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Effects of coordinate system choice on measured regional myocardial function in short axis cine electron-beam tomography

Effects of coordinate system choice on measured regional myo...

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SPIE Medical Imaging 1995 conference - physiology and function from multidimensional images

作者： REED, J RUMBERGER, J BUITHIEU, J BEHRENBECK, T BREEN, J SHEEDY, P MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN ROCHESTERMN 55904

ISBN: (纸本)0819417815

Following myocardial infarction, the size of the infarcted region and the systolic functioning of the noninfarcted region are commonly assessed by various cross- sectional imaging techniques. A series of images representing successive phases of the cardiac cycle can be acquired by several imaging modalities including electron beam computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and echocardiography. For the assessment of patterns of ventricular contraction, images are commonly acquired of ventricular cross-sections normal to the 'long' axis of the heart and parallel to the mitral valve plane. The endocardial and epicardial surfaces of the myocardium are identified. Then the ventricle is divided into sectors and the volumes of blood and myocardium within each sector at multiple phases of the cardiac cycle are measured. Regional function parameters are derived from these measurements. This generally mandates the use of a polar or cylindrical coordinate system. Various algorithms have been used to select the origin of this coordinate system. These include the centroid of the endocardial surface, the epicardial surface, or of a polygon whose vertices lie midway between the epicardial and endocardial surfaces of the myocardium (centerline method). Another algorithm has been developed in our laboratory. This uses the centroid (or center of mass) of the myocardium exclusive of the ventricular cavity. Each of these choices for origin of coordinate system can be derived from the end- diastolic image or from the end-systolic image. Alternately, new coordinate systems can be selected for each phase of the cardiac cycle. These are referred to as 'floating' coordinate systems. A series of computer models have been developed in our laboratory to study the effects of each of these choices on the regional function parameters of normal ventricles and how these choices effect the quantification of regional abnormalities after myocardial infarction. The most sophisticated of these is

关键词： Heart Tomography Electron beams Image segmentation Computed tomography Computer simulations Echocardiography Magnetic resonance imaging Databases Imaging systems

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Applications of 3-D finite element modeling to the study of ventricular physiology

Applications of 3-D finite element modeling to the study of ...

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SPIE Medical Imaging 1995 conference - physiology and function from multidimensional images

作者： MOULTON, MJ CRESWELL, LL HU, N ACTIS, RL MYERS, KW SZABO, BA PASQUE, MK WASHINGTON UNIV DEPT SURGDIV CARDIOTHORAC SURGST LOUISMO 63110

ISBN: (纸本)0819417815

A 3D, nonlinear finite element (FE) model of the diastolic canine heart was constructed from multislice magnetic resonance images (MRI). The model was solved using the p-version of the FE method to predict stress and deformation in diastole. Finite element models were employed in an 'inverse' problem to estimate the nonlinear material properties of intact diastolic myocardium. Additionally, FE models were employed to examine the effects of RV pressure overload on LV pressure-volume (P- V) relationships in the pathologic heart. A 3D, nonlinear FE model had 1,704 degrees of freedom and 8 elements, it had a maximum principal stress value of 429,127 dynes/cm² and a minimum principal stress of -344,599 dynes/cm² at p equals 6. Average nonlinear material parameters estimated for 6 dogs were E equals 28,722 +/- 15,984 dynes/cm² and c equals 0.00182 +/- 0.00232 cm²/dyne. Examination of the effects of RV pressure increase on LV P-V relationships indicated substantially different effects of RV pressure overload on the different pathologic conditions (p < 0.005 by ANOVA) with increasing RV pressure having a more pronounced effect on the dilated heart than the hypertrophied heart. When the mechanical effects of the pericardium were included in the model, at higher RV pressures, all of the pressure-volume (P-V) curves became similar indicating that at higher RV pressures, the P-V curves were independent of ventricular shape and material properties and depended only on the RV pressure. In conclusion, FE models of the heart were constructed from MRI images of the heart and were employed to study diastolic ventricular function in the normal and pathologic heart.

关键词： Heart 3D modeling Chemical elements Magnetic resonance imaging Finite element methods 3D image processing Mathematical modeling In vivo imaging Data modeling Animal model studies

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Differentiation of constrictive pericarditis from restrictive cardiomyopathy: The case for high-resolution dynamic tomographic imaging

Differentiation of constrictive pericarditis from restrictiv...

