzo, Anthony Datta, Ipshita Abrams, Nathan Mookherjea, Shayan Ho, Seng-Tiong Bei, Qiang Huang, Yingyan Tu, Yongming Moslehi, Behzad Harris, James Matsko, Andrey Savchenkov, Anatoliy Liu, Guangyao Proietti, Roberto Yoo, S. J. B. Johansson, Leif Dorrer, Christophe Arteaga-Sierra, Francisco R. Qiao, Jie Gong, Songbin Gu, Tingyi Ohanian, Osgar John, iii Ni, Xingjie Ding, Yimin Duan, Yao Dalir, Hamed Chen, Ray T. Sorger, Volker J. Komljenovic, Tin NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr Washington DC 20546 USA NASA Glenn Res Ctr Washington DC 20546 USA NASA Johnson Space Ctr Washington DC 20546 USA Univ Calif Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA Columbia Univ New York NY 10027 USA Univ Calif San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA Northwestern Univ Evanston IL 60208 USA OptoNet Bisuvanahalli India IFOS Inc Bisuvanahalli India Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA OEWaves Inc Pasadena CA USA Univ Calif Davis Davis CA 95616 USA Freedom Photon Inc Davis CA USA Aktiwave LLC Rochester NY USA Rochester Inst Technol Rochester NY USA Univ Illinois Chicago IL 60680 USA Univ Delaware Delaware OH USA Luna Innovat Inc Roanoke VA USA Penn State Univ University Pk PA 16802 USA Omega Opt Inc Brattleboro VT USA Univ Texas Austin Austin TX 78712 USA George Washington Univ Washington DC 20052 USA Nexus Photon Santa Barbara CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510624412

NASA is working with US industry and academia to develop photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) for: (1) Sensors (2) Analog RF applications (3) computing and free space communications. The PICs provide reduced size, weight, and power that is critical for space based systems. We describe recent breakthrough 3D monolithic integration of photonic structures, particularly high-speed graphene-silicon devices on CMOS electronics to create CMOS-compatible high-bandwidth transceivers for ultra-low power Terabit-scale optical communications. An integrated graphene electro-optic modulator has been demonstrated with a bandwidth of 30 GHz. Graphene microring modulators are especially attractive for dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) systems. For space-based optical communication and ranging we have demonstrated generating a variable number of channels from a single laser using breadboard components, using a single-sideband carrier-suppressed (SSBCS) modulator driven by an externally-supplied RF tone (arbitrary RF frequency), a tunable optical bandpass filter, and an optical amplifier which are placed in a loop. We developed a Return--to-Zero (RZ) Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) laser transmitter PIC using an InP technology platform that includes a tunable laser, a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA), high-speed Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM), and an electroabsorption (EAM) modulator. A Silicon Nitride (SiN) platform integrated photonic circuit suitable for a spectrally pure chip-scale tunable opto-electronic RF oscillator (OEO) that can operate as a flywheel in high precision optical clock modules, as well as radio astronomy, spectroscopy, and local oscillator in radar and communications systems is needed. We have demonstrated a low noise optical frequency combs generation from a small OEO prototypes containing very low loss (similar to 1 dB) waveguide couplers of various shapes and sizes integrated with an ultrahigh-Q MgF2 resonators. An innovative miniaturized l

关键词： Times Roman image area acronyms references

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Data Consistency in Mobile Collaborative Networks Based on the Drop computing Paradigm 21

Data Consistency in Mobile Collaborative Networks Based on t...

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21st IEEE International conference on Computational Science and Engineering (CSE)

作者： Tabusca, Vladut-Constantin Ciobanu, Radu-Ioan Dobre, Ciprian Univ Politehn Bucuresti Fac Automat Control & Comp Bucharest Romania

ISBN: (纸本)9781538676493

In the past years, the use of smartphones and mobile devices on the widest scale has led to an evolution of existing mobile networks. This has generated different routing and dissemination algorithms compared to the existing ones for classic wired networks. Therefore, we introduced the Drop computing paradigm, which proposes the concept of decentralized computing over multilayered networks, combining cloud and wireless technologies over a social crowd formed between mobile and edge devices which will receive every data or computation request. The problem addressed in this paper is related to the consistency of data received from other peers, as there may be situations where it has been intentionally corrupted or has suffered inevitable changes on its path. Our main contributions include a rating mechanism of the nodes and a waiting mechanism for more versions of the same information in order to establish the correctness of the received data. Using simulations, we show that the proposed solutions increase the consistency level up to 100% in some situations. The simulation of the network interactions is based both on a synthetic mobility model, as well as on a real-life mobility trace.

关键词： mobile social opportunistic consistency edge fog cloud

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