The recent increase in the number of space-based and airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems and three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar systems (interferometric SAR; IFSAR) has resulted in new types of dat...
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The recent increase in the number of space-based and airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems and three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar systems (interferometric SAR; IFSAR) has resulted in new types of data that can complement other sensor systems and, in some cases, solve serious data collection deficiencies. These deficiencies are overcome because microwave sensors (SAR, IFSAR) can penetrate the ubiquitous cloud cover during the wet season in tropic and subtropic climates. They can also penetrate smoke that is often observed during the fire-prone dry season in regions such as the Amazon.
作者:
Armbruster, WBers, KFGAN
FIM Res Inst Informat Proc & Pattern Recognit D-76275 Ettlingen Germany
The threat of hostile surveillance and weapon systems require military aircraft to fly under extreme conditions such as low altitude, high speed, poor visibility and incomplete terrain information. The probability of ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819428914
The threat of hostile surveillance and weapon systems require military aircraft to fly under extreme conditions such as low altitude, high speed, poor visibility and incomplete terrain information. The probability of collision with natural and man-made obstacles during such contour missions is high if detection capability is restricted to conventional vision aids. Forward-looking scanning laser rangefinders which are presently being flight tested and evaluated at German proving grounds, provide a possible solution, having a large field of view, high angular and range resolution, a high pulse repetition rate, and sufficient pulse energy to register returns from wires at over 500 m range (depends on the system) with a high hit-and-detect probability. Despite the efficiency of the sensor, acceptance of current obstacle warning systems by test pilots is not very high, mainly due to the systems' inadequacies in obstacle recognition and visualization. This has motivated the development and the testing of a more advanced Sd-scene analysis algorithm at FGAN-FIM to replace the obstacle recognition component of current warning systems. The basic ideas are to increase the recognition probability and to reduce the false alarm rate for hard-to-extract obstacles such as wires, by using more readily recognizable objects such as terrain, poles, pylons, trees, etc., by implementing a hierarchical classification procedure to generate a parametric description of the terrain surface as well as the class, position, orientation, size and shape of all objects in the scene. The algorithms can be used for other applications such as terrain following, autonomous obstacle avoidance, and automatic target recognition.
The goal of the Theater Acoustic Warfare/data Fusion (ThAW) project was to develop technology to create and maintain a reliable maritime picture of surface and subsurface targets for a theater command center by fusing...
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The goal of the Theater Acoustic Warfare/data Fusion (ThAW) project was to develop technology to create and maintain a reliable maritime picture of surface and subsurface targets for a theater command center by fusing multi-sensor surveillance contact and parametric data. sensor types included active and passive underwater acoustic, radar, and ESM/ELINT. The Deployable Autonomous Distributed Systems (DADS) Intra-Field data Fusion Project seeks to develop technology to control and fuse sensor information from a field of autonomous sensors in littoral waters. This paper concentrates on the automated classification techniques developed for both the ThAW and DADS projects and the integration of the classification techniques with a multiple hypothesis correlator/tracker.
This paper describes the design and preliminary test results of a 360-degree scanning, multispectral intrusion detection sensor. This moderate-resolution, panoramic imaging sensor is intended for exterior use at range...
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This paper describes the design and preliminary test results of a 360-degree scanning, multispectral intrusion detection sensor. This moderate-resolution, panoramic imaging sensor is intended for exterior use at ranges from 50 to 1500 meters. This Advanced Exterior sensor (AES) uses three sensing technologies (infrared, visible, and radar), separate track processors and sensor fusion to provide low false-alarm intrusion detection, tracking, and immediate visual assessment. The images from the infrared and visible detector sets and the radar range data are updated as the sensors rotate about once per second. The radar provides range data with one-meter resolution. This sensor has been designed for low-cost, easy use and rapid deployment to cover wide areas beyond, or in place of, typical perimeters, and tactical applications around fixed or temporary high-value assets. A prototype AES has been developed and preliminary test results are presented. This sensor represents a growing trend to use low-cost thermal imaging sensors, combined with other devices and advanced processing, for protection of US military forces and other national assets.
The Combat Air Forces have invested heavily in a sensor and weapon capability to detect and attack air targets at long ranges. Unfortunately, the ability to identify these targets lags behind these capabilities. Under...
