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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Physiology and Function from Multidimensional Images"

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A system for the analysis of whole-bone strength from helical CT images

A system for the analysis of whole-bone strength from helica...

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Medical Imaging 2004 conference

作者： Camp, JJ Karwoski, RA Stacy, MC Atkinson, EJ Khosla, S Melton, LJ Riggs, BL Robb, RA Mayo Clin Endocrine Res Unit Rochester MN 55976 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819452823

Osteoporosis affects an estimated 44 million Americans. This condition results from bone loss, but the measured change in bone mass does not fully account for the marked decrease in whole-bone structural integrity seen in osteoporosis. In order to study structural changes in bone mineral distribution due to normal ageing and osteoporosis, we have developed a method for progressive analysis of whole-bone mechanical integrity from helical CT images. The system provides rapid semi-automated alignment of femur and vertebrae volume images into standard anatomic reference planes, and calculates bone mineral density in any selected 3D sections of bone. Mineral density measures are obtained using both full-width-half-max contours and threshold-derived masks, and are obtained for cortical bone and trabecular bone separately. Biomechanical properties of the bone cross-section are also assessed, including the 2-D bending moment of the cortical bone region and the integrated flexural rigidity of the cortical region or whole-bone region in arbitrary planes. This method facilitates progressive refinement of the analysis protocol by separating the labor-intensive alignment and landmark selection process from the analysis process. As the analysis protocol evolves to include new measures, previously analyzed images can be automatically reanalyzed, using the image regions originally specified. Initial results show inverse correlation of indices of biomechanical bone strength with age, greater loss of bone strength in the lumbar spine than in the femoral neck, and more trabecular than cortical bone loss at both sites.

关键词： osteoporosis bone biomechanics bending rigidity compressive rigidity bone mineral density QCT

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Reproducibility of physiologic parameters obtained using functional computed tomography in mice

Reproducibility of physiologic parameters obtained using fun...

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Medical Imaging 2004 conference

作者： Krishnamurthi, G Stantz, KM Steinmetz, R Hutchins, GD Liang, Y Purdue Univ Sch Hlth Sci W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819452823

High-speed X-ray computed tomography (CT) has the potential to observe the transport of iodinated radio-opaque contrast agent (CA) through tissue enabling the quantification of tissue physiology in organs and tumors. The concentration of Iodine in the tissue and in the left ventricle is extracted as a function of time and is fit to a compartmental model for physiologic parameter estimation. The reproducibility of the physiologic parameters depend on the (1) The image-sampling rate. According to our simulations 5-second sampling is required for CA injection rates of 1.0ml/min (2) the compartmental model should reflect the real tissue function to give meaning results. In order to verify these limits a functional CT study was carried out in a group of 3 mice. Dynamic CT scans was performed on all the mice with 0.5ml/min, 1ml/min and 2ml/min CA injection rates. The physiologic parameters were extracted using 4 parameter and 6 parameter two compartmental models (2CM). Single factor ANOVA did not indicate a significant difference in the perfusion, in the kidneys for the different injection rates. The physiologic parameter obtained using the 6-parameter 2CM model was in line with literature values and the 6-parameter significantly improves chi-square goodness of fits for two cases.

关键词： Tissues Kidney Heart Capillaries Computed tomography Tumors physiology Picosecond phenomena Iodine X-ray computed tomography

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Investigating the physiology of brain activation with MRI

Investigating the physiology of brain activation with MRI

引用

Medical Imaging 2004 conference

作者： Buxton, RB Uludag, K Dubowitz, DJ Univ Calif San Diego Ctr Funct MRI La Jolla CA 92093 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819452823

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become a powerful tool for investigating the working human brain based on the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) effect on the MR signal. However, despite the widespread use of fMRI techniques for mapping brain activation, the basic physiological mechanisms underlying the observed signal changes are still poorly understood. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) techniques, which measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the BOLD effect simultaneously, provide a useful tool for investigating these physiological questions. In this paper, recent results of studies manipulating the baseline CBF both pharmacologically and physiologically will be discussed. These data are consistent with a feed-forward mechanism of neurovascular coupling, and suggest that the CBF change itself may be a more robust reflection of neural activity changes than the BOLD effect. Consistent with these data, a new thermodynamic hypothesis is proposed for the physiological function of CBF regulation: maintenance of the [O-2]/[CO2] concentration ratio at the mitochondria in order to preserve the free energy available from oxidative metabolism. A kinetic model based on this hypothesis provides a reasonable quantitative description of the CBF changes associated with neural activity and altered blood gases (CO2 and O-2).

