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Noninvasive functional cardiac electrical source imaging - Combining MRI and ECG mapping for imaging electrical function

Noninvasive functional cardiac electrical source imaging - C...

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Medical Imaging 2002 conference

作者： Tilg, B Modre, R Fischer, G Hanser, F Messnarz, B Schocke, MFH Kremser, C Roithinger, FX Univ Hlth Informat & Technol Tyrol A-6020 Innsbruck Austria

ISBN: (纸本)0819444286

Inverse electrocardiography has been developing for several years. By coupling electrocardiographic mapping and 3D+time anatomical data, the electrical excitation sequence can be imaged completely noninvasively in the human heart. In this study, a bidomain theory based surface heart model activation time imaging approach was applied to single beat data of atrial and ventricular depolarization. For sinus and paced rhythms, the sites of early activation and the areas with late activation were estimated with sufficient accuracy. In particular for focal arrhythmias, this model-based imaging approach might allow the guidance and evaluation of antiarrhythmic interventions, for instance, in case of catheter ablation or drug therapy.

关键词： medical imaging human heart transmembrane potential activation time electrocardiography nonlinear ill-posed inverse problem magnetic resonance imaging

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Dynamic MR mammography: multidimensional visualization of contrast enhancement in virtual reality

Dynamic MR mammography: Multidimensional visualization of co...

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Medical Imaging 2002 conference

作者： Hellwig, G Englmeier, KH Griebel, J Lucht, R Delorme, S Siebert, M Brix, G GSF Inst Med Informat Neuherberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819444286

The purpose of this study was the development of a method for fast and efficient analysis of dynamic MR images of the female breast. The image data sets were acquired with a saturation-recovery turbo-FLASH sequence facilitating the detection of the kinetics of the contrast agent concentration in the whole breast with a high temporal and spatial resolution. In addition, a morphological 3D-FLASH data set was acquired. The dynamic image data sets were analyzed by tracer kinetic modeling in order to describe the physiological processes underlying the contrast enhancement in mathematical terms and thus to enable the estimation of functional tissue specific parameters, reflecting the status of microcirculation. In order to display morphological and functional tissue information simultaneously, we developed a multidimensional visualization system, which enables a practical and intuitive human-computer interface in virtual reality. The quality of real-time volume visualization (using 3D-texture mapping) mainly depends on two factors: number and spatial resolution of the sampling slices. Furthermore, to allow the representation of both the MR signal and the relevant set of model parameters, an adaptation of these quantities to the size of the texture element might be necessary. Detection and localization of multiple breast lesions may be an important application.

关键词： breast imaging MR mammography pharmacokinetic modeling (real-time) 3D-visualization virtual reality

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Camera motion tracking of real bronchoscope using epipolar geometry analysis and CT derived bronchoscopic images

Camera motion tracking of real bronchoscope using epipolar g...

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Medical Imaging 2002 conference

作者： Deguchi, D Mori, K Hasegawa, J Toriwaki, J Takabatake, H Natori, H Nagoya Univ Grad Sch Engn Dept Informat Engn Nagoya Aichi Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0819444286

This paper describes a method to track camera motion of a real endoscope by using epipolar geometry analysis and CT derived virtual endoscopic images. A navigation system for a flexible endoscope guides medical doctors by providing navigation information during endoscope examinations. One of the fundamental functions of the System is to track endoscope camera motion continuously. This paper tries to estimate the motion from an endoscopic video image based on epipolar geometry analysis and image registration between virtual endoscopic (VE) and real endoscopic (RE) images. The method consists of three parts: (a) direct estimation of camera motion by using epipolar geometry analysis, (b) precise estimation by using image registration, and (c) detection of bubble frames for avoiding miss-registration. First we calculate optical flow patterns obtained from two consecutive frames. The camera motion is computed by substituting the obtained flows into the epipolar equations. Then we find the observation parameter of a virtual endoscopy system that generates the most similar endoscopic view to the current real endoscopic frame. This process is achieved by finding a parameter that maximizes similarity between VE and RE views. VE images are generated from X-ray CT images by using volume rendering and surface rendering methods. The search area of the maximization process is reduced by using the result of the epipolar geometry analysis. We execute these processes for all frames of RE videos except for frames where bubbles appear. We applied the proposed method to RE videos of three patients who have CT images. The experimental results show the method can track camera motion for over 500 frames continuously in the best case.

关键词： endoscope navigation system image registration image-guided examination epipolar geometry virtual endoscopy virtual bronchoscopy biopsy

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Assessment of carotid diameter and wall thickness in ultrasound images using active contours improved by a multiresolution technique

Assessment of carotid diameter and wall thickness in ultraso...

