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Quantifying mucosal blood volume fraction from multispectral images of the colon

Quantifying mucosal blood volume fraction from multispectral...

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Medical Imaging 2007 conference

作者： Claridge, Ela Hidovic-Rowe, Dzena Taniere, Phillipe Ismail, Tariq Univ Birmingham Sch Comp Sci Birmingham B15 2TT W Midlands England Univ Birmingham Med Sch Birmingham B15 2TT W Midlands England

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466297

One of the common physiological changes associated with cancer is the formation of a dense, irregular and leaky network of new blood vessels, which result in the increase of the blood volume fraction (BVF) at the site of a tumour. Such changes are not always obvious through visual inspection using a direct observation, an endoscopic device or colour photography. This paper presents a method for deriving quantitative estimates of BVF of the colon mucosa from multispectral images of the colon. The method has two stages. In the first ("forward") stage a physics-based model of light propagation computes the spectra corresponding to a range of instances of the colon tissue, and in particular the spectral changes resulting from changes in the quantity of blood volume fraction, haemoglobin saturation, the size and density of scattering particles, and the tissue thickness. In the second stage ("model inversion") the spectra obtained from the image data are used to derive the values of the above histological parameters. Parametric maps of the blood contents are created by storing at every pixel the BVF value recovered through the model inversion. In a pilot study multispectral images of ex-vivo samples of the colon were acquired from 8 patients. The samples contained histologically confirmed instances of adenocarcinoma and other pathologies. The parametric maps of BVF showed the significant increase in blood volume fraction (up to 75% above that of the surrounding the normal tissue). A Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction showed that all but one of the differences (a benign neoplastic polyp) are significant (p < 0.000 15).

关键词： multispectral imaging colon colorectal cancer image analysis quantitative analysis blood volume fraction

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Intravital multiphoton microscopy for imaging hepatobiliary function

Intravital multiphoton microscopy for imaging hepatobiliary ...

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conference on Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences VII

作者： Lo, Wen Liu, Yuan Chen, Hsiao-Ching Yang, Shu-Mei Sun, Tzu-Lin Chiou, Ling-Ling Huang, Guan-Tarn Dong, Cben-Yuan Lee, Hsuan-Shu Natl Taiwan Univ Dept Phys Taipei 106 Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp Dept Internal Med Taipei 100 Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Taipei 100 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819465559

In this work, intravital multiphoton microscopy is applied to the imaging of liver metabolism with the least invasiveness. We observed intravital dynamics of the uptake, processing and excretion of the organic anion species, 6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate (6-CFDA) in the hepatobiliary system. This is achieved by the use of multiphoton microscopy and an in vivo hepatic imaging chamber which allows us to image the dynamics of hepatic metabolism. Multiphoton images revealed that the hepatic processing of 6-CFDA is completed within approximately 50 minutes. The images reveal the liver metabolism of the uptake and processing of 6-CFDA from the hepatocytes, and the subsequent excretion into bile canaliculi. Our results suggest that this approach is a promising technique for investigating intravital hepatic physiology, diseases, and metabolism.

关键词： multiphoton second harmonic generation in vivo liver

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The Physiome Project: A View of Integrative Biological function 11th

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11th Mediterranean conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing (MEDICON 2007)

作者： Dewey, C. F. MIT Dept Biol Engn Dept Mech Engn Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783540730439

The Physiome Project comprises a worldwide effort to provide a computational framework for understanding human and other eukaryotic physiology. The aim is to develop integrative models at all levels of biological organization from genes to the whole organism. This is achieved via gene regulatory networks, protein pathways, integrative cell function, and tissue and whole organ structure/function relations. A key hallmark of the Physiome is that it covers many physical scales of description, from molecule-molecule interactions to whole cell behaviour to whole organ descriptions. This talk will stress the computational and semantic layers of the Physiome, the mathematical and logical "glue" that allows the various physiological scales to communicate and work with one another. The first knowledge domain is Ontologies. Ontology is a specific expression of known facts about the real world. Work on ontologies is being undertaken in order to organize biological data and knowledge at the different levels of the biological continuum. An additional and important component of this work is to facilitate easy and effective access to a range of databases, and to facilitate automated reasoning that can simultaneously extract information from many databases. We will illustrate how ontologies can be used to create and manage databases in an intelligent manner. Biology and medicine are replete with many Databases, and the physiome goes from information on the smallest scales such as genes and proteins to whole organs such as the beating heart. They have been designed to hold experimental data such as those from medical images and microarrays, and they have also been constructed to hold consensus information such as curated scientific "truth" about genes and proteins. A considerable amount of work has been undertaken to integrate the meaning of different facts that appear in these different databases, but unfortunately that process today is very time-consuming and difficult. We will di

关键词： Physiome project databases markup languages

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Clinical applications of three-dimensional tortuosity metrics

Clinical applications of three-dimensional tortuosity metric...

