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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Radar Sensor Technology IV"

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Calibration of the ARL BoomSAR using rigorous scattering models for fiducial targets over ground

Calibration of the ARL BoomSAR using rigorous scattering mod...

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conference on radar sensor technology iv

作者： Ressler, M Merchant, B Wong, D Nguyen, L Geng, N Carin, L USA Res Lab AMSRL SERU Adelphi MD 20783 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819431788

The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system is placed atop a boom lift, and therefore the system is termed a "BoomSAR". The UWB character of this system, covering a frequency spectrum from 40-1200 MHz, makes accurate polarimetric calibration a nontrivial matter. The response of the standard trihedral fiducial target is poorly understood at VHF and UHF frequencies, for which the wave interaction with the soil can be an important issue. Here we employ a rigorous method-of-moments (MoM) analysis of UWB scattering from a trihedral reflector over ground. The soil is modeled as a lossy, dispersive half space, accounted for rigorously via the half-space Green's function. The numerical algorithm is used to evaluate the angle-dependent, polarimetric frequency dependence of scattering from a trihedral target, at VHF and UHF frequencies. This comprehensive study of UWB scattering from a trihedral over soil is critical for system calibration.

关键词： Scattering Calibration Free space Synthetic aperture radar Soil science Detection and tracking algorithms Polarization Erbium Polarimetry Analytical research

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radar to detect foreign object ingestion by a jet engine

Radar to detect foreign object ingestion by a jet engine

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conference on radar sensor technology iv

作者： Greneker, G Georgia Inst Technol Georgia Tech Res Inst Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819431788

Each year commercial, private and military aircraft jet engines are damaged by the ingestion of foreign objects. Annual engine repair costs for ingestion damage is in the tens of millions of dollars. Bird strikes represent the major foreign object threat to aircraft engines, although large hail and objects found on the ramp can also damage an engine. A radar based foreign object ingestion detection system (FOIDS) concept, the subject of this paper, is capable of determining when an object as small as 4 millimeters has entered a fan jet engine. Additionally, such a system is capable of determining the relative size of the object and the approximate point within the engine where the object impacts the engine. These data can be displayed in real time to the pilot. In addition, the information recorded in the data base can be used by the mechanics between major engine inspections to determine if a detailed inspection of the turbine blade roots or other hard to access engine parts is required. Long term statistical data developed by the system can also be used as a measure of the foreign object and bird ingestion problem at various airports and improve the reporting of ingestion and bird strike events above the currently estimated 20 percent reporting rate.

关键词： radar foreign object jet engine bird strike aircraft safety pilot aid

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Adaptive algorithm for target extraction from a surface movement radar

Adaptive algorithm for target extraction from a surface move...

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conference on radar Processing, technology, and Applications iv

作者： Piazza, E Navia Avaition AS (Norway)

ISBN: (纸本)0819432962

In the present work it is presented a simple method to detect target moving along runways and taxiways of an airport from images provided by a Surface Movement radar, even with a very noisy image. The aim of the application is to determine the position of aircraft in Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control Systems (A-SMGCS). The radar sensor is a prototype operating in the millimetre band (95 GHz) and conceived for the surveillance function, developed by Oerlikon Contraves Italiana SpA in the framework of the research project on transportation with a grant awarded by the Italian National research Council. The adaptive filter here presented operates by integrating the radar echo over a moving area, fitering the background average value adaptively, and thresholding the result in order to get a fix on the target. The choice of the threshold is a trial and error process which try to find a trade off between the hit rate and the false alarm rate. It was not possible to test the system in real time, with the computer directly connected to the radar but, on playback data, the overhead of seeking for target with the proposed filter was found to be negligible over the time needed to display the graphic raw video.

关键词： radar target detection and acquisition adaptive radar techniques

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Space-time adaptive processing with sum and multiple difference beams for airborne radars

Space-time adaptive processing with sum and multiple differe...

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conference on radar sensor technology iv

作者： Maher, J Zhang, YH Wang, H USAF Res Lab AFRL SNRD Rome NY 13441 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819431788

This paper describes some new results on a signal processing approach for airborne surveillance radars. This is a spacetime adaptive processing (STAP) technique that simultaneously processes temporal data from sum and difference (Sigma Delta) beams to suppress clutter returns. The approach also includes employing spatial adaptive pre-suppression (SAPS) to suppress wideband noise jammers in a two-stage processor. Previous work on Sigma Delta-STAP with SAPS has concentrated on the case with one difference beam. This has shown to be effective in suppressing strong clutter and jamming when the number of wideband noise jammers does not exceed the number of auxiliary channels used for SAPS. Additional difference beams, which are orthogonal to these two beams and to each other, can be available on most radar systems. This work analyzes the performance of the Sigma Delta-STAP with SAPS processor, which utilizes these additional difference beams. It is shown to be effective with either one or two additional beams when the number of jammers exceeds the number of auxiliary channels by one. This occurs even though the jammers are in the nulls of the additional beams. Additional results show that the performance can improve when the jammers move from the nulls and that the clutter entering through the auxiliary has little impact.

