Recently a number of airborne nadir scanning laser radars have been developed for both military and civilian applications. These have range resolutions on the order of 10 cm but relatively moderate area coverage rates...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819431818
Recently a number of airborne nadir scanning laser radars have been developed for both military and civilian applications. These have range resolutions on the order of 10 cm but relatively moderate area coverage rates, in the range 1000-10000 m(2)/s (3.6-36 km(2)/h) when operating in a high resolution mode with 0.25 m spot distance. technology development in laser sources, scanning techniques and signal processing will probably improve the area coverage substantially and lead to compact systems suitable for new applications, including the use in UAV:s. Present nadir capability could be combined with a forward looking capability for guidance and obstacle avoidance in autonomous or semi-autonomous systems. The paper will investigate the potential performance of such combined systems using state-of-the-art lasers and receiver technology. Among the applications for both military and civilian users we note the collection of 3-D data for terrain modeling and object recognition. For these functions signal processing using multiple echo and intensity information is of great value as well as adding passive sensor information. Full wave form processing will further improve the information for example to characterize trees. The use of high resolution 3-D data in synthetic environments is obvious and will be discussed. Experimental data collected with a commercial laser system, TopEye, developed by Saab Dynamics, will be shown and some image examples will be discussed in relation to different applications.
The objective of this paper is to present some of Boeing's experiments involved in generating radardatabases and simulating radar imagery. The objective of these experiments was to improve image quality while red...
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The ability to obtain simultaneous active and passive millimeter wave images using a common antenna has numerous DOD as well as commercial applications. Radiometric and radar images are not new, nor are simultaneous p...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081943177X
The ability to obtain simultaneous active and passive millimeter wave images using a common antenna has numerous DOD as well as commercial applications. Radiometric and radar images are not new, nor are simultaneous passive and active images of a common scene. The feature that is unique to the radarometer concept is simultaneous use of the same antenna by a radar and a radiometer, operating in the same frequency band at a nominal pixel scanning rate of 1,000 per second. The radarometer sensor is capable of operating in both the passive and active modes either individually, in time sequence, or simultaneously. The radarometer uses a common high-speed mechanically scanned antenna aperture capable of generating active and passive millimeter wave images simultaneously. The important feature of the radarometer design that allows simultaneous active and passive operation is the use of an RF diplexer which separates the signals associated with the radar and radiometer modes. The typical frequency separation displacement is 5 GHz, at a nominal operating frequency of 95 GHz. The results of measurements performed on an engineering test unit will be described.
The Mini-Raman Lidar System (MRLS) is a "proof-of-principle" chemical sensor that combines the spectral fingerprinting of solar-blind UV Raman spectroscopy with the principles of lidar to open a new venue of...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819431818
The Mini-Raman Lidar System (MRLS) is a "proof-of-principle" chemical sensor that combines the spectral fingerprinting of solar-blind UV Raman spectroscopy with the principles of lidar to open a new venue of short-range (meters to tens of meters), non-contact detection and identification of unknown substances on surfaces. The device has potential application to "first responders" at the site of a chemical spill. The MRLS is portable and has been used both in the lab and in the field. Theoretical estimates and actual laboratory data suggest the possibility of detecting contaminants with a surface coverage of < 1g/m(2) at a distance of three meters for one second of signal integration. Increasing the optical throughput efficiency, integrating pattern recognition software, and incorporating a laser with a wavelength near 250 nm are the primary goals for the development of a prototype system.
A wavelength agile coherent LIDAR system is under development at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). Coherent lidar has the potential of longer - range sensitivity than conventional direct detection systems. AFR...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819431818
A wavelength agile coherent LIDAR system is under development at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). Coherent lidar has the potential of longer - range sensitivity than conventional direct detection systems. AFRL is conducting risk reduction experiments to address issues involved with coherent LIDAR. issues include speckle noise inherent to heterodyne detection, robust signal analysis algorithm development, and integration of a wavelength agile laser as the local oscillator to the receiver. The transmitter laser, developed for the LARS program, is a high energy TE CO2 laser hardened for airborne operations. Performance of the wavelength agile local oscillator laser is presented, and preliminary data from risk reduction experiments.