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Medical Imaging 2002 conference

作者： Gutierrez, MA Pilon, PE Lage, SG Kopel, L Carvalho, RT Furuie, SS Univ Sao Paulo Med Sch Hosp Heart Inst InCor BR-05403000 Sao Paulo Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)0819444286

Carotid vessel ultrasound imaging is a reliable non-invasive technique to measure the arterial morphology. Vessel diameter, intima-media thickness (IMT) of the far wall and plaque presence can be reliably determined using B-mode ultrasound. In this paper we describe a semi-automatic approach to measure artery diameter and IMT based on an active contour technique improved by a multiresolution analysis. The operator selects a region-of-interest (ROI) in a series of carotid images obtained from B-mode ultrasound. This set of images is convolved with the corresponding partial derivatives of the Gaussian filter. The filter response is used to compute a 2D gradient magnitude image in order to refine the vessel's boundaries. Using an active contour technique the vessel's border is determined automatically. The near wall media-adventitia (NWMA), far wall media:-adventitia (FWMA) and far wall lumen-intima (FWLI) borders are obtained by a least-square fitting of the active contours result. The distance between NWMA and FWLI (vessel diameter) and between FWLI and FWMA (far wall intima-media thickness) are obtained for all images and the mean value is computed during systole and diastole. The proposed method is a reliable and reproducible way of assessing the vessel diameter and far wall intima-media thickness of the carotid artery.

关键词： artery boundary detection active contours image processing ultrasonic images

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Local entropy estimation in particle velocity images using histogram deconvolution

Local entropy estimation in particle velocity images using h...

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conference on Image Processing - Algorithms and Systems

作者： Marjanen, K Ihalainen, H Huttunen, H Yli-Harja, O Tampere Univ Technol FIN-33101 Tampere Finland

ISBN: (纸本)0819444073

Local entropy estimates can be useful in segmentation of Particle Image Velocimeter (PIV) images. Image intensity combined with local entropy estimates forms basis for bubble detection. The acquired images are corrupted by additive noise with fixed density function. Local entropy estimate of the original image can be extracted from the noisy image if noise distribution is known a priori. A new approach to the problem of local entropy estimation in noisy images is presented. We presume that our original image is corrupted by additive i.d.d. noise from an ergodic source. The noise thus comes from a source that has a fixed density function, which can be approximated by taking histogram over the noise image. Now the histogram of the observed image, can be approximated by convolving the histogram of the original with the noise density (or its approximation). Now, in principle, it is possible extract the histogram of the original image by a blind deconvolution and removing the effect of noise. In many cases, it is also possible to utilise a priori information of the noise process. Local histogram deconvolutions with different window sizes and histogram bin numbers are performed. It is found that with careful implementation the resulting entropy estimates improve the estimates based on noisy image. We expect that the proposed method will prove to be useful with higher dimensional input data. With multidimensional data the number samples grows rapidly with the window size which improves significantly the density estimates.

关键词： local entropy histogram deconvolution particle image velocimeter

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The use of lexical basis functions to characterize faces, and to measure their perceived similarity 9

The use of lexical basis functions to characterize faces, an...

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9th International conference on Neural Information Processing

作者： Black, JA Kahol, K Kuchi, P Panchanathan, S Arizona State Univ Visual Comp & Commun Lab Tempe AZ 85287 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9810475241

Over the last decade researchers have devised algorithms that can provide similarity measures between pairs of face images. These have been somewhat successful in estimating the similarities between face images under controlled conditions. However, those similarity measures do not parallel subjective similarity, as perceived by humans. In some applications it is important to have a similarity metric that closely parallels that of humans. This paper describes a method for discovering the high-level features that are used by humans to judge facial similarity through the use of "lexical basis functions" gleaned from a lexicon of the English language. This method estimates the similarity of each pair of images in a set of face images by two independent methods - by the subjective evaluation of human observers, and by the use of "lexical basis functions" to represent the multidimensional content of each image with a feature vector. The similarity measure computed with these feature vectors is shown to correlate with the subjective judgment of human observers, and thus provides both a more objective method for evaluating and expressing image content, and a possible path to automating the process of similarity measurement in the future.

关键词： function evaluation

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In-vitro validation of a novel model-based approach to the measurement of arterial blood flow waveforms from dynamic digital x-ray images

In-vitro validation of a novel model-based approach to the m...

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Medical Imaging 2002 conference

作者： Rhode, K Lambrou, T Seifalian, AM Hawkes, DJ Guys Hosp Div Radiol Sci & Med Engn Guys Kings & St Thomas Sch Med London ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819444286

We have developed a waveform. shape model-based algorithm for the extraction of blood flow from dynamic arterial x-ray angiographic images. We have carried out in-vitro validation of this technique. A pulsatile physiological blood flow circuit was constructed using an anthropomorphic cerebral vascular phantom to simulate the cerebral arterial circulation with whole blood as the fluid. Instantaneous recording of flow from an electromagnetic flow meter (EMF) provided the gold standard measurement. Biplane dynamic digital x-ray images of the vascular phantom with injection of contrast medium were acquired at 25 fps using a PC frame capture card with calibration using a Perspex cube. Principal component analysis was used to construct a shape model by collecting 434 flow waveforms from the EMF under varying flow conditions. Blood flow waveforms were calculated from the angiographic data by using our previous concentration-distance curve matching (ORG) algorithm and by using the new model-based (MB) algorithm. Both instantaneous and mean flow values calculated using the MB algorithm showed greater correlation, less bias, and lower variability than those calculated using the ORG algorithm when compared to the EMF values. We have successfully demonstrated that use of a priori waveform. shape information can improve flow measurements from dynamic x-ray angiograms.