关键词： radar signal processing adaptive processing

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Automatic battle damage assessment based on laser radar imagery 4

Automatic battle damage assessment based on laser radar imag...

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conference on Laser radar technology and Applications iv

作者： Yu, SH Srivastava, A Mehra, RK Sci Syst Co Inc Woburn MA 01801 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819431818

In this paper, we describe the automatic damage assessment process we developed to assess the extent of battle damage based on laser radar (Ladar) images taken before and after a strike. The process is composed of three modules, the image registration module, the damage isolation module, and the damage assessment module. In the image registration module, distortion in the raw range data was first compensated to obtain the actual heights of the objects. Then, Ladar images taken before and after the strike were aligned according to their pixel intensities. In the damage isolation module, changes between the two sets of images were compared to isolate the locations of the actual damage. Factors such as sensor noise, sensor perspective difference, debris, and movement of vehicles, which all contribute to changes in the images, were automatically discounted in this module. The approximate location of the damage, if it existed, was passed to the damage assessment module to determine the extent of the damage using the region growing technique. This process enables fast and accurate evaluation of a strike with as little human supervision as possible.

关键词： damage assessment laser radar image registration fractal dimensions remote sensing

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Laser field imaging through Fourier transform heterodyne 4

Laser field imaging through Fourier transform heterodyne

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conference on Laser radar technology and Applications iv

作者： Cooke, BJ Galbraith, AE Laubscher, BE Strauss, CE Olivas, NL Grubler, AC Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab Los Alamos NM 87545 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819431818

We present a detection process capable of directly imaging the transverse amplitude, phase, and Doppler shift of coherent electromagnetic fields. Based on coherent detection principles governing conventional heterodyned radar/LADAR systems, Fourier Transform Heterodyne incorporates transverse spatial encoding of the reference local oscillator for image capture. Appropriate selection of spatial encoding functions allows image retrieval by way of classic Fourier manipulations. Of practical interest: (i) imaging may be accomplished with a single element detector/sensor requiring no additional scanning or moving components, (ii) as detection is governed by heterodyne principles, near quantum limited performance is achievable, (iii) a wide variety of appropriate spatial encoding functions exist that may be adaptively configured in real-time for applications requiring optimal detection, and (iv) the concept is general with the applicable electromagnetic spectrum encompassing the RF through optical.

关键词： coherent field imaging laser imaging laser radar heterodyne detection

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Lynx: A high-resolution synthetic aperture radar

Lynx: A high-resolution synthetic aperture radar

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conference on radar sensor technology iv

作者： Tsunoda, SI Pace, F Stence, J Woodring, M Hensley, WH Doerry, AW Walker, BC Gen Atom San Diego CA 92121 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819431788

Lynx is a high resolution, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) that has been designed and built by Sandia National Laboratories in collaboration with General Atomics (GA). Although Lynx may be operated on a wide variety of manned and unmanned platforms, it is primarily intended to be fielded on unmanned aerial vehicles. In particular, it may be operated on the Predator, I-GNAT, or Prowler II platforms manufactured by GA Aeronautical Systems, Inc. The Lynx production weight is less than 120 Ib. and has a slant range of 30 km (in 4 mm/hr rain). It has operator selectable resolution and is capable of 0.1 m resolution in spotlight mode and 0.3 m resolution in stripmap mode. In ground moving target indicator mode, the minimum detectable velocity is 6 knots with a minimum target cross-section of 10 dBsm. In coherent change detection mode, Lynx makes registered, complex image comparisons either of 0.1 m resolution (minimum) spotlight images or of 0.3 m resolution (minimum) strip images. The Lynx user interface features a view manager that allows it to pan and zoom like a video camera. Lynx was developed under corporate funding from GA and will be manufactured by GA for both military and commercial applications. The Lynx system architecture will be presented and some of its unique features will be described. Imagery at the finest resolutions in both spotlight and strip modes have been obtained and will also be presented.

关键词： synthetic aperture radar SAR remote sensing UAV MTI GMTI CCD

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Adaptive digital beamforming (ADBF) architecture for wideband phased array radars

Adaptive digital beamforming (ADBF) architecture for wideban...