关键词： functional MRI (fMRI) Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) cerebral blood flow (CBF) cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen metabolism (CMRO2) neurovascular coupling

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Rapid and automatic detection of brain tumors in MR images

Rapid and automatic detection of brain tumors in MR images

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Medical Imaging 2004 conference

作者： Wang, ZJ Hu, QM Loe, K Aziz, A Nowinski, WL Inst Infocomm Res Biomed Imaging Lab Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)0819452823

An algorithm to automatically detect brain tumors in MR images is presented. The key concern is speed in order to process efficiently large brain image databases and provide quick outcomes in clinical setting. The method is based on study of asymmetry of the brain. Tumors cause asymmetry of the brain, so we detect brain tumors in 3D MR images using symmetry analysis of image grey levels with respect to the midsagittal plane (MSP). The MSP, separating the brain into two hemispheres, is extracted using our previously developed algorithm. By removing the background pixels, the normalized grey level histograms are calculated for both hemispheres. The similarity between these two histograms manifests the symmetry of the brain, and it is quantified by using four symmetry measures: correlation coefficient, root mean square error, integral of absolute difference (IAD), and integral of normalized absolute difference (INAD). A quantitative analysis of brain normality based on 42 patients with tumors and 55 normals is presented. The sensitivity and specificity of IAD and INAD were 83.3% and 89.1%, and 85.7% and 83.6%, respectively. The running time for each symmetry measure for a 3D 8bit MR data was between 0.1 - 0.3 seconds on a 2.4GHz CPU PC.

关键词： brain tumor detection MRI midsagittal plane correlation coefficient root mean square error integral of absolute difference variational distance

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Morphometric analysis of cerebral ventricular system from MR images

Morphometric analysis of cerebral ventricular system from MR...

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Medical Imaging 2004 conference

作者： Aziz, A Hu, QM Nowinski, WL Inst Infocomm Res Biomed Res Lab Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)0819452823

Cerebrospinal fluid filled ventricular system is an essential part of brain. The volume, shape and size of this ventricular system remain more or less constant and various pathologies directly or indirectly affect them. Morphometric analysis of cerebral ventricular system is important for evaluating changes due to growth, aging, intrinsic and extrinsic pathologies. Previous quantification efforts using ex vivo techniques suffered considerable error due to deformation of slices during sectioning, and numerous other factors. In vivo studies using air or contrast media also introduce volumetric changes in the ventricles thus giving erroneous quantitative information. Imaging of ventricular anatomy avoids these problems and allows repetitive studies following progression of ventricular system changes due to disease or natural processes. We have developed a methodology for automated extraction of ventricular system from MR neuroimages. Once extracted, landmarks are located on the surface of ventricular system automatically. These landmarks are then used for calculation of the ventricular shape, volume and size. A total of 20 brain ventricular systems were analyzed. The morphometric dimensions of the ventricles are presented in this paper. This study forms an initial basis for more advanced work on ventricular segmentation and morphometry.

关键词： brain cerebral ventricles morphometry anthropology hydrocephalous normal dimensions of ventricles

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Automated segmentation of pulmonary vascular tree from 3D CT images

Automated segmentation of pulmonary vascular tree from 3D CT...

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Medical Imaging 2004 conference

作者： Shikata, H Hoffman, EA Sonka, M Univ Iowa Dept Radiol Iowa City IA 52242 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819452823

This paper describes an algorithm for automated segmentation of pulmonary vessels from thoracic 3D CT images. The lung region is roughly extracted based on thresholding and labeling in order to reduce computational cost in the following filtering step. Vessels are enhanced by application of a line-filter, which is based on a combination of eigen values of a Hessian matrix to provide higher response to vessels compared with the other structures. Initial segmentation is performed by thresholding of the filter output. Since extracted vessels may contain tiny holes and local discontinuities between segments, especially around branchpoints, tracking algorithm is used to fill these gaps. Though the results may still contain not only vessels but also parts of airway walls and noise, such structures can be eliminated by considering the number of branchpoints associated with each structure since vascular trees are characterized as objects with many branchpoints. Therefore, a thinning algorithm is applied to determine the number of branchpoints and the final segmentation is obtained by thresholding with regard to the number of branchpoints. We applied the algorithm to five healthy human scans and obtained visually promising results. In order to evaluate our segmentation results quantitatively, approximately 2,000 manually identified points inside the vascular tree were selected in each case to check how many were correctly included in the segmentation result. On average, 98% of the manually identified vessel points were properly marked as vessels. This result demonstrates the promising performance of our algorithm and its utility for further analyses.

