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A study investigating automated quantitative analyses of coronary multidetector computed tomography images

A study investigating automated quantitative analyses of cor...

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Medical Imaging 2005 conference

作者： Olszewski, ME Wahle, A Khullar, D Subramanyan, K Sonka, M Univ Iowa Dept Elect & Comp Engn Iowa City IA 52242 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819457205

With the recent, rapid development of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), excitement has built around the possibility of noninvasively imaging the coronary arteries. Whil e the development of hardware and reconstruction technologies have advanced significantly, current image analysis techniques are dominated by manual interpretation using maximum intensity projections and volume rendering. If MDCT is to become the tool that it aims to be, objective, quantitative methods of image analysis will be necessary - not only to facilitate the study of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, but also for the accurate and timely interpretation of clinical data. This study focuses on the interobserver variability associated with the analysis of coronary MDCT images and a method for automatic segmentation of the same images. In the study of interobserver variability, six independent experts manually traced the luminal border in 60 randomly selected vascular cross sections (5 cross section each from: 4 LAD, 4 LCX, and 4 RCA). The images were acquired with an Mx8000 IDT 16-slice MDCT scanner. The mean unsigned difference for all observers was 0.38 +/- 0.26 mm, with an average maximum difference of 1.32 mm. Using the expertly identified luminal borders, an independent standard was created by averaging the six sets of contours. This standard was then used to validate a prototypical automated segmentation system that uses dynamic programming and a knowledge-based cost function to optimally segment the luminal border. The resulting border positioning error was 0.17 +/- 0.12 mm.

关键词： multidetector computed tomography coronary heart disease interobserver variability segmentation

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Computerized measurement of myocardial infarct size on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images

Computerized measurement of myocardial infarct size on contr...

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Medical Imaging 2005 conference

作者： Hsu, LY Kellman, P Natanzon, A Hirsch, GA Aletras, AH Arai, AE NHLBI Cardiac Energet Lab NIH Bethesda MD 20892 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819457205

Purpose: To validate a computer algorithm for measuring myocardial infarct size on gadolinium enhanced MR images. The results of computer infarct sizing are studied on phase-sensitive and magnitude imaging against a histopathology reference. Materials and Methods: Validations were performed in 9 canine myocardial infarctions determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). The algorithm analyzed the pixel intensity distribution within manually traced myocardial regions. Pixels darker than an automatically determined threshold were first excluded from further analysis. Selected image features were used to remove false positive regions. A threshold 50% between bright and dark regions was then used to minimize partial volume errors. Post-processing steps were applied to identify microvascular obstruction. Both phase sensitive and magnitude reconstructed MR images were measured by the computer algorithm in units of % of the left ventricle (LV) infarction and compared to TTC. Results: Correlations of MR and TTC infarct size were 0.96 for both phase sensitive and magnitude imaging. Bland Altman analysis showed no consistent bias as a function of infarct size. The average error of computer infarct sizing was less than 2% of the LV for both reconstructions. Fixed intensity thresholding was less accurate compared to the computer algorithm. Conclusions: MR can accurately depict myocardial infarction. The proposed computer algorithm accurately measures infarct size on contrast-enhanced MR images against the histopathology reference. It is effective for both phase-sensitive and magnitude imaging.

关键词： myocardial infarction magnetic resonance imaging computer quantification

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Computational modeling of cerebral aneurysms in arterial networks reconstructed from multiple 3D rotational angiography images

Computational modeling of cerebral aneurysms in arterial net...

