Runway incursion is defined by the FAA as "any occurrence at an airport involving an aircraft, vehicle, person or object on the ground that creates collision hazard or results in a loss of separation with an airc...
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Runway incursion is defined by the FAA as "any occurrence at an airport involving an aircraft, vehicle, person or object on the ground that creates collision hazard or results in a loss of separation with an aircraft taking off, intending to take off, landing or intending to land." A summary of how severe this problem is can be found in a 2001 hearing before the Subcommittee on Aviation. Surface Movement radar (SMR) technology has evolved over the years as part of an effort to mitigate runway incursion risks and enhance airport capacity. Surface movement surveillance systems of various types have been installed in major airport as early as the 60s, and have kept evolving. The most recent system currently being deployed in the US by the FAA is the Airport Surface Movement Detection Equipment Model X (ASDE-X) system. In this system, unlike previous systems, the surface movement radar is just one of several sensors that are used in addition to transponder multilateration and GPS-based position reports, referred to as Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast or ADS-B; however, the SMR is a key subsystem. This paper contains an overview of the state of the art SMR technology. The paper provides an introduction on the use of radartechnology for this commercial application. It focuses on the architecture, characteristics and technology of the radarsensor, the characteristics of the clutter and how it affects the performance, effects of multipath, automatic detection and comparison of several sensor architectures. Sensis Corporation has recently completed the testing of a new, improved SMR, which is now part of ASDE-X system. The paper summarizes the main features of this radar.
Ultra wideband radar-enabled wireless sensor networks have the potential to address key detection and classification requirements common to many surveillance and tracking applications. However, traditional radar signa...
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Ultra wideband radar-enabled wireless sensor networks have the potential to address key detection and classification requirements common to many surveillance and tracking applications. However, traditional radar signal processing techniques are mismatched with the limited computational and storage resources available on typical sensor nodes. The mismatch is exacerbated in noisy, cluttered environments or when the signals have corrupted spectra. To explore the compatibility of ultra wideband radar and mote-class sensor nodes, we designed and built a new platform called the radar mote. An early prototype of this platform was used to detect, classify, and track people and vehicles moving through an outdoor sensor network deployment. This paper describes the sensor's theory of operation, discusses the design and implementation of the radar mote, and presents sample signal waveforms of people, vehicles, noise, and clutter. We demonstrate that radarsensors can be successfully integrated with mote-class devices and imbue them with an extraordinarily useful sensing modality
Worldwide, medium to short term tsunami prediction is becoming ever more essential for safeguarding man due to an un-abating population increase within low-lying coastal regions of all of the affected oceans. But hith...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9788390666280
Worldwide, medium to short term tsunami prediction is becoming ever more essential for safeguarding man due to an un-abating population increase within low-lying coastal regions of all of the affected oceans. But hitherto there have been no verifiable methods of reliable tsunami prediction developed - except for a few isolated examples of placing arrays of costly short-lived sensors along the ocean bottom requiring monthly re-calibration efforts. This dilemma is a result of not yet having identified the proper approaches to tsunami prediction. The question on whether there do exist reliable prediction methods was answered long ago by fauna living within the coastal littoral zone that is affected by tsunamis. Especially during the last devastating "Boxing Day 050426 Tsunami" caused by the Sumatra-Andaman "Super-Earthquake" of M = 9.3 with epicenter near Simeulue Island, there were many verifiable episodes on how fish escaped the affected coastal region in time;the elephants, water-buffalos and other non-domesticated animals rushed for higher ground locations well in time before the tsunami crest and subsequent swells approached, and so on. These observations provide proof that some electromagnetic or, more likely, infrasonic local warning signatures are received by these creatures relatively long before the approaching tsunami strikes. We presume that the signatures could be infrasonic waves traveling at high speeds as under-water surface waves that could be detected by marine fauna as well as coastal animals and birds. Tsunamis have existed for millions of years and fauna of the affected coastal region has developed instinctive warning mechanisms that we need to explore. Another promising natural sensor may utilize electromagnetic precursor signatures that yet need to be fully discovered. Both, the role electromagnetic phenomena and the role infrasonic signatures will be scrutinized. The results of successful post-event model reconstructions of viable electromagneti
In this paper the microwave humidity sensor has been presented. In the device the surface acoustic waves (SAW) resonator with nafion coating was used. The sensor exhibits good sensitivity and linearity as well as the ...
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In this paper the microwave humidity sensor has been presented. In the device the surface acoustic waves (SAW) resonator with nafion coating was used. The sensor exhibits good sensitivity and linearity as well as the resistance to active chemical compounds. The microwave circuit presented in the paper seems to be also suitable with other chemical chemisensitive coatings for different type chemical compounds and biological agents detectors.