关键词： segmentation pulmonary vessel Hessian matrix tracking branchpoint

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Joint prior models of neighboring objects for 3D image segmentation

Joint prior models of neighboring objects for 3D image segme...

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conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： Jing Yang J.S. Duncan Departments of Electrical Engineering and Diagnostic Radiology Yale University New Heaven CT USA

This paper presents a novel method for 3D image segmentation, where a Bayesian formulation, based on joint prior knowledge of multiple objects, along with information derived from the input image, is employed. Our method is motivated by the observation that neighboring structures have consistent locations and shapes that provide configurations and context that aid in segmentation. In contrast to the work presented earlier, we define a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation model using the joint prior information of the multiple objects to realize image segmentation, which allows multiple objects with clearer boundaries to be reference objects to provide constraints in the segmentation of difficult objects. To achieve this, multiple signed distance functions are employed as representations of the objects in the image. We introduce a representation for the joint density function of the neighboring objects, and define joint probability distribution over the variations of objects contained in a set of training images. By estimating the MAP shapes of the objects, we formulate the joint shape prior models in terms of level set functions. We found the algorithm to be robust to noise and able to handle multidimensional data. Furthermore, it avoids the need for point correspondences during the training phase. Results and validation from various experiments on 2D/3D medical images are demonstrated.

关键词： Image segmentation Shape Bayesian methods Density functional theory Probability distribution Level set Noise robustness Multi-stage noise shaping multidimensional systems Biomedical imaging

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Estimation of ultrasound attenuation coefficient using log-spectrum domain processing

Estimation of ultrasound attenuation coefficient using log-s...

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Annual International conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： R. Jirik T. Taxt J. Jan Department of Biomedical Engineering Brno University of Technology Brno Czech Republic Department of Physiology University of Bergen Bergen Norway

Ultrasound attenuation coefficient is an important diagnostic parameter in medical ultrasonography. Furthermore, it is a parameter of a component related to the attenuation process of the space-variant point spread function, which can be used to improve the spatial resolution of ultrasound images through deconvolution. A recently published approach to the estimation of the ultrasound attenuation coefficient from B-scan radiofrequency data is extended and explained in a detail. First, a parametric image of the mean attenuation coefficients between the probe and a given pixel position is computed by applying linear regression to log-spectra of short segments of radiofrequency signals. Three methods of forming the parametric image are presented. As a second step, the local tissue-specific attenuation coefficients are estimated in small regions of the obtained parametric image. The method has been tested on synthetic radiofrequency data and on radiofrequency data recorded from a tissue-mimicking phantom. A fairly good correlation with the known reference values was achieved.

关键词： Ultrasonic imaging Attenuation Radio frequency Biomedical imaging Medical diagnostic imaging Ultrasonography Spatial resolution Deconvolution Probes Pixel

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Image estimation accounting for point-spread function depth variation in three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy

Image estimation accounting for point-spread function depth ...

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conference on 3-Dimensional and multidimensional Microscopy - Image Acquisition and Processing X

作者： Preza, C Conchello, JA Washington Univ Dept Elect Engn St Louis MO 63130 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819447641

An approximate model for optical-sectioning microscopy describing depth-varying imaging is developed. The model incorporates changes in the point-spread function due to refractive index mismatch between the immersion medium and the specimen. which causes spherical aberration that worsens with increasing depth tinder the coverslip. Comparison of model predictions to measured images from a bead phantom shows that the approximate model captures the main features in the data. The model presented in this paper is the first step towards depth-variant image estimation for optical-sectioning microscopy. An expectation maximization algorithm for maximum-likelihood restoration based on this model is also presented.

关键词： 3D microscopy depth-variant imaging model maximum likelihood estimation

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Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Array Programming Languages: Stretching the Mind, APL 2003

Proceedings of the 2003 Conference on Array Programming Lang...

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2003 conference on Array Programming Languages: Stretching the Mind, APL 2003

ISBN: (纸本)1581136684

The proceedings contain 14 papers. The topics discussed include: simulating ordered GRB color triples using J to create images with gradients in both hue and value;multidimensional corporate analysis: analytical and graphical approaches;NAVPLANR - flight planning software for pilots;BITSLICE: representation without taxation;useful formulas for multidimensional arrays;an algorithm to compute all full-span sub arrays of a regular array;a new 'dual-view' diagram of array structure;a generating function that counts the combinatorial full-span sub array structure of a regular array with some applications to APL;interesting inner-product scans;finite group tables in APL;instructor - a new technique of guiding the user in simulation software;simulated APL session manager;and bit arrays from row and column sums.

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