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conference on radar sensor technology iv

作者： Mitchell, M Howard, R Tarran, C Georgia Tech Res Inst SEAL AMDD Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819431788

The practical application of adaptive digital beamforming (ADBF) to phased array radar systems has been demonstrated by several systems, most notably MESAR(1,2). However, MESAR and the other fielded radar systems employing ADBF are limited to narrow bandwidth operation. The next generation of defense radar systems currently under development are considering ADBF architecture, but with wideband waveforms. New radar system architectures are mandated by the requirement for simultaneously accomplishing wide bandwidth and ADBF, particularly for the precision measurement and tracking environment of ballistic missile defense (BMD). This paper describes approaches to developing wideband architectures suitable for this and similar applications. The BMD application requires high resolution measurements in angle and range, and therefore requires an electrically large aperture (for narrow beamwidth and fine angular resolution) and wideband waveforms (for fine range resolution). A typical method of providing wideband waveform support for this application is linear frequency modulation (LFM). It is shown that this waveform is particularly well-suited to ADBF. The large electrical aperture size mandates true time delay steering of the array, at least at subarray level. A unique approach for digitally synthesizing the time delay steering is presented. The problem of wideband grating lobes due to time delay steering at subarray level is considered, and analysis of methods for randomization to mitigate the grating lobes is shown. The multifunction phased-array for the BMD application is also required to perform search and acquisition functions, and these functions are enhanced considerably with multiple simultaneous receive beams having monopulse angle measurement capability. Requirements for subarray sizing based on support for multiple simultaneous beams are presented. The cancellation of interference sources also drives the sizing and randomization of the subarrays, and the impact

关键词： radar phased-array adaptive beamforming wideband

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Signal processing techniques for ultra-wideband synthetic aperture radar data

Signal processing techniques for ultra-wideband synthetic ap...

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conference on radar sensor technology iv

作者： Sichina, J Nguyen, L Ton, T Ressler, M Ranney, K Nguyen, T USA Res Lab Adelphi MD 20783 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819431788

The U. S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), as part of its mission-funded applied research program, has been evaluating the utility of a low-frequency, ultra-wideband (UWB) imaging radar to detect tactical vehicles concealed by foliage. Measurement programs conducted at Aberdeen Proving Ground and elsewhere have yielded a significant and unique database of extremely wideband and (in some cases) fully polarimetric data, Complementary efforts have been underway to develop high-performance algorithms as well as data visualization and assessment tools to generate very high-quality, low-artifact-level imagery for use in target detection and exploitation studies. Prior reports have concentrated on discussions of emerging detection concepts. Key strategy has been to exploit frequency-dependent scattering to identify and locate likely targets-particularly the application of a "spatial affinity" technique between detection lists separately generated at VHF frequencies versus UHF. The utility of this approach is now being evaluated more broadly by the UWB radar community. A large quantity of appropriate data has been measured by two separate airborne radars-a VHF radar (Coherent Ali RAdio BAnd Sensing (CARABAS)) [1,2] and a UHF radar (the P-3 radar) [3,4]. In support of Defense Advanced Research Project Agency's (DARPA) national-scope initiative in foliage penetration, ARL is using tools and algorithms developed as part of our mission program to perform image formation and evaluate various spatial affinity concepts on this freshly measured data. The reader will find this paper is organized into three complementary sections. First, we define the research objectives ARL and other defense organizations share. We then report in detail on the signal processing/image formation techniques developed as part of our mission program. We conclude with a discusssion on the use of these algorithms and tools with the emerging data from major defense-wide collections. Imaging concepts are disc

关键词： ultra-wideband radar (UWB) foliage penetrating radar synthetic aperture radar (SAR) automatic target detection (ATD) phenomenology computational electromagnetics

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High-performance 3D-imaging laser sensor 4

High-performance 3D-imaging laser sensor

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conference on Laser radar technology and Applications iv

作者： Ullrich, A Reichert, R Studnicka, N Riegl, J RIEGL Laser Measurement Systems GmbH (Austria)

ISBN: (纸本)0819431818

A 3D imaging laser sensor is presented providing rapid acquisition of 3D data of naturally reflecting objects. The sensor is of a rugged and compact design, is eye-safe, and can be used even in adverse environmental conditions for a wide range of applications. The sensor makes use of high-speed laser ranging based on the time-of-flight method with pulsed laser diodes and of mechanically scanning the laser beam and the optical axis of the rangefinder's receiver. The maximum achievable range to non-co-operative targets is up to 350 m. The field-of-view of the sensor is settable by software commands and can be up to 80 degrees x 340 degrees with an angular resolution of the scanning mechanism of up to 0.018 degrees. Data are provided at a standard parallel interface allowing easy integration with any standard PC based system for data visualization and data processing. The primary data include for each independent range measurement the co-ordinates in the sensor's local polar co-ordinate system, and the intensity of the received laser pulse to provide information on target's reflectivity. These data are provided with an average data rate up to 8000 measurements per second. A PC based acquisition program allows on-line color-encoded visualization, data storage, and data export as ASCII data, VRML data, and other widely used formats. Data acquired with the sensor are presented and accuracy and ranging capability are discussed.

关键词： 3D data acquisition 3D range image sensor 3D images virtual reality

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