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2023 ASEE Annual conference and Exposition - The Harbor of Engineering: Education for 130 Years, ASEE 2023

作者： Ciko, Anthony Cortes, Yave Jones, Josiah Andrew Sohail, Jimmy Blinder, Alex Azizi, Mohsen New Jersey Institute of Technology United States

Studies have shown that there is a 10% fatality rate when a pedestrian is struck by a vehicle moving at the speed of 20 (mph), and the rate scales up to 90% at the speed of 40 (mph). Moreover, the residential areas with radar speed monitors are shown to be safer in terms of accident probability. Motivated by these statistics, in this National Science Foundation sponsored senior design project a speed radar system is designed and developed. The components, functionalities, and objectives of the project are listed as follows: (i) A camera will detect and identify a vehicle and distinguish it from other objects;(ii) a radar sensor will measure the speed of the vehicle;(iii) a microprocessor (Raspberry Pi) will acquire the speed data, send it to the display, and analyze and log it in a server;and (iv) a stand-alone solar Photovoltaic system will provide electrical power to and guarantee the continuous operation of the entire system. This senior design project was conducted by a group of undergraduate students in the electrical and computer engineering technology program at New Jersey Institute of technology. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2023.

关键词： Solar energy

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Resource-Efficient sensor Fusion via System-Wide Dynamic Gated Neural Networks 21

Resource-Efficient Sensor Fusion via System-Wide Dynamic Gat...

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21st Annual IEEE International conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking, SECON 2024

作者： Singhal, C. Wu, Y. Malandrino, F. de Guevara Contreras, S. Ladron Levorato, M. Chiasserini, C.F. INRIA France UC Irvine United States CNR-IEIIT Italy CNIT Italy Politecnico di Torino Italy Chalmers University of Technology Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798331519186

Mobile systems will have to support multiple AI-based applications, each leveraging heterogeneous data sources through DNN architectures collaboratively executed within the network. To minimize the cost of the AI inference task subject to requirements on latency, quality, and - crucially - reliability of the inference process, it is vital to optimize (i) the set of sensors/data sources and (ii) the DNN architecture, (iii) the network nodes executing sections of the DNN, and (iv) the resources to use. To this end, we leverage dynamic gated neural networks with branches, and propose a novel algorithmic strategy called Quantile-constrained Inference (QIC), based upon quantile-Constrained policy optimization. QIC makes joint, high-quality, swift decisions on all the above aspects of the system, with the aim to minimize inference energy cost. We remark that this is the first contribution connecting gated dynamic DNNs with infrastructure-level decision making. We evaluate QIC using a dynamic gated DNN with stems and branches for optimal sensor fusion and inference, trained on the RADIATE dataset offering radar, LiDAR, and Camera data, and real-world wireless measurements. Our results confirm that QIC matches the optimum and outperforms its alternatives by over 80%. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Constrained optimization

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See Further Than CFAR: a Data-Driven radar Detector Trained by Lidar

See Further Than CFAR: a Data-Driven Radar Detector Trained ...

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IEEE National conference on radar

作者： Ignacio Roldan Andras Palffy Julian F. P. Kooij Dariu M. Gavrila Francesco Fioranelli Alexander Yarovoy Department of Microelectronics Microwave Sensing Signals and Systems (MS3) Group Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands Department of Cognitive Robotics Intelligent Vehicles (IV) Group Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands

ISBN: (数字)9798350329209

ISBN: (纸本)9798350329216

In this paper, we address the limitations of traditional constant false alarm rate (CFAR) target detectors in automotive radars, particularly in complex urban environments with multiple objects that appear as extended targets. We propose a data-driven radar target detector exploiting a highly efficient 2D CNN backbone inspired by the computer vision domain. Our approach is distinguished by a unique cross-sensor supervision pipeline, enabling it to learn exclusively from unlabeled synchronized radar and lidar data, thus e liminating the need for costly manual object annotations. Using a novel large-scale, real-life multi-sensor dataset recorded in various driving scenarios, we demonstrate that the proposed detector generates dense, lidar-like point clouds, achieving a lower Chamfer distance to the reference lidar point clouds than CFAR detectors. Overall, it significantly outperforms CFAR baselines detection accuracy.

关键词： Point cloud compression Measurement Laser radar radar clutter Urban areas radar detection Detectors

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AN GROUND AND UNDER-GROUND URBAN ROADS SURVEYING APPROACH USING INTEGRATED 3D LIDAR AND 3D GPR technology

AN GROUND AND UNDER-GROUND URBAN ROADS SURVEYING APPROACH US...