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SPIE Medical Imaging 1995 conference - physiology and function from multidimensional images

作者： WEISS, RM OTOADESE, T OREN, RM UNIV IOWA DEPT INTERNAL MEDIOWA CITYIA 52242

ISBN: (纸本)0819417815

The syndrome of constrictive pericarditis (CP) presents a diagnostic challenge to the clinician. This study was undertaken to determine whether cine computed tomography (CT), a cardiac imaging technique with excellent temporal and spatial resolution, can reliably demonstrate the unique abnormalities of pericardial anatomy and ventricular physiology present in patients with this condition. A second goal of this study was to determine whether the presence of diseased thickened pericardium, by itself, imparts cardiac impairment due to abnormalities of ventricular diastolic function. Methods: Twelve patients with CP suspected clinically, in whom invasive hemodynamic study was consistent with the diagnosis of CP, underwent cine CT. They were subdivided into Group 1 (CP, N equals 5) and Group 2 (No CP, N equals 7) based on histopathologic evaluation of tissue obtained at the time of surgery or autopsy. A third group consisted of asymptomatic patients with incidentally discovered thickened pericardium at the time of cine CT scanning: Group 3 (ThP, N equals 7). Group 4 (Nl, N equals 7) consisted of healthy volunteer subjects. Results: Pericardial thickness measurements with cine CT clearly distinguished Group 1 (mean equals 10 +/- 2 mm) from Group 2 (mean equals 2 +/- 1 mm), with diagnostic accuracy of 100% compared to histopathological findings. In addition, patients in Group 1 had significantly more brisk early diastolic filling of both left and right ventricles than those in Group 2, which clearly distinguished all patients with, from all patients without CP. Patients in Group 3 had pericardial thicknesses similar to those in Group 1 (mean equals 9 +/- 1 mm, p equals NS), but had patterns of diastolic ventricular filling that were nearly identical to Group 4 (Nl). Conclusions: The abnormalities of anatomy and ventricular function present in the syndrome of constrictive pericarditis are clearly and decisively identified by cine CT. This allows a reliable distinction betwe

关键词： Computed tomography Heart Tomography Diagnostics Failure analysis Hemodynamics physiology Surgery Nickel Image analysis

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Hemodynamic interpretation of pulmonary arterial tree images

Hemodynamic interpretation of pulmonary arterial tree images

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SPIE Medical Imaging 1995 conference - physiology and function from multidimensional images

作者： DAWSON, CA KRENZ, GS ALTINAWI, A LINEHAN, JH MED COLL WISCONSIN DEPT PHYSIOLMILWAUKEEWI 53295

ISBN: (纸本)0819417815

Various imaging modalities permit direct observation of the pulmonary arterial tree within the intact lung. We have been concerned with finding a means for efficient organization of the data such that they can reveal certain aspects of the hemodynamic function of the tree. Commonly, pulmonary arterial morphometric data have been summarized by grouping the individual vessel segments according to generation or order and then averaging the dimensions within each generation or order. The most effective criteria for grouping has been a question, and some criteria are not applicable to imaging methods having limited resolution. We have considered an alternative approach in which we begin with the concept that the bifurcating, volume filling characteristics of the tree put constraints of the structure such that the assignment of orders or generations may be superfluous. The scale independent, or fractal, appearance of the tree suggests that one might consider the three vessel segments joined at a bifurcation to be the fundamental repeating morphometric unit descriptive of the tree. The analysis is based on the information in the diameters of the three vessels at each bifurcation. These diameters, D₁ the parent vessel diameter, and D₂ and D₃, the two daughter vessel diameters are used to calculate (beta) ₁ which is the harmonic mean of (beta) ₁ equals log2/[log2D₁ - log(D₁ + D₂], where (beta) ₁ is the quantitative descriptor of each bifurcation of the tree. Within the range of resolution of the imaging modality, a statistical sample of the values of (beta) ₁ can provide an estimate of (beta) ₁. To put the utility of (beta) ₁ in perspective, we introduce the concept of cumulative vascular volume, which is the arterial volume upstream from all of the locations within the arterial tree that have the same intravascular pressure. The distribution of

关键词： PULMONARY MICROFOCAL X-RAY ANGIOGRAPHY PULMONARY ARTERIAL MORPHOMETRY

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A 3D bronchial tree model and fractal analysis as tools for the performance evaluation of different CT acquisition reconstruction schemes

A 3D bronchial tree model and fractal analysis as tools for ...