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Medical Imaging 2007 conference

作者： Dougherty, Geoff Johnson, Michael J. Calif State Univ Channel Isl Appl Phys Camarillo CA 93012 USA Kuwait Univ Dept Math & Comp Sci Kuwait 13060 Kuwait

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466297

The measurement of abnormal vascular tortuosity is important in the diagnosis of many diseases. Metrics based on three-dimensional (3-D) curvature, using approximate polynomial spline-fitting to "data balls" centered along the midline of the vessel, minimize digitization errors and give tortuosity values largely independent of the resolution of the imaging system. In order to establish their clinical validity we applied them to a number of clinical vascular systems, using both 2-D (standard angiograms and retinal images) and 3-D datasets (from computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (NfR-A)). Using the abdominal aortograms we found that the metrics correlated well with the ranking of an expert panel of three vascular surgeons. Both the mean curvature and the rootmean square curvature provided good discrimination between vessels of different tortuosity: and using a data ball size of one-quarter of the local vessel radius in the spline fitting gave consistent results. Tortuous retinal vessels resulting from retinitis or diabetes, but not from vasculitis, could be distinguished from normal vessels. Tortuosity values based on 3-D data sets gave higher values than their 2-D projections, and could easily be implemented in automatic measurement. They produced values sufficiently discriminating to assess the relative utility of arteries for endoluminal repair of aneurysms.

关键词： tortuosity blood vessels retinal images retinal pathologies MRA endoluminal repair

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Novel methods for parameter based analysis of myocardial tissue in MR-images

Novel methods for parameter based analysis of myocardial tis...

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Medical Imaging 2007 conference

作者： Hennemuth, A. Behrens, S. Kuehnel, C. Oeltze, S. Konrad, O. Peitgen, H. -O. Me Vis Res GmbH Univ Salle 29 D-28359 Bremen Germany Univ Magdeburg Fac Comp Sci Dept Simulat & Graph D-39106 Magdeburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466297

The analysis of myocardial tissue with contrast-enhanced MR yields multiple parameters, which can be used to classify the examined tissue. Perfusion images are often distorted by motion, while late enhancement images are acquired with a different size and resolution. Therefore, it is common to reduce the analysis to a visual inspection, or to the examination of parameters related to the 17-segment-model proposed by the American Heart Association (AHA). As this simplification comes along with a considerable loss of information, our purpose is to provide methods for a more accurate analysis regarding topological and functional tissue features. In order to achieve this, we implemented registration methods for the motion correction of the perfusion sequence and the matching of the late enhancement information onto the perfusion image and vice versa. For the motion corrected perfusion sequence, vector images containing the voxel enhancement curves' semi-quantitative parameters are derived. The resulting vector images are combined with the late enhancement information and form the basis for the tissue examination. For the exploration of data we propose different modes: the inspection of the enhancement curves and parameter distribution in areas automatically segmented using the late enhancement information, the inspection of regions segmented in parameter space by user defined threshold intervals and the topological comparison of regions segmented with different settings. Results showed a more accurate detection of distorted regions in comparison to the ARA-model-based evaluation.

关键词： myocardial perfusion tissue classification late enhancement

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Structure and function relationship of human heart from DENSE MRI

Structure and function relationship of human heart from DENS...

