In this paper we consider a traffic engineering (TE) approach to ipnetworks in a hybrid IGP/MPLS environment. Though IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) routing has proven its scalability and reliability, effective traff...
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In this paper we consider a traffic engineering (TE) approach to ipnetworks in a hybrid IGP/MPLS environment. Though IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) routing has proven its scalability and reliability, effective traffic engineering has been difficult to achieve in public ipnetworks because of the limited functional capabilities of conventional ip technologies. MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) on the one hand enhances the possibility to engineer traffic on ipnetworks by allowing explicit routes. But on the other hand it suffers from the scalability (N-square) problem. Hybrid IGP/MPLS approaches rely on ip native routing as much as possible and use MPLS only if necessary. In this work we propose a novel hybrid traffic engineering method based on genetic algorithms, which can be considered as an offline TE approach to handle long or medium-term traffic variations in the range days, weeks or months. In our approach the maximum number of hops an LSP (Label Switched Path) may take and the number of LSPS which are applied solely to improve the routing performance, are treated as constraints due to delay considerations and the complexity of management. We apply our method to the German scientific network (B-WIN) for which a traffic matrix is available and also to some other networks with a simple demand model. We will show results comparing this hybrid IGP/MPLS routing scenario with the result of pure IGP routing and that of a full mesh MPLS with and without traffic splitting.
The exponential growth of the Internet, the heterogeneity of networks, and the need for QoS maintenance have urged researchers to develop ideas for managing network scalability and end-to-end QoS assurance. In this ar...
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The exponential growth of the Internet, the heterogeneity of networks, and the need for QoS maintenance have urged researchers to develop ideas for managing network scalability and end-to-end QoS assurance. In this article an ip IntServ architecture in the satellite access network is combined with a scalable ip DiffServ-like architecture in the terrestrial core network. The proposed architecture aims at guaranteeing fine-grained bandwidth control in the satellite access network and stateless scalability in the core network, by exploiting per-aggregate traffic flow control, typical of the Aggregate RSVP protocol, and stateless service assurance, typical of the SCORE approach.
This paper provides a performance analysis of lost/delayed traffic and control load for various quality of service (QoS)-routing methods, which control a network's response to traffic demands and other stimuli, su...
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This paper provides a performance analysis of lost/delayed traffic and control load for various quality of service (QoS)-routing methods, which control a network's response to traffic demands and other stimuli, such as traffic overloads, link failures, or node failures. Essentially all of the methods analyzed are already widely applied in operational networks worldwide, particularly in PSTN networks employing TDM-based technology. However, the methods are shown to be extensible to packet-based technologies, in particular, to Internet protocol (ip)based technologies. Results of performance analysis models are presented which illustrate the tradeoffs between various approaches. Based on the results of these studies as well as established practice and experience, methods for dynamic QoS routing and admission control are proposed for consideration in network evolution to ip-based technologies. In particular, we find that aggregated per-virtual-network bandwidth allocation compares favorably with per-flow allocation. We also find that event-dependent routing (EDR) methods for management of label switched paths perform just as well or better than the state-dependent routing methods with flooding, which means that EDR path selection has potential to significantly enhance network scalability. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
This paper introduces the third-generation High Bandwidth Memory (HBM3) HOST PHY, achieving a data rate of 7.2 Gbps per pin, designed on Intel 4 technology and utilizing embedded multi-die interconnect bridge (EMIB) b...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798331522445
ISBN:
(纸本)9798331522452
This paper introduces the third-generation High Bandwidth Memory (HBM3) HOST PHY, achieving a data rate of 7.2 Gbps per pin, designed on Intel 4 technology and utilizing embedded multi-die interconnect bridge (EMIB) based packaging. The design attains low energy efficiency (pJ/bit) through the use of unterminated N-N low swing transmitters and unmatched receive paths. To address N-UI supply-induced deterministic jitter, the entire clocking path is maintained under an internally generated linear voltage regulator (LVR). Advanced I/O training for PHY memory read/write operations is implemented using the proposed per bit deskew (PBD) for per pin eye optimization. Additionally, eye degradation due to temperature drift is mitigated in both write and read directions through a novel on-the-fly periodic sampling-point update mechanism, which operates without interrupting traffic.