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SPIE Medical Imaging 1995 conference - physiology and function from multidimensional images

作者： QIAN, J MITSA, T SUNDARAMOORTHY, G HOFFMAN, EA UNIV IOWA DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGNIOWA CITYIA 52242

ISBN: (纸本)0819417815

We present an algorithm for the construction of a 3D bronchial tree representation based on an asymmetric dichotomy model proposed by Weibel. The model has a total of ten branch generations and three independent parameters for each branch. The bronchial tree model is constructed by dividing each branch of a generation into two subbranches, except for the first few generations where some branches divided into three subbranches. The bronchial tree model is used as a testground to simulate different CT acquisition/reconstruction schemes and examine the role of CT parameters, such as slice thickness and overlap/spacing, on the measurement of fractal properties of the lung. A digital version of the model with high reso-lution(0.2 mm/pix) is created first. Acquisition schemes are then simulated by dividing this high resolution version of the model into cross-sections and summing one or more cross-sections to form a series of 2D slices. Three acquisition schemes are simulated by choosing different ways to generate these 2D slices. To reconstruct the 3D bronchial tree structure from a series of 2D slices, interpolation is applied between the 2D slices to recover the original volume. Two types of interpolations are used here: (1) slice repetition (2) linear interpolation. Fractal measures of the 3D bronchial tree structure are estimated from the reconstructed images and compared with the same measures from the high resolution model. Since our digital bronchial tree model is a fractal, the difference between the 3D fractal dimensions measured from the high resolution model and the reconstructed volume can provide a measure of the distortions introduced by the CT process. The results show that combination of slice overlap in the acquisition and linear interpolation in the reconstruction step results into the most accurate measurement of the 3D fractal dimension of the bronchial tree structure. © 1995 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： LUNG MODELING 3D FRACTAL DIMENSION SCAN SIMULATION PULMONARY STRUCTURE AND function

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An unsupervised and non-plarametric bayesian image segmentation 8th

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8th International conference on Image Analysis and Processing, ICIAP 1995

作者： Zribi, M. Ghorbel, F. Groupe Recherche Images et Forme Institut National des Télécommunications ENIC-INT cité scientifique Rue G. Marconi Villeneuve d’Ascq59650 France

ISBN: (纸本)3540602984

We propose here an unsupervised Bayesian image segmentation based on a non-parametric Expectation-Maximisation (EM) algorithm. The non-parametric aspect comes from the use of the orthogonal probability density function (pdf) estimation, which is reduced to the estimation of the first Fourier coefficients (FC’s) of the pdf with respect to a given orthogonal basis. So, the mixture identification step based on the maximisation of the likelihood can be realised without hypothesis on the distribution of the conditional pdf. This means that we do not need some assumption for the gray level image pixels distribution. The generalisation to the multivariate case can be obtained by considering the multidimensional orthogonal function basis. In this paper, we intend to give some simulation results for the determination of the smoothing parameter. This algorithm is applied to a contextual image segmentation. Such method conjugated with Bootstrap Sampling allows as the exploration of a large neighbourhood context. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1995.

关键词： Image segmentation

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An emotion processing system based on fuzzy inference and subjective observations

An emotion processing system based on fuzzy inference and su...

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New Zealand International Two-Stream conference on Artificial Neural Networks and Expert Systems

作者： T. Yanaru Department of Electric Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Fukuoka Japan

The two theories concerning mixed emotions, adopted in this research is briefly explained. Also discussed are the image codes linked to the mixed emotional words and the way to realize a mechanism using fuzzy inference, in which the internal emotion of a simulated person reacts on a sequence of inputted terms and evokes some emotional change. The relevant part of the theory for subjective observation model to the application of emotion processing system is briefly explained. The construction methodology of the system, which has two functions, is described; one function is that the evoked emotion is transitive depending on the observation, and the other is that the aggregated emotion by the several subjective observations settles to the objective emotion. Some attractive results obtained from the simulated emotion processing system are shown: what kinds of emotions are evoked, and how the emotional transition is done by subjective observations, when a poem is used for the input signal. Lastly, the more expanded emotional Dialog System is introduced.

