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Face Recognition Based on WT, FastICA and RBF Neural Network

Face Recognition Based on WT, FastICA and RBF Neural Network

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International conference on Natural Computation (ICNC)

作者： Ming Li Fuwen Wu Xueyan Liu School of Computer and Communication Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China

Face is a complex multidimensional visual model and it is difficult to develop a computational model for recognition. A novel approach is presented to face recognition in this paper, which uses wavelet transform (WT), fast independent component analysis (FastICA) and radial basis function (RBF) neural networks. Firstly, low frequency subband images are extracted from original face image by 2D wavelet transform. Secondly, for reducing computational cost and converges difficultly, improved FastICA is applied to extract features from the low frequency subband image. Then, the extracted features are classified through RBF neural networks. Lastly, the proposed algorithm is tested on the ORL face database and result shows that it has good performance both in terms of recognition accuracy and robustness.

关键词： Face recognition Neural networks Wavelet transforms Frequency Feature extraction multidimensional systems Computational modeling Wavelet analysis Independent component analysis Computational efficiency

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Multiple Textured Objects Segmentation Using DWT Based Texture Features in Geodesic Active Contour

Multiple Textured Objects Segmentation Using DWT Based Textu...

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International conference on Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Applications

作者： Surya Prakash Department of Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur India

ISBN: (纸本)9780769530505

This paper addresses the issue of segmentation of multiple textured objects in presence of background texture using active contours. It first comments on the parametric and geodesic active contours in view of their abilities to handle multiple objects segmentation, in general and then proposes a technique based on geodesic active contours for the multiple textured objects segmentation. The proposed approach is based on the generalization of the geodesic active contour from one dimensional intensity based feature space to multidimensional texture based feature space. The main contributions of this work are as follows. First, it develops new scalogram based texture features which have good texture discriminating power and second, use of these features to define a good "texture edge indicator" function to be used in geodesic active contour algorithm. Proposed technique is validated using a set of synthetic and natural texture images. To show the effectiveness of the proposed technique, obtained results are compared with other techniques suggested in the literature.

关键词： Object segmentation Discrete wavelet transforms Active contours Application software Image segmentation Level set Computational intelligence Computer science multidimensional systems Computer vision

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Automated detection of mucus plugs within bronchial tree in MSCT images

Automated detection of mucus plugs within bronchial tree in ...

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Medical Imaging 2007 conference

作者： Odry, Benjamin L. Guiliguian, Diran Kiraly, Atilla P. Novak, Carol L. Naidich, David P. Lerallut, Jean-Francois Siemens Corporate Res Inc 755 Coll Rd E Princeton NJ USA Univ Technol Compiegne Dpt Genie Biolog Compiegne France NYU Med Ctr Dept Radiol New York NY 10016 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466297

Pulmonary diseases characterized by chronic airway inflammation, such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary (COPD), result in abnormal bronchial wall thickening, lumen dilatation and mucus plugs. Multi-Slice Computed Tomography (MSCT) allows for assessment of these abnormalities, even in airways that are obliquely oriented to the scan plane. 14 Chronic airway inflammation typically results in limitations of airflow, allowing for the accumulation of mucus, especially in the distal airways. In addition to obstructing airways, retained secretions make the airways prone to infection. Patients with chronic airway disease are clinically followed over time to assess disease progression and response to treatment. In this regard, the ability to obtain an automatic standardized method to rapidly and objectively assess the entire airway tree morphologically, including the extent of mucus plugging, would be of particular clinical value. We have developed a method to automatically detect the presence and location of mucus plugs within the peripheral airways. We first start with segmentation of the bronchial tree using a previously developed method. The skeleton-based tree structure is then computed and each terminal branch is individually extended using an adaptive threshold algorithm. We compute a local 2-dimensional model, based on airway luminal diameter and wall thickness. We then select a few points along the principal axis beyond the terminal branches, to extract 21) cross sections for correlation with a model of mucus plugging. Airway shape is validated with a correlation value, and the lumen distribution is analyzed and compared to the model. A high correlation indicates the presence of a mucus plug. We tested our method on 5 datasets containing a total of 40 foci of mucoid impaction. Preliminary results show sensitivity of 77.5% with a specificity of 98.2% and positive predictive value of 66%.