关键词： angiography blood flow statistical shape model

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Correlation of neurocognitive function and brain parenchyma volumes in children surviving cancer

Correlation of neurocognitive function and brain parenchyma ...

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Medical Imaging 2002 conference

作者： Reddick, WE White, HA Glass, JO Mulhern, RK St Jude Childrens Res Hosp Dept Diagnost Imaging Memphis TN 38105 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444286

This research builds on our hypothesis that white matter damage and associated neurocognitive symptoms, in children treated for cancer with cranial spinal irradiation, spans a continuum of severity that can be reliably probed using noninvasive MR technology. Quantitative volumetric assessments of MR imaging and psychological assessments were obtained in 40 long-term survivors of malignant brain tumors treated with cranial irradiation. Neurocognitive assessments included a test of intellect (Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale), attention (Conner's Continuous Performance Test), and memory (California Verbal Learning Test). One-sample t-tests were conducted to evaluate test performance of survivors against age-adjusted scores from the test norms;these analyses revealed significant impairments in all apriori selected measures of intelligence, attention, and memory. Partial correlation analyses were performed to assess the relationships between brain tissues volumes (normal appearing white matter (NAWM), gray matter, and CSF) and neurocognitive function. Global intelligence (r = 0.32, p = 0.05) and global attentional (r = 0.49, p < 0.01) were significantly positively correlated with NAWM volumes, whereas global memory was significantly positively correlated with overall brain parenchyma (r = 0.38, p = 0.04). We conclude that quantitative assessment of MR examinations in survivors of childhood cancer treated with cranial irradiation reveal that loss of NAWM is associated with decreased intellectual and attentional deficits, whereas overall parenchyma loss, as reflected by increased CSF and decreased white matter, is associated with memory-related deficits.

关键词： quantitative MR neurotoxicity radiation therapy image processing image segmentation and classification

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Accurate segmentation for quantitative analysis vascular trees in 3D micro-CT images

Accurate segmentation for quantitative analysis vascular tre...

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Medical Imaging 2002: physiology and function from multidimensional images

作者： Riedel, Christian H. Chuah, Siang C. Zamir, Mair Ritman, Erik L. Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics Mayo Clinic 200 First Street SW Rochester MN 55905 United States

Quantitative analysis of the branching geometry of multiple branching-order vascular trees from 3D micro-CT data requires an efficient segmentation algorithm that leads to a consistent, accurate representation of the tree structure. To explore different segmentation techniques, we use isotropic micro-CT-images of intact rat coronary, pulmonary and hepatic opacified arterial trees with cubic voxel-side length of 5-20 micrometer. We implemented an active topology adaptive surface model for segmentation and compared the results from this algorithm with segmentations of the same image data using conventional segmentation methods. Because of the modulation transfer function of the micro-CT scanner, thresholding and region growing techniques usually underestimate small, or overestimate large, vessel diameters depending on the chosen grayscale thresholds. Furthermore, these approaches lack the robustness needed to overcome the effects of typical imaging artifacts, such as image noise at the vessel surfaces, which tend to propagate errors in the analysis of the tree due to its hierarchical nature. Our adaptable surface models include local gray-scale statistics, object boundary and object size information into the segmentation algorithm, thus leading to a higher stability and accuracy of the segmentation process.

关键词： Computerized tomography

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Geometrical and physical models for the recovery of quantitative information from medical image analysis

Geometrical and physical models for the recovery of quantita...

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International conference on Pattern Recognition

作者： J.S. Duncan Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Electrical Engineerg Section of Bio-Imaging Sciences Yak University New Heaven CT USA

Summary form only given. The development of methods to accurately and reproducibly recover useful quantitative information from medical images is often hampered by uncertainties in handling these data related to image acquisition parameters, the variability of normal human anatomy and physiology, the presence of disease or other abnormal conditions, and a variety of other factors. Several image analysis strategies are presented that make use of models based on geometrical and physical/biomechanical information to help constrain the range of possible solutions in the presence of such uncertainty. Included are approaches for image segmentation, object motion tracking, shape/volume measurement, and deformation analysis. These ideas are presented in the context of three problem/application areas within the general field of organ/tissue-level medical image analysis: (i) the characterization of cardiac function from noninvasive 4D image data, (ii) the analysis of neuro-anatomical structure from magnetic resonance images, and (iii) the development of an approach that compensates for brain shift in the image data during image-guided neurosurgery. The talk will include a description of the problem areas and visual examples of the image datasets being used, an overview of the mathematical techniques involved and a presentation of results obtained when analyzing patient image data using these methods.

关键词： Solid modeling Biomedical imaging Image analysis Image motion analysis Magnetic analysis Data analysis Uncertainty Human anatomy physiology Diseases

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