This paper presents a discussion on the feasibility and usefulness of data fusion applied to a suite of dissimilar sensors. This suite comprises surveillance radar, forward looking infrared (FLIR), electronic support ...
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This paper presents a discussion on the feasibility and usefulness of data fusion applied to a suite of dissimilar sensors. This suite comprises surveillance radar, forward looking infrared (FLIR), electronic support measurement (ESM), an interrogation friend and foe (IFF), a synthetic aperture radar (SAR), acoustic sensors and a data link (LINK 11). An analysis of applicable sensor fusion processes is presented followed by a discussion on the expected performance improvements. Finally, a three step incremental approach is proposed with recoverable steps where different level of fusion sophistication can be implemented based on the availability of the technology and the actual status of the sensors.
Methods for the automatic interpretation of complex road traffic scenarios are currently developed on the basis of real measured data. The measurements are performed using a fully polarimetric instrumentation radar at...
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Methods for the automatic interpretation of complex road traffic scenarios are currently developed on the basis of real measured data. The measurements are performed using a fully polarimetric instrumentation radar at 76 GHz. Results of those measurements will be presented, especially with respect to automatic image interpretation. The features of the measurement system are very similar to a prospective automotive radar with the exception of possible Doppler range and physical dimensions. In parallel to the measurement and algorithmic activities, a radarsensor for automotive applications using monolithic integrated millimeter-wave circuits (MMIC) is under development. Real aperture imaging is achieved with a focal plane multibeam array. The most important design criteria are low cost and compactness. System aspects of this radarsensor will be discussed including results of the millimeter-wave circuits.
This paper presents a new method for multisensor tracking of a maneuvering target in dense environment. This is the extension and improvement of the conventional probabilistic data association (PDA). In addition to ra...
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This paper presents a new method for multisensor tracking of a maneuvering target in dense environment. This is the extension and improvement of the conventional probabilistic data association (PDA). In addition to radar measurement, the use of accurate angle data from an infrared (IR) sensor is proposed to improve tracking performance, We propose IR-integrated multiple maneuver model PDA (IM3PDA) filter which combines IR and radarsensordata. The maneuver acceleration is selected from a time invariant set of discrete values and follows a Markov process. In this method, the maneuver of a target increases the prediction covariance as compared with that which is obtained by the standard Kalman filter equations, and so, validation gate size varies automatically with the maneuver of the target. The performance of this method is evaluated in terms of tracking success rates and position estimation accuracy by computer simulation.
The purpose of an intelligent alarm analysis system is to provide complete and manageable information to a central alarm station operator by applying alarm processing and fusion techniques to sensor information. The p...
The purpose of an intelligent alarm analysis system is to provide complete and manageable information to a central alarm station operator by applying alarm processing and fusion techniques to sensor information. The paper discusses the sensor fusion approach taken to perform intelligent alarm analysis for the Advanced Exterior sensor (AES). The AES is an intrusion detection and assessment system designed for wide area coverage, quick deployment, low false/nuisance alarm operation, and immediate visual assessment. It combines three sensor technologies (visible, infrared, and millimeter wave radar) collocated on a compact and portable remote sensor module. The remote sensor module rotates at a rate of 1 revolution per second to detect and track motion and provide assessment in a continuous 360° field-of-regard. sensor fusion techniques are used to correlate and integrate the track data from these three sensors into a single track for operator observation. Additional inputs to the fusion process include environmental data, knowledge of sensor performance under certain weather conditions, sensor priority, and recent operator feedback. A confidence value is assigned to the track as a result of the fusion process. This helps to reduce nuisance alarms and to increase operator confidence in the system while reducing the workload of the operator
In this paper we introduce a common framework for evaluating the performance of multiple weight, partially adaptive space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithms in terms of composite weight vectors. We then evalua...
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In this paper we introduce a common framework for evaluating the performance of multiple weight, partially adaptive space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithms in terms of composite weight vectors. We then evaluate the performance of these STAP algorithms using synthetic and Mountain Top (MT) data (for airborne early warning radar) and address some limitations of high dimensional STAP algorithms in a nonstationary clutter environment. As part of the evaluation, we also familiarize the reader with the MT database and address important issues in processing the data.