关键词： MSCT bronchial tree segmentation airway segmentation mucoid impaction

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Algorithms for extracting true phase from rotationally-diverse and phase-shifted DIC images

Algorithms for extracting true phase from rotationally-diver...

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conference on Three-Dimensional and multidimensional Microscopy - Image Acquisition and Processing XIII

作者： Preza, Chrysanthe King, Sharon V. Cogswell, Carol J. Washington Univ Dept Elect & Syst Engn 1 Brookings DrBox 1127 St Louis MO 63130 USA Univ Colorado Dept Elect & Comp Engn Boulder CO 80309 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819461326

In this paper, we report on the status of our current algorithms and extensions for improved algorithms for extracting phase from images acquired with differential-interference-contrast (DIC) microscopy. Our algorithms are based on two different approaches for the computation of a specimen's phase function or optical path length (OPL) distribution from DIC images. The first approach uses an iterative phase-estimation method that minimizes the I-divergence discrepancy measure using the conjugate-gradient technique to estimate the OPL from multiple DIC images acquired at different specimen rotations. The method is based on the assumption that the specimen does not absorb light. The second approach is a non-iterative method that is based on a geometric-optics model and the phase-shifting technique that allows separation of the amplitude and phase gradient information from DIC images thereby allowing computation of the desired phase from its gradient. We show results from both methods and discuss the tradeoff between complexity (with respect to data-acquisitiona and computation) and accuracy. Our long term goal is to develop a new and improved method based on a combination of our two approaches.

关键词： DIC (Nomarski) microscopy phase estimation phase shifting

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Optimal segmentation of the optic nerve head from stereo retinal images

Optimal segmentation of the optic nerve head from stereo ret...

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Medical Imaging 2006 conference

作者： Merickel, Michael B., Jr. Wu, Xiaodong Sonka, Milan Abramoff, Michael Univ Iowa Dept Elect & Comp Engn Iowa City IA 52242 USA Univ Iowa Dept Radiat Oncol Iowa City IA 52242 USA Univ Iowa Dept Ohthalmol Iowa City IA 52242 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819461865

Early detection of glaucoma is essential to minimizing the risk of visual loss. It has been shown that a good predictor of glaucoma is the cup-to-disc ratio of the optic nerve head. This paper presents a highly automated method to segment the 'rim' (disc) and 'cup' from the optic nerve head in stereo images and calculate the cup-to-disc ratio. In this approach, the optic nerve head is unwrapped in polar coordinates and represented as a graph. Utilizing a novel and efficient graph searching technique for determining globally optimal closed-paths and an intelligent cost function, the rim and the cup are segmented from the stereo images. The results offer a more intuitive quantitative analysis compared to current planimetry-based techniques because the ophthalmologist can view the segmented images along with the derived cup-to-disc ratio.

关键词： image segmentation optic nerve head graph searching optimal border detection

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Optimization of retrospective respiratory-gated high speed micro-CT for free-breathing mice

Optimization of retrospective respiratory-gated high speed m...

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Medical Imaging 2006 conference

作者： Ford, Nancy L. Detombe, Sarah Wheatley, Andrew Holdsworth, David W. Drangova, Maria John P Robarts Res Inst Imaging Res Labs POB 5015 London ON N6A 5K8 Canada Univ Western Ontario Dept Med Biophys London ON N64 5B8 Canada Univ Western Ontario Diagnost Radiol & Nucl Med London ON N64 5B8 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819461865