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Medical Imaging 2005 conference

作者： Castro, MA Putman, CM Cebral, JR George Mason Univ Sch Computat Sci Fairfax VA 22030 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819457205

Previous patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of cerebral aneurysms constructed from 3D rotational angiography have been limited to aneurysms with a single route of blood flow. However, there are numerous aneurysms that accept blood flow from more than one avenue of flow such as aneurysms in the anterior communicating artery. Although the anatomy of these aneurysms could be visualized with other modalities such as CTA and MRA, cerebral rotational angiography has the highest resolution, and is therefore the preferred modality for vascular CFD modeling. The purpose of this paper is to present a novel methodology to construct personalized CFD models of cerebral aneurysms with multiple feeding vessels from multiple rotational angiography images. The methodology is illustrated with two examples: a model of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm constructed from bilateral rotational angiography images, and a model of the complete circle of Willis of a patient with five cerebral aneurysms. In addition, a sensitivity analysis of the intraaneurysmal flow patterns with respect to mean flow balance in the feeding vessels was performed. It was found that the flow patterns strongly depend on the geometry of the aneurysms and the connected vessels, but less on the changes in the flow balance. These types of models are important for studying the hemodynamics of cerebral aneurysms and further our understanding of the disease progression and rupture, as well as for simulating the effect of surgical and endovascular interventions.

关键词： cerebral aneurysms arterial networks rotational angiography computational fluid dynamics hemodynamics

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Quantitative interpretation of multi-spectral fundus images

Quantitative interpretation of multi-spectral fundus images

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Medical Imaging 2005 conference

作者： Styles, IB Claridge, E Orihuela-Espina, F Calcagni, A Gibson, JM Univ Birmingham Sch Comp Sci Birmingham B15 2TT W Midlands England

ISBN: (纸本)0819457205

Multi-spectral imaging of the ocular fundus suffers from three main problems: the image must be taken through an aperture (the pupil), meaning that the absolute light intensity at the fundus cannot be known;long acquisition times are not feasible due to patient discomfort;patient movement can lead to loss of image quality. These difficulties have meant that multi-spectral imaging of the fundus has not yet seen wide application. We have developed a new method for optimizing the multi-spectral imaging process which also allows us to derive semi-quantitative information about the structure and properties of the fundus. We acquire images in six visible spectral bands and use these to deduce the concentration and distribution of the known absorbing compounds in the fundus: blood haemoglobins in the retina and choroid, choroidal melanin, RPE melanin and xanthophyll. The optimisation process and parameter recovery uses a Monte Carlo model of the spectral reflectance of the fundus, parameterised by the concentrations of the absorbing compounds. The model is used to compute the accuracy with which the values of the model parameters can be deduced from an image. Filters are selected to minimise the error in the parameter recovery process. Theoretical investigations suggest that parameters can be recovered with RMS errors of less than 10%. When applied to images of normal subjects, the technique was able to successfully deduce the distribution of xanthophyll in the fundus. Further improvement of the model is required to allow the deduction of other model parameters from images.

关键词： multi-spectral ocular fundus quantitative biomedical optics Monte Carlo

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A model to simulate the mastication motion at the temporomandibular joint

A model to simulate the mastication motion at the temporoman...

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Medical Imaging 2005 conference

作者： Villamil, MB Nedel, LP Freitas, CMDS Maciel, A Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul Inst Informat Porto Alegre RS Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)0819457205

The understanding of the mastication system motion is essential to maxillofacial surgeons and dentists in the procedures concerning jaw and teeth corrections. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ), despite its complexity, is one of the most frequently used joints of the human body. The incidence of a great number of injuries in this joint is influenced not only by its regular use during the mastication, but also by the strong forces applied by the muscles and the wide range of movements it is capable to perform. In this work, we propose the development of a jaw simulator capable of reproducing the complete mastication movement. Our jaw simulator is basically composed by three triangle meshes representing the 3D model of the cranium, mandible and teeth;and an anatomically-based joint model conceived to represent the TMJ motion. The polygonal meshes describing the bones and teeth are obtained from CT images and the jaw motion is simulated using the joint model guided by a 3D motion curve obtained from the composition of the standard 2D curves available in the medical literature. The scale, height and width of these original curves are modified to simulate different kind and size of food and to represent the movements' variability depending on patient morphology (teeth, bones, joints and muscles). The evaluation of preliminary results involved the comparison of a dynamic MRI of a healthy person with the respective simulation.

关键词： joints simulation motion synthesis 3D reconstruction from medical images

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Using 3-D OFEM for movement correction and quantitative evaluation in dynamic cardiac NH₃PET images

Using 3-D OFEM for movement correction and quantitative eval...