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ISPRS TC III and TC iv Urban Geoinformatics conference

作者： Zhou, Yibo Hu, Qingwu Zhang, Ju Zhao, Pengcheng Yu, Fei Ai, Mingyao Wuhan Univ Sch Remote Sensing & Informat Engn Wuhan Peoples R China

Digitalization of urban roads is an important part of smart city construction. In addition to having a basic understanding of the structure of the transportation network, we need to have a preliminary understanding of the information around the road, the current status of the road, and the impact that municipal projects may have on the road. At present, the three-dimensional information of the ground parts of roads can be obtained efficiently and accurately on a large scale by using three-dimensional scanning technology. However, there is a lack of comprehensive and intuitive understanding of the under-ground information and a lack of synergistic consideration of the ground and under-ground information. In this paper, a ground and under-ground urban road surveying system based on 3D LiDAR and 3D ground penetrating radar (GPR) is presented. The system covers multi-sensor coordinated control, time-space datum setup, and post-processing data. Experiments show that the system can realize the integrated ground and under-ground 3D surveying for urban roads, generate intuitive three-dimensional point cloud map model of ground and under-ground of urban roads, and provide effective technical support for smart city construction.

关键词： LiDAR Ground Penetrating radar Point-cloud GPR C-Scan Road Surveying Smart City

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Resource-Efficient sensor Fusion via System-Wide Dynamic Gated Neural Networks

Resource-Efficient Sensor Fusion via System-Wide Dynamic Gat...

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IEEE Communications Society conference on sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON)

作者： C. Singhal Y. Wu F. Malandrino S. Ladron de Guevara Contreras M. Levorato C. F. Chiasserini INRIA France UC Irvine USA CNR-IEIIT Italy CNIT Italy Politecnico di Torino Italy Chalmers University of Technology Sweden

ISBN: (数字)9798331519186

ISBN: (纸本)9798331519193

关键词： Wireless communication Wireless sensor networks Costs Soft sensors Heuristic algorithms Neural networks Logic gates sensor fusion Dynamic scheduling Time measurement

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Towards View-invariant Vehicle Speed Detection from Driving Simulator Images 14

Towards View-invariant Vehicle Speed Detection from Driving ...

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14th International conference on Knowledge Discovery and Information Retrieval, KDIR 2022 as part of 14th International Joint conference on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, IC3K 2022

作者： Martínez, Antonio Hernández Llorca, David Fernández Daza, iván García Computer Engineering Department University of Alcalá Alcalá de Henares Spain Seville Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9789897586149

The use of cameras for vehicle speed measurement is much more cost effective compared to other technologies such as inductive loops, radar or laser. However, accurate speed measurement remains a challenge due to the inherent limitations of cameras to provide accurate range estimates. In addition, classical vision-based methods are very sensitive to extrinsic calibration between the camera and the road. In this context, the use of data-driven approaches appears as an interesting alternative. However, data collection requires a complex and costly setup to record videos under real traffic conditions from the camera synchronized with a high-precision speed sensor to generate the ground truth speed values. It has recently been demonstrated (Martinez et al., 2021) that the use of driving simulators (e.g., CARLA) can serve as a robust alternative for generating large synthetic datasets to enable the application of deep learning techniques for vehicle speed estimation for a single camera. In this paper, we study the same problem using multiple cameras in different virtual locations and with different extrinsic parameters. We address the question of whether complex 3D-CNN architectures are capable of implicitly learning view-invariant speeds using a single model, or whether view-specific models are more appropriate. The results are very promising as they show that a single model with data from multiple views reports even better accuracy than camera-specific models, paving the way towards a view-invariant vehicle speed measurement system. Copyright © 2022 by SCITEPRESS – Science and technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved.

关键词： Speed

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Through-the-Wall Target Detection Using GPR A-Scan Data: Effects of Different Wall Structures on Detection Performance 4

Through-the-Wall Target Detection Using GPR A-Scan Data: Eff...

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4th International Electromagnetic Compatibility conference (EMC Turkiye)

作者： Dogan, Mesut Turhan-Sayan, Gonul Middle East Tech Univ Elect & Elect Engn Dept Ankara Turkey Ardahan Univ Ankara Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781509048205

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is an electromagnetic sensor based on the ultra-wideband radar technology that can also be used for through-the-wall (TTW) target recognition. Search for the presence of designated targets hidden behind the walls, such as stationary or moving human bodies or certain types of weapons, is addressed in various critical applications;in rescue missions after earthquakes or in military operations, etc. In such inverse problems, type of the wall is as important as the properties and location of the hidden target. Interpretation of the basic A-Scan GPR signals is a challenging task in the TTW target detection problem especially when the wall is constructed by bricks containing air-filled holes. In this paper, a simplified TTW target detection scenario is defined using cylindrical targets made of conductor or plastic materials. The target is placed behind the brick wall at different distances where the wall is made of either homogeneous solid bricks or inhomogeneous bricks that contain periodically located air-filled compartments. GPR signals are simulated for such target detection scenarios using a numerical computation tool that is based on the finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique. Then, simulated signals are analyzed in time domain for preprocessing and target detection. Energy based signal features are used to eliminate strong early-time reflections from the front face of the wall to enhance the signal components scattered by the target for better detection performance.