Technological advances in micro-CT scanners have introduced dynamic, flat-panel scanners, which allow the acquisition of volume images in a few seconds. However, motion artefacts associated with normal respiratory motion arise when imaging the thorax or abdomen. To reduce these artefacts, and the accompanying loss of spatial resolution, and to enable the study of rodent respiratory function, we developed a retrospective respiratory gating technique for volume micro-CT imaging of free-breathing rodents. Anaesthetized male C57BL6 mice were placed in the prone position on a custom-made bed containing an embedded pressure chamber that was connected to a pressure transducer. Inhalation motion caused an increase in the chamber pressure, which was monitored as a surrogate for the respiratory waveform, and measured throughout the scan. Projection images of the mouse thorax were acquired using a GE Locus Ultra micro-CT scanner, at 80 kVp, 50 mA (entrance exposure of approximately 2.7 cGy per rotation), over ten rotations in less than 1 minute. Respiratory gating was performed retrospectively by selecting projections that were obtained during the same portion of the respiratory cycle prior to reconstruction;CT images reconstructed from three to ten rotations were evaluated. The nominal voxel spacing was 0.15 mm. isotropic. images were assessed for image noise, artefacts and measurement accuracy of physiologically relevant structures. These measurements showed no significant differences for images reconstructed from projection images from five to ten rotations. The optimum number of rotations for imaging mouse lungs was found to be six, corresponding to a 3 0 second (16.2 cGy) scan.

关键词： volume micro-computed tomography retrospective respiratory gating optimization small-animal imaging lung physiology

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Myocardial physiology measurements using contrast enhanced dynamic computed tomography: Simulation of beam hardening effect

Myocardial physiology measurements using contrast enhanced d...

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Medical Imaging 2006 conference

作者： Cao, Minsong Stantz, Keith M. Liang, Yun Purdue Univ Sch Hlth Sci W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Indiana Univ Sch Med Dept Radiol Bloomington IN 47405 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819461865

initial animal study for quantifying myocardial physiology through contrast-enhanced dynamic x-ray CT suggested that beam hardening (BH) is one of the limiting factors for accurate regional physiology measurement. In this study, a series of simulations were performed to investigate BH deterioration effects and two correction algorithms were adapted to evaluate their efficiency in improving the measurements. The simulation tool consists of a module simulating data acquisition of a real polyenergetic scanner system and a heart phantom with simple geometric objects representing ventricles and myocardium. Each phantom component was modeled with time-varying attenuation coefficients determined by ideal iodine contrast dynamic curves obtained from experimental data or simulation. A compartment model was used to generate the ideal myocardium contrast curve using physiological parameters consistent with measured values. Projection data of the phantom were simulated and reconstructed to produce a sequence of simulated CT images. Simulated contrast dynamic curves were fitted to the compartmental model and the resultant physiological parameters were compared with ideal values to estimate the errors induced by BH artifacts. The simulations yielded similar deterioration patterns of contrast dynamic curves as observed in the initial study. Significant underestimation of left ventricle curves and corruption of regional myocardium curves result in systematic errors of regional perfusion up to approximately 24% and overestimates of fractional blood volume (f(iv)) up to 13%. The correction algorithms lead to significant improvement with perfusion errors reduced to 7% and errors of f(iv) within 2% which shows promise for more robust myocardial physiology measurement.

关键词： myocardial physiology beam hardening simulation dynamic computed tomography systematic error

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Subtraction computed tomographic angiography;Use of pre-contrast images for calcification removal

Subtraction computed tomographic angiography;Use of pre-cont...

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Medical Imaging 2006 conference

作者： Yim, Peter J. Nosher, John L. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch New Brunswick NJ 08903 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819461865