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Medical Imaging 2005 conference

作者： Lin, HD Yang, BH Chen, CH Wu, LC Liu, RS Chung, BT Lin, KP Chung Yuan Christian Univ Dept Elect Engn Chungli 32023 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0819457205

Various forms of cardiac pathology, such as myocardial ischemia and infarction, can be characterized with (NH3)-N-13-PET images. In clinical situation, polar map (bullseye image), which derived by combining images from multiple planes (designated by the circle around the myocardium in the above images), so that information of the entire myocardium can be displayed in a single image for diagnosis. However, image artifact problem always arises from body movement or breathing motion in image acquisition period and results in indefinite myocardium disorder region shown in bullseye image. In this study, a 3-D motion and movement correction method is developed to solve the image artifact problem to improve the accuracy of diagnostic bullseye image. The proposed method is based on 3-D optical flow estimation method (OFEM) and cooperates with the particular dynamic imaging protocol, which snaps serial PET images (10 frames) in later half imaging period. The 3-D OFEM assigns to each image point in the visual 3-D flow velocity field, which associates with the non-rigid motion of the time-varying brightness of a sequence of images. It presents vectors of corresponding images position between frames for motion correction. To validate the performance of proposed method, 10 normal and 20 abnormal whole-body dynamic PET imaging studies were applied, and the results show that the bullseye images, which generated by corrected images, present clear and definite tissue region for clinical diagnosis.

关键词： (NH3)-N-13-PET polar map bullseye 3-D OFEM

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A segmentation method for 3D visualization of neurons imaged witha confocal laser scanning microscope

A segmentation method for 3D visualization of neurons imaged...

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Medical Imaging 2005 conference

作者： Anderson, JR Barrett, SF Wilcox, MJ Univ Wyoming Laramie WY 82071 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819457205

Our understanding of the world around us is based primarily on three-dimensional information because of the environment in which we live and interact. Medical or biological image information is often collected in the form of two-dimensional, serial section images. As such, it is difficult for the observer to mentally reconstruct the three dimensional features of each object. Although many image rendering software packages allow for 3D views of the serial sections, they lack the ability to segment, or isolate different objects in the data set. Segmentation is the key to creating 3D renderings of distinct objects from serial slice images, like separate pieces to a puzzle. This paper describes a segmentation method for objects recorded with serial section images. The user defines threshold levels and object labels on a single image of the data set that are subsequently used to automatically segment each object in the remaining images of the same data set, while maintaining boundaries between contacting objects. The performance of the algorithm is verified using mathematically defined shapes. It is then applied to the visual neurons of the housefly, Musca domestica. Knowledge of the fly's visual system may lead to improved machine visions systems. This effort has provided the impetus to develop this segmentation algorithm. The described segmentation method can be applied to any high contrast serial slice data set that is well aligned and registered. The medical field alone has many applications for rapid generation of 3D segmented models from MRI and other medical imaging modalities.

关键词： object segmentation 3D visualization reconstruction of serial section images

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Image-based computational fluid dynamics in blood vessel models: Toward developing a prognostic tool to assess cardiovascular function changes in prolonged space flights

Image-based computational fluid dynamics in blood vessel mod...

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Medical Imaging 2005 conference

作者： Chatzimavroudis, GP Spirka, TA Setser, RM Myers, JG Cleveland State Univ Dept Chem & Biomed Engn Cleveland OH 44115 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819457205