关键词： Fuzzy systems Mathematical model Psychology multidimensional systems physiology Signal processing Laboratories Code standards Dictionaries

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Dependence of optical diffusion tomography image quality on image operator and noise

Dependence of optical diffusion tomography image quality on ...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： J. Chang H.L. Graber R.L. Barbour Department of Pathology SUNY Health Science Center Brooklyn USA Physiology and Biophysics SUNY Health Science Center Brooklyn USA Department of Pathology and Physiology and Biophysics SUNY Health Science Center Brooklyn USA

By applying linear perturbation theory to the radiation transport equation, the inverse problem of optical diffusion tomography can be reduced to a set of linear equations, W/sub /spl mu//=R, where W is the weight function, /spl mu/ is the cross section perturbations to be imaged, and R is the detector readings perturbations. The quality of reconstructed images depends on the accuracy of W and R, and was studied by corrupting one or both with systematic error and/or random noise. Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) performed on a cylindrical phantom of 20 mean free paths (mfp) diameter, with and without a black absorber located off-axis, were used to compute R and W (i.e., matched W). Additional MCS computed Ws for cylinders of 10 mfp, 40 mfp, and 100 mfp diameters (i.e., unmatched W). R and/or W also were corrupted with additive white noise. A constrained CGD method the authors developed was used to reconstruct images from the simulated R and Ws. The results show that images containing few artifacts and the rod accurately located can be obtained when the matched W is used. Comparable image quality was obtained for unmatched Ws, but the location of the rod becomes more inaccurate as the mismatch increases. The noise study shows that W is much more sensitive than R to noise. The rod can be reasonably located with 100% noise added to R, while addition of 5% noise to W totally destroys the image. The impact of noise increases with the number of iterations.

关键词： Tomography Image quality Optical sensors Equations Image reconstruction Inverse problems Radiation detectors Imaging phantoms Additive white noise Computational modeling

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Medical Imaging 1994: physiology and function from multidimensional images

Medical Imaging 1994: Physiology and Function from Multidime...

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Medical Imaging 1994: physiology and function from multidimensional images

The proceedings contain 40 papers. The topics discussed include: scan timing considerations in indicator dilution analysis of dynamic CT image sequences;automated detection of wall and plaque borders in intravascular ultrasound images;feasibility of quantitative texture analysis of cardiac magnetic resonance imagery: preliminary results;biomechanical characterization of blood vessel and plaque from intravascular ultrasound images;system for quantitative analysis of coronary calcification via electron beam computed tomography;geometric instability of ultrafast computed tomographic coronary calcium scores due to grey scale non-uniformities;and the affects of particle size, slice thickness and reconstruction algorithm on coronary calcium quantitation using ultrafast computed tomography.

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multidimensional CARDIAC IMAGING IN RETROSPECT

MULTIDIMENSIONAL CARDIAC IMAGING IN RETROSPECT

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conference on physiology and function from multidimensional images

作者： RITMAN, EL MAYO CLIN & MAYO GRAD SCH MED DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYSROCHESTERMN 55905

ISBN: (纸本)0819414638

multidimensional cardiac imaging no doubt has many origins and approaches. In reviewing the topic I would like to elaborate on one of those origins and analyze the technique addressed by the following points: (1) Did multidimensional imaging achieve the original goal (which, in our case, was more accurate estimation of the left ventricular chamber volume)? (2) Is this original goal still important? (3) Has multidimensional cardiac imaging provided new insights, diagnostic, or therapeutic capabilities? Indeed, the development of multidimensional imaging as we know it today provides an example of how a physiological measurement problem led to new measurement approaches that helped answer longstanding questions and that the new approach itself led to new directions of research using both the x ray-based as well as other imaging modalities.

关键词： Heart Cardiac imaging 3D image processing 3D displays Image intensifiers Tomography Image quality 3D metrology Image processing Video

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