The Internet of Drones (IoD) has recently gained popularity in several areas, such as military operations, smart agriculture, traffic analysis and Search And Rescue (SAR). In a SAR mission, drones' localization is...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350368369
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350368376
The Internet of Drones (IoD) has recently gained popularity in several areas, such as military operations, smart agriculture, traffic analysis and Search And Rescue (SAR). In a SAR mission, drones' localization is a key element of IoD. It is a fundamental process in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), where environmental and location data are intimately linked. However, the protection of the drone's localization from security attacks and threats like injection of false locations and data by malicious drones, remains a major concern. In this paper, we present a novel approach for securing drone's localization during SAR mission using Intrusion Prevention System (ipS). Our main objective is to detect any trajectory deviation using the anomaly behavior based on node's reputation and to isolate malicious drones when an alert is triggered. Our model consists of a Master Drone (MD), selected based on its high performance compared to other drones, and a Ground control Station (GCS) that configures the drones with the necessary parameters for the mission. The MD is synchronized with GCS to analyze the behavior of other drones using our ipS and a reputation value to determine if there is a significant deviation, indicating that the planned trajectory has been modified or altered. The proposed system model is based on ipS and trust management in order to detect the deviation of drones from their already configured trajectory planning. A case study of the proposed framework is provided in this paper.
A network emulator enables real hosts to interact via a virtual network. It combines a real-time network simulator with a mechanism to capture packets from and write packets to a real network. Packets generated by ext...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081944250X
A network emulator enables real hosts to interact via a virtual network. It combines a real-time network simulator with a mechanism to capture packets from and write packets to a real network. Packets generated by external hosts interact with synthetic traffic within the virtual network, providing a controlled environment for testing real Internet applications. This paper focuses on two aspects related to the scalability of network emulators. The scalability of the virtual network run within the emulator and the scalability of the number of external hosts that can interact via the emulator, parallel discrete event simulation (PDES) techniques can be concurrently. For the scalability of the virtual network. employed. The scalability of the number of external hosts requires handling varying amounts of network I/O and mapping packets into the simulator efficiently. These issues are discussed in terms of work being done on the Internet Protocol traffic and Network Emulator (ip-TNE) developed at the University of Calgary.
This paper explores the economics of scalable network services by posing two simple questions. First, what is the difference between scale economies and scalability? Second, why and how should we scale network service...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081944250X
This paper explores the economics of scalable network services by posing two simple questions. First, what is the difference between scale economies and scalability? Second, why and how should we scale network services for competition and cooperation? By answering these questions in the context of network services such as multicast, QoS and web caching, we gain some insight into the tradeoffs involved in the design of scalable network services.
This short paper presents the results of a research on the design, implementation and analysis of a packet scheduling mechanism for multi-traffic classes in the context of DiffServ networks. Our studies aimed at provi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769520375
This short paper presents the results of a research on the design, implementation and analysis of a packet scheduling mechanism for multi-traffic classes in the context of DiffServ networks. Our studies aimed at providing QoS assurances to real-time applications over ipnetworks. We began by identifying that QoS performance guarantees per-class of traffic aggregate are inherently required in the core of the Internet. We assume that traffic classification based on the application QoS requirements is an indispensable feature for providing QoS guarantees to a wide variety of real-time applications like voice over ip (Voip) and video conferencing due to the scalability issues.
Internet protocol (ip) traffic on the Internet and private enterprise networks has been growing exponentially for some time, This growth is beginning to stress the traditional processor-based design of current-day rou...
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Internet protocol (ip) traffic on the Internet and private enterprise networks has been growing exponentially for some time, This growth is beginning to stress the traditional processor-based design of current-day routers. Switching technology offers much higher aggregate bandwidth, but presently only offers a layer-2 bridging solution. Various proposals are under way to support ip routing over an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network, However, these proposals hide the real network topology from the ip layer by treating the data-link layer as a large opaque network cloud. We argue that this leads to complexity, inefficiency, and duplication of functionality in the resulting network. We propose an alternative in which we discard the end-to-end ATM connection and integrate fast ATM hardware directly with ip, preserving the connectionless nature of ip. We use soft-state in the ATM hardware to cache the ip forwarding decision. This enables further traffic on the same ip flow to be snitched by the ATM hardware rather than forwarded by ip software, We claim that this approach combines the simplicity, scalability, and robustness of ip with the speed, capacity, and multiservice traffic capabilities of ATM.
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