One of NASA's objectives is to be able to perform a complete pre-flight evaluation of possible cardiovascular changes in astronauts scheduled for prolonged space missions. Blood flow is an important component of cardiovascular function. Lately, attention has focused on using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze flow with realistic vessel geometries. MRI can provide detailed geometrical information and is the only clinical technique to measure all three spatial velocity components. The objective of this study was to investigate the reliability of MRI-based model reconstruction for CFD simulations. An aortic arch model and a carotid bifurcation model were scanned in a 1.5T MRI scanner. Axial MRI acquisitions provided images for geometry reconstruction using different resolution settings. The vessel walls were identified and the geometry was reconstructed using existing software. The geometry was then imported into a commercial CFD package for meshing and numerical solution. MRI velocity acquisitions provided true inlet boundary conditions for steady flow, as well as three-directional velocity data at several locations. In addition, an idealized version of each geometry was created from the model drawings. Contour and vector plots of the velocity showed identical features between the MRI velocity data, the MRI-based CFD data, and the idealized-geometry CFD data, with mean differences < 10 %. CFD results from different MRI resolution settings did not show significant differences (< 5 %). This study showed quantitatively that reliable CFD simulations can be performed in models reconstructed from MRI acquisitions and gives evidence that a future, subject-specific, computational evaluation of the cardiovascular system is possible.

关键词： magnetic resonance velocity-encodcd MRI computational fluid dynamics aortic arch carotid bifurcation

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In-vivo motion analysis of bi-ventricular hearts from tagged MR images

In-vivo motion analysis of bi-ventricular hearts from tagged...

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Medical Imaging 2005 conference

作者： Park, K Axel, L Metaxas, DN Univ Penn Dept Comp & Informat Sci Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819457205

We conduct experiments to look at the in-vivo cardiac motion during systole, to visualize heart contraction, and to examine the clinical usefulness. Our model-based technique incorporates subject-specific modeling, motion analysis and the extraction of clinically relevant parameters within one framework. Previous bi-ventricular model based method could only handle up to the mid-ventricles and have a few test-subjects. Our parameterized model includes the LV, RV and up to the basal area for full ventricular motion study. Finite element methods capture cardiac motion by tracking the material points from tagged Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. A number of experiments from ten subjects are evaluated and analyzed. We tested subject several times and compared the resulting parameters to ensure the reproducibility and deviations. The resulting parameters can be used to describe the cardiac motion of normal subjects. The patterns of normal subjects were derived from experiments. While significant shape and motion variations were apparent in normal subjects, the quantitative analysis show typical patterns. Generally, the basal area moves downwards and the apical area contracts towards the cavity. The principal strain analysis describes the directions and magnitudes of maximum shortening, and maximum thickening.

关键词： Motion models Heart Motion analysis Magnetic resonance imaging Strain analysis Image segmentation In vivo imaging Data modeling Finite element methods Magnetic tracking

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A method for detecting colonic polyps using curve fitting from 3D abdominal CT images

A method for detecting colonic polyps using curve fitting fr...

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Medical Imaging 2005 conference

作者： Kitasaka, T Mori, K Kimura, T Hayashi, Y Suenaga, Y Toriwaki, JI Nagoya Univ Grad Sch Informat Sci Nagoya Aichi 464 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0819457205

This paper proposes a method for detecting colonic-polyp candidates from 3-D abdominal CT images based on curvatures calculated from curve fitting results. The proposed method can detect polyp candidates with a very low false-positive rate. Development of a computer aided detection (CAD) system for colonic polyps is expected to be continue due to significant increase of colonic cancers in Japan. Many research groups have reported methods for detecting colonic polyp candidates based on curvatures on colonic walls. However, because they approximated the first and second-order derivatives, which are required for computing curvatures, by using intensity differentiation, detection results were significantly influenced by noise and included many false-positives. To reduce false-positives, we propose a method for geometrically calculating curvatures based on curve-fitting to iso-intensity points. First the colonic wall region is segmented by using a region-growing method from original images. For each point on the colonic wall (target point), we find iso-intensity points around the given processing area by using linear-interpolation. Curve fitting to the obtained points is performed by using a least squared error method, and the size of the processing area is automatically adjusted during the curve fitting process. The curvature of the target point is calculated from the first and second derivatives of the obtained curve, after which the shape index and curvedness are calculated. We extract points whose shapes are classified as convex and within the predefined curvedness. Colonic polyp candidates are obtained by performing connected component analysis including small component elimination. The proposed method was applied to a noisy artificial-figure image and abdominal CT images. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method detected a few false-positives while maintaining 100% true positive rate, whereas the previous method generated 10 FPs under the same experim

关键词： computer aided detection colon curvature fitting virtual colonoscopy

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