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Medical Imaging 2007 conference

作者： Moghaddam, Abbas N. Gharib, Morteza CALTECH Pasadena CA 91125 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles David Geffen Sch Med Los Angeles CA 90024 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466297

The study here, suggests a macroscopic structure for the Left Ventricle (LV), based on the heart kinematics which is obtained through imaging. The measurement of the heart muscle deformation using the Displacement ENcoding with Stimulated Echoes (DENSE) MRI, which describes the heart kinematics in the Lagrangian frame work, is used to determine the high resolution patterns of true myocardial strain. Subsequently, the tangential Shortening Index (SI) and the thickening of the LV wall are calculated for each data point. Considering the heart as a positive-displacement pump, the contribution of each segment of LV in the heart function, can be determined by the SI and thickening of the wall in the same portion. Hence the Sl isosurfaces show the extent and spatial distribution of the heart activity and reveals its macro structure. The structure and function of the heart are, therefore, related which in turn results in a macroscopic model for the LV. In particular, it was observed that the heart functionality is not uniformly distributed in the LV, and the regions with greater effect on the pumping process, form a band which wraps around the heart. These results, which IN are supported by the established histological evidence, may be considered as a landmark in connecting the structure and function of the heart through imaging. Furthermore, the compatibility of this model with microscopic observations about the fiber direction is investigated [1]. This method may be used for planning as well as post evaluation of the ventriculoplasty.

关键词： cardiac mechanics image-based biomechanical models strain structure function tissue deformation

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Scanning and sequential decision making for multidimensional data

Scanning and sequential decision making for multidimensional...

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2007 Information Theory and Applications Workshop, ITA

作者： Cohen, Asaf Merhav, Neri Weissman, Tsachy Department of Electrical Engineering Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford 94305-9510 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780615153148

We investigate several problems in scanning of multidimensional data arrays, such as universal scanning and prediction ("scandiction", for short), and scandiction of noisy data arrays. These problems arise in several aspects of image and video processing, such as predictive coding, filtering and denoising. In predictive coding of images, for example, an image is compressed by coding the prediction error sequence resulting from scandicting it. Thus, it is natural to ask what is the optimal method to scan and predict a given image, what is the resulting minimum prediction loss, and if there exist specific scandiction schemes which are universal in some sense. More specifically, we investigate the following problems: First, given a random field, we examine whether there exists a scandiction scheme which is independent of the field's distribution, yet asymptotically achieves the same performance as if this distribution was known. This question is answered in the affirmative for the set of all spatially stationary random fields and under mild conditions on the loss function. We then discuss the scenario where a non-optimal scanning order is used, yet accompanied by an optimal predictor, and derive a bound on the excess loss compared to optimal scandiction. For individual data arrays, where we show that universal scandictors with respect to arbitrary finite scandictor sets do not exist, we show that the Peano-Hilbert scan has a uniformly small redundancy compared to optimal finite state scandiction. Finally, we examine the scenario where the random field is corrupted by noise, but the scanning and prediction (or filtering) scheme is judged with respect to the underlying noiseless field. A special emphasis is given to the interesting scenarios of binary random fields communicated through binary symmetric channels and Gaussian random fields corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise.

关键词： Scanning

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Three-dimensional murine airway segmentation in micro-CT images

Three-dimensional murine airway segmentation in micro-CT ima...

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Medical Imaging 2007 conference

作者： Shi, Lijun Thiesse, Jacqueline McLennan, Greoffrey Hoffman, Eric A. Reinhardt, Joseph M. Univ Iowa Dept Biomed Engn Iowa City IA 52242 USA Univ Iowa Dept Internal Med Iowa City IA 52242 USA Univ Iowa Dept Radiol Iowa City IA 52242 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466297

Thoracic imaging for small animals has emerged as an important tool for monitoring pulmonary disease progression and therapy response in genetically engineered animals. Micro-CT is becoming the standard thoracic imaging modality in small animal imaging because it can produce high-resolution images of the lung parenchyma, vasculature, and airways. Segmentation, measurement, and visualization of the airway tree is an important step in pulmonary image analysis. However, manual analysis of the airway tree in micro-CT images can be extremely time-consuming since a typical dataset is usually on the order of several gigabytes in size. Automated and semi-automated tools for micro-CT airway analysis are desirable. In this paper, we propose an automatic airway segmentation method for in vivo micro-CT images of the murine lung and validate our method by comparing the automatic results to manual tracing. Our method is based primarily on grayscale morphology. The results show good visual matches between manually segmented and automatically segmented trees. The average true positive volume fraction compared to manual analysis is 91.61%. The overall runtime for the automatic method is on the order of 30 minutes per volume compared to several hours to a few days for manual analysis.

关键词： pulmonary micro-CT airway segmentation mouse

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Accuracy limits for efficiently determining shape and size of low-density lipoprotein macromolecules from cryogenic transmission electron microscope images

Accuracy limits for efficiently determining shape and size o...