关键词： Ground penetrating radar (GPR) through-the-wall target detection (TTW) ultra-wideband sensing feature extraction preprocessing cumulative energy curves

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Low cost FMCW radar design and implementation for harbour surveillance applications

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Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 2016年 351卷 139-144页

作者： Saponara, Sergio Lischi, Stefano Massini, Riccardo Musetti, Luca Staglianò, Daniele Berizzi, Fabrizio Neri, Bruno Dipartimento Ingegneria della Informazione Università di Pisa Via G. Caruso 16 Pisa Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783319202266

The prototype of a low power radar with a coverage range from some hundred meters to a few kilometres is presented in this paper. A Frequency Modulate Continuous Wave (FMCW) X-band solution has been chosen from the architectural point of view, and an hybrid realization has been adopted. In fact, one of the main target of the design was to demonstrate the feasibility of high sensitivity radar sensor implemented in a low cost technology. Some original solutions have been adopted to reach this target. The radar prototype is composed by a radio frequency front end, entirely realized by using commercial components, and by a DSP platform implemented by using open source software. The prototype has been realized and tested. The main interesting results are: (i) the low cost of the radio frequency front end;(ii) the high sensitivity of the sensor which resulted capable of monitoring the movements of object and peoples in a range of some hundred meters with a transmitted power as low as a few mW;(iii) a very low level of EM pollution;(iv) a coverage range of 1 mile with an output power of 2 W;(v) the detection of range and velocity for targets with a radar cross section larger than 1 m inside the coverage range. The main application will be as a node of a radar network for harbour surveillance. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016.

关键词： Frequency modulation

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Optical sensor in control of LEGO robot

Optical sensor in control of LEGO robot

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Mediterranean Electrotechnical conference (MELECON)

作者： Radek Doskočil Václav Křivánek Alexandr Štefek Yves T. Bergeon Univerzita obrany Brno CZ Faculty of Military Technology University of Defence Brno Czech Republic Ecoles de Saint-Cyr Coëtquidan GUER Cedex France

Nowadays, technical schools are facing the problem of how to teach a new generation of engineers. Case studies and practical teaching seems to be very helpful beside interactive courses and e-learning. LEGO Mindstorms, a very common building kit, is widely used for teaching the basic principles of robotics. Even for universities, it offers many possibilities to improve the teaching process. In laboratories the students experiment by measuring with optical sensors - cheap web cameras. In the paper a short theory about the single camera distance measurement will be introduced and demonstrated on a practical experiment. In fact, the LEGO robot, with certain basic equipment, is used as a controlled system and the PC with camera serves here as a controlling system. The paper deals with the construction of whole feed-back control loop with all aspects and relations between the items. The authors also discuss some specific problems which occurred and propose solution.

关键词： Laser radar Cameras Optical variables measurement Adaptive optics Optical imaging Robot vision systems

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Interferometric SAR Coherence Arising from the Vertically-Polarized Electromagnetic Interrogation of Layered, Penetrable Dielectric Media

Interferometric SAR Coherence Arising from the Vertically-Po...

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European radar conference

作者： Kamalesh Sainath Fernando L. Teixeira Scott Hensley ElectroScience Laboratory The Ohio State University NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781467392716

We model coherence trends in w-polarized Interferometric Synthetic Aperture radar (InSAR) images arising specifically from the penetration of electromagnetic (EM) waves into geophysical media. Departing from previous InSAR coherence models, we simultaneously incorporate the interacting effects (on coherence) of (i) "multi-bounce" (wave guidance) within an arbitrary number of dielectric layers, (ii) azimuthal deviation in antenna pointing, (iii) local topography, and (iv) subsurface interface and volume scatter mechanisms. Including multi-bounce phenomena, in particular, allows better understanding of chief mechanisms behind backscatter enhancement, and the resultant strong corruption of InSAR observables, arising from interrogation of strongly guiding geophysical medium layers. Moreover, modeling the subsurface guidance behavior's influence from terrain topography expands upon many previous InSAR models that assumed simpler terrain and sensor geometries. As the two key results of this paper then, we quantitatively elucidate (i) how guidance behavior in dielectric slabs can engender unbounded, diverging interferometric phase bias, as well as (ii) how terrain sloping can render sub-sections of InSAR coherence images, generated by otherwise terrain-robust sensor geometries, susceptible to guidance-related phase bias and correlation degradation.

关键词： radar interferometry radar remote sensing

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