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The Combat Air Forces have invested heavily in a sensor and weapon capability to detect and attack air targets at long ranges. Unfortunately, the ability to identify these targets lags behind these capabilities. Under the Air Force sponsored Air Target Algorithm Development (ATAD) program, model-based reasoning (MBR) fusion algorithms have been developed and demonstrated for improved air target identification (ID). The expected payoff is a robust ID algorithm that offers improved timelines, increased ID confidence, enhanced target aspect performance, robustness to countermeasures, and longer ID ranges. The technology is applicable to all current and future fighter aircraft.
A knowledge based approach for the interpretation of aerial images is presented that combines cues from multiple sensors (visual, infrared, SAR). The sensor fusion is applied at object level. This allows to use prior ...
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A knowledge based approach for the interpretation of aerial images is presented that combines cues from multiple sensors (visual, infrared, SAR). The sensor fusion is applied at object level. This allows to use prior knowledge to increase the separability of the classes. The prior knowledge is represented explicitly using semantic nets. Interpretation exploits the semantic net to control the sequence of sensor fusion mixing bottom-up and top-down strategies. The presented approach addresses the problem of uncertain and imprecise sensordata by judging the different cues based on possibility theory. Competing interpretations are stored in a search tree. An A*-algorithm selects the most promising, i.e. best judged, interpretation for further investigation.
Under a Phase II SBIR from NASA, a data collection radar was developed to support the NASA program in Automated Napof the Earth (ANOE) guidance for helicopters. The developed radar is comprised of two parts, a sensor ...
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Under a Phase II SBIR from NASA, a data collection radar was developed to support the NASA program in Automated Napof the Earth (ANOE) guidance for helicopters. The developed radar is comprised of two parts, a sensor front end and a digital signal processor. The sensor front end is a wideband, linear FM, 94 GHz millimeter wave radar with dual circular polarization and dual axis monopulse. It provides 10 dB signal-to-noise on a 5 m/sup 2/ target at 1 km. Digital signal processing is employed to provide range compression and monopulse angle beam sharpening. To remain within funding limitations the radar generates a reduced size raster scan of 12.5/spl deg/ /spl times/250/spl times/320 m for collecting data. The range resolution is 3 m, the angle bin size is 0.34/spl deg/, and there is frequency agility over 600 MHz. data was collected from a ground location to verify operation of the radar. The data is displayed in a C-scope format using NASA supplied "Grid World" software.
For a sensor array, time/frequency and many other estimation problems, resolution increases with growing "aperture" or "data window." High resolution with few sampling points can be achieved by usi...
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For a sensor array, time/frequency and many other estimation problems, resolution increases with growing "aperture" or "data window." High resolution with few sampling points can be achieved by using sparse or interferometric-like sampling schemes. We use a combination of the Cramer-Rao and Weiss-Weinstein (1988) bounds to define the region where unambiguous resolution is realized for such sampling schemes. Real data from a frequency-jump burst radar system is used to confirm the theoretical results.
The multi-target and multi-sensor tracking problem is a major topic of interest for air surveillance systems employing one or more sensors, to form and confirm tracks of targets amid a background of noise sources such...
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The multi-target and multi-sensor tracking problem is a major topic of interest for air surveillance systems employing one or more sensors, to form and confirm tracks of targets amid a background of noise sources such as radar clutter. A practical and feasible technique, named here RBT (rule-based tracking) method, is proposed for this tracking problem. We define and implement several rules which field operators are supposed to apply to track initiation, track maintenance, track deletion and track integration. Simulation examples are given to illustrate how this RBT implementation leads to remarkable tracking performance.
Integrating instrumentation into complex systems demands careful planning, execution, and testing. Ballistic missile defense is a complex system with many distributed components: radar and imaging sensors, wireless an...
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Integrating instrumentation into complex systems demands careful planning, execution, and testing. Ballistic missile defense is a complex system with many distributed components: radar and imaging sensors, wireless and satellite communications, digital signal processing nodes, interceptor fire control, and command centers. The U.S. Navy has investigated the feasibility of missile defense through the Light Exo-Atmospheric Projectile (LEAP) experiment. This paper explains the lessons learned by The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory from building, integrating, and testing instrumentation in the LEAP experiment and gives insights for designing complex systems. The biggest challenge in the LEAP experiment involved people: communications between the large number of contractors and their understanding of the interactions between the various instruments. Other concerns included verifying software and system operation, robust data and satellite communications, time and coordinate conversions, and electromagnetic interference. LEAP demonstrated that complex systems and missile defense system in particular, can only work through careful design, dedicated teamwork, clear and continuous communications, and extensive testing.
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