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Medical Imaging 2007 conference

作者： Collier, W. Lewis Martin, Lenore M. van Antwerpen, Rik Capstone Visual Prod Dev 266-B Nooseneck Hill Rd Exeter RI 02822 USA Univ Rhode Isl Dept Cell & Mol Biol Kingston RI 02881 USA Virginia Commonwealth Univ Coll Med Dept Biochem Richmond VA 23298 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466297

Previous research has shown that that the size (diameter) of LDL particles can have an effect on cardiovascular health and that LDL macromolecules may be non-spherical in shape. Some of these studies, however, used methods that are not conducive to automatic determination of the shape and size parameters of the particles. In particular, these prior methods used either centrifugal separations leading to mass/volume ratios or manual determination of parameters from scanned micrographs. This paper describes the investigation of methods of efficiently determining the geometric shape and size of LDL macromolecules from scanned micrographs. Variants of direct correlation of computer-generated geometric models to the orthonormal projection CTEM micrographs were investigated to determine applicability of determining pertinent geometric parameters of the expected discoid shape of the LDL. Analysis software was developed to analyze artificially generated discoid objects to determine the limits of the method. The results of this research show that the described method can be used to determine the shape and size of LDL particles to within a few pixels in both radius and height of the purported discoid shapes. By allowing for efficient generation of a histogram of LDL parameters in samples of blood, it is hoped that the pertinent parameters can then be correlated to observed cardiovascular state in order to assist in the determination of pertinent relationships between LDL geometry and overall cardiovascular health.

关键词： cryogenic transmission electron microscopy cardiovascular biomechanics and modeling image-based biomechanical models molecular imaging low density lipoprotein imaging.

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Quantification of glomerular filtration rate by measurement of gadobutrol clearance from the extracellular fluid volume: Comparison of a TurboFLASH and a TrueFISP approach

Quantification of glomerular filtration rate by measurement ...

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Medical Imaging 2007 conference

作者： Boss, Andreas Martirosian, Petros Arturic, Ferruh Risler, Teut Claussen, Claus D. Schlemmer, Heinz-Peter Schick, Fritz Univ Tubingen Sect Expt Radiol Dept Diagnost Radiol Tubingen Germany Univ Tubingen Dept Diagnost Radiol Tubingen Germany Univ Tubingen Dept Internal Med Tubingen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466297

Purpose: As the NM contrast-medium gadobutrol is completely eliminated via glomerular filtration, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be quantified after bolus-injection of gadobutrol and complete mixing in the extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) by measuring the signal decrease within the liver parenchyma. Two different navigator-gated singles-hot saturation-recovery sequences have been tested for suitability of GFR quantification: a TurboFLASH and a TrueFISP readout technique. Materials and Methods: Ten healthy volunteers (mean age 26.1 +/- 3.6) were equally devided in two subgroups. After bolus-injection of 0.05 mmol/kg gadobutrol, coronal single-slice images of the liver were recorded every 4-5 seconds during free breathing using either the TurboFLASH or the TrueFISP technique. Time-intensity curves were determined from manually drawn regions-of-interest over the liver parenchyma. Both sequences were subsequently evaluated regarding signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the behaviour of signal intensity curves. The calculated GFR values were compared to an iopromide clearance gold standard. Results: The TrueFISP sequence exhibited a 3.4-fold higher SNR as compared to the TurboFLASH sequence and markedly lower variability of the recorded time-intensity curves. The calculated mean GFR values were 107.0 +/- 16.1 ml/min/1.73m2 (iopromide: 92.1 +/- 14.5 ml/min/1.73m2) for the TrueFISP technique and 125.6 +/- 24.1 ml/min/1.73m2 (iopromide: 97.7 +/- 6.3 ml/min/1.73m2) for the TurboFLASH approach. The mean paired differences with TrueFISP was lower (15.0 ml/min/1.73m2) than in the TurboFLASH method (27.9 ml/min/1,73m2). Conclusion: The global GFR can be quantified via measurement of gadobutrol clearance from the ECFV. A saturation-recovery TrueFISP sequence allows for more reliable GFR quantification as a saturation recovery TurboFLASH technique.

关键词： kidney kidney function glomerular filtration rate GFR contrast-medium gadobutrol

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