The Night Vision and Electronic sensors Directorate, Survivability/Camouflage, Concealment and Deception Division mission is to provide affordable aircraft and ground electronic sensors/systems and signature managemen...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819431931
The Night Vision and Electronic sensors Directorate, Survivability/Camouflage, Concealment and Deception Division mission is to provide affordable aircraft and ground electronic sensors/systems and signature management technologies which enhance survivability and lethality of U.S. and International Forces. Since 1992, efforts have been under tah-en in the area of Situational Awareness and Dominant Battlespace Knowledge. These include the radar Deception and Jamming Advanced technology Demonstration (ATD), Survivability and Targeting System Integration, Integrated Situation Awareness and Targeting ATD, Combat Identification, Ground Vehicle Situational Awareness, and Combined Electronic Intelligence (ELINT) Target Correlation. This paper will address the Situational Awareness process as it relates to the integration of Electronic Warfare (EW) with targeting and intelligence and information warfare systems. Discussion will be presented on the sensor Fusion, Situation Assessment and Response Management Strategies. sensor Fusion includes the association, correlation, and combination of data and information from single and multiple sources to achieve refined position and identity estimates, and complete and timely assessments of situations and threats as well as their significance. Situation Assessment includes the process of interpreting and expressing the environment based on situation abstract products and information fi om technical and doctrinal data bases. Finally, Response Management provides the centralized, adaptable control of all renewable and expendable countermeasure assets resulting in optimization of the response to the threat environment.
The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), Central Test and Evaluation Investment Program (CTEIP) is tasked to provide a coordinated process for making joint investments in defense test & evaluation (T&E) t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819431710
The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), Central Test and Evaluation Investment Program (CTEIP) is tasked to provide a coordinated process for making joint investments in defense test & evaluation (T&E) to offset the challenges presented by declining investments in test assets and increasing test requirements. Under CTEIP sponsorship, the Navy and Air Force are jointly developing three Joint Installed System Test Facility (JISTF) enhancements that are based on dynamic virtual reality simulation technology. The three enhancements are the Infrared sensor Stimulator (IRSS), Generic radar Target Generator (GRTG), and Joint Communications Simulator (JCS). The JISTF enhancement installations will occur at the Air Combat Environment Test and Evaluation Facility (ACETEF), Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Division (NAWC-AD), Patuxent River, MD and the Avionics Test and Integration Complex (ATIC), Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC), Edwards Air Force Base, CA. These enhancements will provide each ISTF with the capability to simultaneously test multiple avionics and sensor subsystems installed on an aerospace System Under Test (SUT) (e.g. manned and unmanned aircraft) in a ground test environment. The ISTF enhanced test capabilities will be used to evaluate multi-sensordata fusion/correlation and subsystems' interoperability for Infrared sensors, radar, GPS, and Communications and data Link subsystems. This paper addresses the IRSS which will be used to stimulate installed Infrared/Ultraviolet (IR/UV) Electro-Optic (EO) sensors undergoing integrated developmental and operational testing. The IRSS program was first briefed at AEROSENSE 1996. This paper updates the capabilities and status of IRSS over the subsequent three years. It provides an overview of the IRSS subsystems and functions with emphasis on facility integration and discussion of the IR modeling, scene generation, and scene projection components.
This paper describes the sensor to Shooter Information Fusion for Rapid Targeting (SSIFRT) program. The objective of this program is to design, develop, test, and demonstrate the fusion of intelligence, surveillance, ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081943194X
This paper describes the sensor to Shooter Information Fusion for Rapid Targeting (SSIFRT) program. The objective of this program is to design, develop, test, and demonstrate the fusion of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) data with on-board sensordata. This decentralized information fusion system will take advantage of both on-board tactical platform and off-board sensordata to generate a high performance identification capability. The algorithm development will address Automatic Target Recognition (ATR), ground target tracking, target cueing, and registration of imagery residing on both ground station (off-board) and tactical aircraft (on-board) systems. Analysis of data link and processing requirements/capabilities will be performed to determine an on-board and off-board fusion architecture. The off-board component would be targeted for ground station applications where multiple sources of information will come together. The off-board fusion algorithm employs a Bayesian approach to integrate information from multiple image sources such as SAR, EO, and FLIR as well as non-image based intelligence sources such as Ground Moving Target Indicators (GMTI). Model-based ATR technology will be an important module of this off-board fusion system for the extraction of target information from image data sources. Compression techniques and innovative representations of information will be investigated so that information can be transferred to the shooter platform using existing or planned communication channels. Finally, the tactical platform's on-board system will incorporate a fused feature methodology that utilizes off-board cues and on-board SAR and FLIR imagery for final on-board target identification.
The large data volumes present in proposed space surveillance systems shift the burden of effective performance from sensortechnology to information technology. The Air Force Research Lab’s (AFRL) TechSat21 proposal...
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In this paper a new observation model is presented to improve the state estimation and prediction in a target tracking problem. Comparing with conventional approaches, the following are distinguished points of the app...
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In this paper a new observation model is presented to improve the state estimation and prediction in a target tracking problem. Comparing with conventional approaches, the following are distinguished points of the approach. First, the measurement equation is set up in the polar coordinate and even combines the range rate measurement with the usual position measurements (i.e. range, azimuth, elevation angle, range rate). Second, the observation noise of sensordata is considered as a colored one, so new linear state and observation equation can be obtained by incorporating the noise vector into the state vector, which satisfy the requirement of Kalman filter. As a result, the accuracy of both the measurement and the prediction will be increased.
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