Future wide-area surveillance systems will collect prodigious amounts of SAR imagery. To make these systems economical, it is necessary to squeeze the large amount of SAR imagery through an available communications li...
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Future wide-area surveillance systems will collect prodigious amounts of SAR imagery. To make these systems economical, it is necessary to squeeze the large amount of SAR imagery through an available communications link. Even systems with moderate resolution and a single-polarization channel can yield stressing communications bottlenecks. Communication requirements become more acute as sensor capabilities increase; better resolution and additional polarization channels imply larger amounts of data to be transmitted. However, by applying automatic target detection and recognition (ATD/R) techniques to the imagery onboard the sensor platform, it is possible to ameliorate the communication requirements. The ATD/R algorithms identify regions of interest, where the imagery is transmitted at nominal fidelity and bit rate; the background is transmitted at lower fidelity and bit rate, thereby saving communication bandwidth. ATD/R algorithms are more effective with improved sensor capabilities, making it possible to reduce background clutter more effectively. In this paper, we show that when using this concept, sensors with improved capability require only marginally greater communication bandwidth. In some cases, sensors with improved capability require less communication bandwidth.
This paper addresses the problem of adaptive decontamination of HF radar signals corrupted by propagation through the ionosphere. Ensembles of radar returns from adjacent resolution cells experiencing highly correlate...
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This paper addresses the problem of adaptive decontamination of HF radar signals corrupted by propagation through the ionosphere. Ensembles of radar returns from adjacent resolution cells experiencing highly correlated contamination are used to provide stochastic identification of multiplicative phase smearing, as distinct from the occurrence of superimposed multimode returns. A MUSIC-type procedure is elaborated for estimating the phase path smearing function. For the multimode contamination situation, a constrained spectral deconvolution approach is developed to estimate the corresponding single-mode spectrum. Simulations and real data are used to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methods.
This paper introduces the field of remote sensing using radar and explains some of the ways in which this relatively new technology can be applied to the development of Southern Africa. Active and passive radarsensor...
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This paper introduces the field of remote sensing using radar and explains some of the ways in which this relatively new technology can be applied to the development of Southern Africa. Active and passive radarsensors are discussed. The need for remote sensing user training in radar techniques is stressed, as well as the need for a local airborne sensor. The difference between airborne and satellite sensors is discussed. An update of radar remote sensing activities in Southern Africa is given. The existing large body of satellite data is mentioned as a good starting point for environmental applications.
In the mid-1980s the author led the Falkland Island research project into ground-probing radar for mine detection. The project was the first major demonstration of the use of digital signal processing to analyse groun...
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In the mid-1980s the author led the Falkland Island research project into ground-probing radar for mine detection. The project was the first major demonstration of the use of digital signal processing to analyse ground-probing radardata. Since the first effective demonstration of plastic mine detection, using research standard equipment in the Falkland Islands project, the development of ground-probing radartechnology and systems has advanced significantly. The objective of this paper is to illustrate that development, and indicate how it can be re-directed to the realisation of effective mine detection equipment. Three systems developed by EMRAD are discussed: the man portable real-time Concept Demonstrator Mine Detection System, built at the time of the Gulf War; Pipe Hawk, EMRAD's universal pipe and cable detection system, designed as a street machine to be operated by utility company personnel; and a Multi-Channel radar capability mainly used for highway inspection, but which demonstrates an area search capability. The main features of these systems are described, and their deployment for mine detection discussed.
The mitigation of interference due to combinations of monostatic clutter and terrain scattered interference (TSI) presents unique 3-D adaptive processing problem. We propose a method of factored processing consisting ...
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The mitigation of interference due to combinations of monostatic clutter and terrain scattered interference (TSI) presents unique 3-D adaptive processing problem. We propose a method of factored processing consisting of TSI cancellation followed by monostatic clutter nulling. The focus of this paper is on the development of a TSI mitigation method which permits full space-time processing for monostatic clutter cancellation. The proposed beamspace method preserves the spatial dimension during TSI mitigation. The factored processor is successfully demonstrated on experimental data.
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