Arterial stenoses may be obscured by calcified atherosclerotic plaque in computed tomographic angiography (CTA). A technique of subtraction computed tomographic angiography (sCTA) for calcification removal is proposed and evaluated in a preliminary manner. In the proposed sCTA method, the examination includes a pre-contrast computed tomogram (pcCT) and a CTA. The pcCT is performed using the CTA scan protocol. Subtraction of the registered pcCT from the CTA is performed after calcifications in the pcCT are registered to the CTA using a piecewise-rigid transformation model. The registration is based on a maximum-cancellation cost-function. Points at the boundary of the artery in the CTA are given a greater weight in the cost function than those towards the center of the artery. sCTA was evaluated using a calcified-artery phantom whose dimensions approximate those of the superficial femoral artery. The phantom represented both calcified plaque surrounding stenotic segments of the artery. pcCT and CTA's were obtained on a 4-multidetector-row CT system with 1.25-mm. slice thickness and 0.7mm in-plane resolution. The phantom was slightly displaced between the pcCT and the CTA. sCTA closely resembled a gold-standard image of the phantom that was obtained with the calcification material removed. The sCTA accurately demonstrated the degree of stenosis and artifacts in the sCTA were minimal. This study demonstrates in a preliminary manner that sCTA is feasible.

关键词： computed tomographic angiography calcification registration

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Classifying pulmonary nodules using dynamic enhanced single slice and multi slice CT images

Classifying pulmonary nodules using dynamic enhanced single ...

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Medical Imaging 2006 conference

作者： Minami, Kazuhiro Kawata, Yoshiki Niki, Noboru Ohmatsu, Hironobu Kusumoto, Masahiko Yamada, Kouzou Kakinuma, Ryuutaro Eguchi, Kenji Mori, Kiyoshi Kaneko, Masahiro Moriyama, Noriyuki Univ Tokushima Dept Opt Sci Tokushima 770 Japan Natl Canc Ctr Hosp East Tokyo Japan Natl Canc Ctr Tokyo Japan Kanagawa Canc Ctr Hosp Kanagawa Japan Natl Canc Ctr Res Ctr Canc Prevent & Screeing Tokyo Japan Tokai Univ Dept Med Hiratsuka Kanagawa Japan Tochigi Canc Ctr Hosp Utsunomiya Tochigi Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0819461865

Pulmonary nodules are classified into three types such as solid, mixed GGO, and pure GGO types on the basis of the visual assessment of CT appearance. In our current study a quantitative classification algorithm has been developed by using volumetric data sets obtained from thin-section CT images. The algorithm can classify the pulmonary nodules into five types (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) on the basis of internal features extracted from CT number histograms inside nodules. We applied dynamic enhanced single slice and multi slice CT images to this classification algorithm and we analyzed it in each type.

关键词： single-slice CT multi-slice CT pulmonary nodules histogram classification dynamic enhanced slice CT

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Structure and function relationship of Zebrafish embryonic heart from confocal microscopy images

Structure and function relationship of Zebrafish embryonic h...

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Medical Imaging 2006 conference

作者： Moghaddam, Abbas N. Forouhara, Arian Liebling, Michael Tsai, Huai-Jen Gharib, Morteza CALTECH Pasadena CA 91125 USA Natl Taiwan Univ Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0819461865

Confocal microscopy enables us to track myocytes in the embryonic zebrafish heart. The Zeiss LSM 5 Live high speed confocal microscope has been used to take optical sections (at 3 mu m intervals and 151 frames per second) through a fluorescently labeled zebrafish heart at two developmental stages (26 and 34 hours post fertilization (hpf)). This data provides unique information allowing us to conjecture on the morphology and biomechanics of the developing vertebrate heart. Nevertheless, the myocytes, whose positions could be determined in a reliable manner, were located sparsely and mostly in one side of the heart tube. This difficulty was overcome using computational methods, that give longitudinal, radial and circumferential displacements of the myocytes as well as their contractile behavior. Applied strain analysis has shown that in the early embryonic heart tube, only the caudal region (near the in-flow) and another point in the middle of the tube can be active;the rest appears to be mostly passive. This statement is based on the delay between major strain and displacement which a material point experiences. Wave-like propagation of all three components of the displacement, especially in the circumferential direction, as well as the almost-periodic changes of the maximum strain support the hypothesis of helical muscle structure embedded in the tube. Changes of geometry in the embryonic heart after several hours are used to verify speculations about the structure based on the earlier images and aforementioned methods.

关键词： cardiac mechanics confocal microscopy Embryonic heart image-based biomechanical models strain structure function

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