A compact 24 GHz sensor setup for experimental verifications of radar imaging and digital beam-forming has been designed and realized. The sensor consists of a FM-CW radar front-end and a remote radar electronic unit....
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A compact 24 GHz sensor setup for experimental verifications of radar imaging and digital beam-forming has been designed and realized. The sensor consists of a FM-CW radar front-end and a remote radar electronic unit. The front-end consists of a switched antenna array of 25 linearly arranged elements fed by one transmitter and two parallel homodyne receivers connected to separate receive antenna elements. The remote radar electronic unit includes the base-band signal generation, analog inputs for data acquisition and programmable digital circuitry for measurement control, data storage and interface handling. The sensor can be operated from a notebook computer via standard PC interfaces, thus forming a compact imaging radar system well suited for field tests. The sensor addresses primarily short and medium range automotive applications, but its flexibility in signal generation, sampling and coherent signal processing makes it interesting for many other application fields. In this article, a detailed description of the total system is given and exemplary signal processing methods for imaging and beam-forming are introduced and demonstrated with measurement results
The aim of this work is to study the application of ultra wideband (UWB) technology to perform biomedical sensing and vital signs monitoring in humans. Among the numerous signals that can be measured, the heart rate (...
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The aim of this work is to study the application of ultra wideband (UWB) technology to perform biomedical sensing and vital signs monitoring in humans. Among the numerous signals that can be measured, the heart rate (HR) is chosen as the first objective due to its importance. The research is pointed towards the development of a technique that can allow both, radar sensing and communications using the same UWB transceiver. Such a sensor, could use UWB radar principles to measure the heart beat rate and UWB communication standards to transmit these measurements. Readily available commercial transceivers with minor adaptations will be considered as possible to solve for the physical layer. Signal processing for target detection will be done at higher levels. Having sensors with such "duo" properties can make them ideal nodes for wearable computing, as well as sensor and body area networks
5.8 GHz Doppler radar which is wireless sensor to collect the respiration and heart rate using feed-forward type branch-line coupler is developed. Even though the wireless sensing systems using a circulator or branch-...
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5.8 GHz Doppler radar which is wireless sensor to collect the respiration and heart rate using feed-forward type branch-line coupler is developed. Even though the wireless sensing systems using a circulator or branch-line coupler have been developed, these systems have low sensitivity because of low isolation and bulky system due to Tx/Rx two independent signal paths. In this paper, proposed Doppler radar has improved the isolation by using feedforward type branch-line coupler, which has -55 dB isolation between transmitter and receiver. As a result of achieving high isolation, irreversible vital signal due to the low isolation of conventional branch-line coupler can be detected. So, sensitivity of the system is increased drastically
This paper presents the application of a millimetre wave radartechnology to environment mapping in surface mining. sensor requirements for ranging and surface profiling in shovel and dragline operations were determin...
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This paper presents the application of a millimetre wave radartechnology to environment mapping in surface mining. sensor requirements for ranging and surface profiling in shovel and dragline operations were determined based on machines performance requirements. Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) technique was selected to achieve the correct range resolution while fast Fourier techniques (FFT) was used to extract the range data from the radar output. radar data processing was undertaken using stochastic environment representation technique in real-time. The results of field trials show successful radar performance in terms of the system's accurate measurement of excavation terrain, real-time imaging, robustness, reliability and penetration through dust and water
This paper presents a method for estimating bias in radar measurements used in tracking aerospace targets. The bias-free and less noisy radar measurement is critical as it would provide correct information of target k...
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This paper presents a method for estimating bias in radar measurements used in tracking aerospace targets. The bias-free and less noisy radar measurement is critical as it would provide correct information of target kinematics which is a necessity of the guidance law to generate the tracking commands. In a typical interception scenario, multiple radars are employed to detect and track target kinematics. Bias estimation is often difficult because of limited observability of sensor biases as there may not be a unique set of biases that explains the relative errors between measurements. The sensors involved may be dissimilar, and their corresponding bias parameters may differ in magnitude and type. The various sources of biases are sensor bias, alignment error (tilt error), and radar position uncertainty. radar measurements are to be debiased and noise filtered effectively before they can be used singly or in conjunction with any onboard sensor for generating tracking commands. The formulation of bias estimator described here is designed for tracking systems, such as aircrafts, ships, with multiple sensors as radars, jam strobe detectors, GPS, ESM and wider variety of targets and sensors. The paper concisely states the algorithm which addresses the above mentioned problems and illustrates its performance capabilities through results obtained by applying it to a realistic ballistic target tracking scenario
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