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UWAN-MAC: An energy-efficient MAC protocol for underwater acoustic wireless sensor networks

IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING 2007年第3期32卷 710-720页

作者： Park, Min Kyoung Rodoplu, Volkan Univ Calif Santa Barbara Dept Elect & Comp Engn Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA

In this paper, we propose a distributed, scalable, energy-efficient media access control (MAC) protocol that works despite long, unknown propagation delays of the underwater acoustic medium. This protocol can be used for delay-tolerant applications such as underwater ecological sensor networks between energy-limited nodes. Our protocol differs significantly from ALOHA, multiple access with collision avoidance (MACA), and the media access protocol for wireless LANs (MACAW) in that energy is the main performance metric in our case rather than bandwidth utilization. We show that under a realistic underwater sensor network scenario, our MAC protocol wastes only 4% of the transmit energy and only 1.5% of the receive energy due to collisions, when the average number of neighbors is four, and the duty cycle is 0.004. This distributed, scalable MAC protocol has the potential to serve as a primer for the development of energy-efficient MAC protocols for future underwater sensor networks.

关键词： energy media access control (MAC) protocol sensor underwater acoustic wireless

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Sensitivity analysis of an information fusion tool: OWA operator

Sensitivity analysis of an information fusion tool: OWA oper...

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conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information fusion

作者： Zarghaami, Mahdi Ardakanian, Reza Szidarovszky, Ferenc Sharif Univ Tech Dept Civil Engn 1 Tehran 113659313 Iran Univ Arizona Syst & Ind Engn Dept Tucson AZ 85721 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466938

The successful design and application of the Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) method as an information fusion tool depend on the efficient computation of its order weights. The most popular methods for determining the order weights are the Fuzzy Linguistic Quantifiers approach and the Minimal Variability method which give different behavior patterns for OWA. These methods will be compared by using Sensitivity Analysis on the outputs of OWA with respect to the optimism degree of the decision maker. The theoretical results are illustrated in a water resources management problem. The Fuzzy Linguistic Quantifiers approach gives more information about the behavior of the OWA outputs in comparison to the Minimal Variability method. However, in using the Minimal Variability method, the OWA has a linear behavior with respect to the optimism degree and therefore it has better computation efficiency.

关键词： information fusion OWA sensitivity analysis optimism degree fuzzy linguistic quantifiers minimal variability method

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Data fusion with a multisensor system for damage control and situational awareness

Data fusion with a multisensor system for damage control and...

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IEEE conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance

作者： Minor, Christian P. Johnson, Kevin J. Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L. Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. Wales, Stephen C. Steinhurst, Daniel A. Gottuk, Daniel T. Nova Res Inc Alexandria VA USA US Naval Res Lab Washington DC USA Hughes Associates Inc Baltimore MD USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424416950

The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has developed an affordable, multisensory, real-time detection system for damage control and situational awareness, called "Volume sensor." The system provides standoff identification of events within a space (e.g. flaming and smoldering fires, pipe ruptures, and gas releases) for U.S. Navy vessels. A data fusion approach was used to integrate spectral sensors, acoustic sensors, and video image detection algorithms. Bayesian-based decision algorithms improved event detection rates while reducing false positives. Full scale testing demonstrated that the prototype Volume sensor performed as well or better than commercial video image detection and point-detection systems in critical quality metrics for fire detection while also providing additional situational awareness. The design framework developed for Volume sensor can serve as a template for the integration of heterogeneous sensors into networks for a variety of real-time sensing and situational awareness applications.

关键词： situational awareness Multisensor systems Damage control Data fusion Awareness data integration Detection systems smoldering fire detection VIDEO IMAGES sensors burning Laboratory Research Navy

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Real-time data fusion of road traffic and ETC data for road network monitoring

Real-time data fusion of road traffic and ETC data for road ...

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conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information fusion

作者： de Mouzon, Olivier El Faouzi, Nour-Eddin Lab Ingn Circulat Transports LICIT INRETS Trasport & Traff Engn Lab F-69675 Bron France

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466938

In our present work we introduce the use of data fusion in the field of Transportation and more precisely for motorway travel time estimation. We present an Ad-hoc approach as the operational foundation for the development of a novel travel time estimation algorithm, called Modified Cumulative Traffic Counts Method (MCTC). Based on a data fusion paradigm, we combine in real time multiple evidence derived from two complementary sources to feed our MCTC inference engine and attempt to best estimate prevailing travel time. Our approach has as its main advantages the modeling power of Theory of Evidence in expressing beliefs in some hypotheses, the ability to add the notions of uncertainty in terms of confidence interval. We evaluate our travel estimation algorithm prototype through a set of experiments that were conducted with real network traffic. We conclude that data fusion is a promising approach as it increases the estimation and prediction capability of our MCTC algorithm and increase the robustness of the estimation process.

关键词： travel time data fusion ETC data ground detector data real-time ITS

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Collective agents interpolative integral (CAII) for asymmetric threat detection

Collective agents interpolative integral (CAII) for asymmetr...

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conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information fusion

作者： Zhu, Qiuming O'Hara, Stephen Simon, Michael Lindahl, Eric Petrov, Plamen Univ Nebraska Dept Comp Sci Omaha NE 68182 USA 21st Century Syst Inc Omaha NE 68106 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466938

This paper presents a reasoning system that pools the judgments from a set of inference agents with information from heterogeneous sources to generate a consensus opinion that reduces uncertainty and improves knowledge quality. The system, called Collective Agents Interpolation Integral (CAII), addresses a high level data fusion problem by combining, in a mathematically sound manner, multi-models of inference in knowledge intensive multi agent architecture. Two major issues are addressed in CAII. One is the ability of the inference mechanisms to deal with hybrid data inputs from multiple information sources and map the diverse data sets to a uniform representation in an objective space of reasoning and integration. The other is the ability of the system architecture to allow the continuous and discrete outputs of a diverse set of inference agents to interact, cooperate, and integrate.

关键词： intelligent agents information fusion multi-model inference uncertainty reduction asymmetric threat detection

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H²LIFT -: Global navigation simulation Ship tracking and WMD detection in the maritime domain

H<SUP>2</SUP>LIFT -: Global navigation simulation Ship track...

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conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information fusion

作者： Wyffels, Kevin Rochester Inst Technol Rochester NY 14623 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466938

This paper presents initial results for a tracking simulation of multiple maritime vehicles for use in a data fusion program detecting Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). This simulation supports a fusion algorithm ((HLIFT)-L-2) for collecting and analyzing data providing a heuristic analysis tool for detecting weapons of mass destruction in the maritime domain. Tools required to develop a navigational simulation fitting a set of project objectives are introduced for integration into the (HLIFT)-L-2 algorithm. Emphasis is placed on the specific requirements of the (HLIFT)-L-2 project, however the basic equations, algorithms, and methodologies can be used as tools in a variety of scenario simulations. Discussion will be focused on track modeling (e.g. position tracking of ships), navigational techniques, WMD detection, and simulation of these models using Matlab and Simulink. Initial results provide absolute ship position data for a given multi-ship maritime scenario with random generation of a given ship containing a WMD. Required coordinate systems, conversions between coordinate systems, Earth modeling techniques, and navigational conventions and techniques are introduced for development of the simulations.

关键词： maritime security national defense multi-source information fusion

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The ARL Multi-Modal sensor: A research tool for target signature collection, algorithm validation, and emplacement studies

The ARL Multi-Modal Sensor: A research tool for target signa...

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IEEE conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

作者： Houser, Jeff Zong, Lei USA Res Lab 2800 Powder Mill Rd Adelphi MD 20783 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424411795

The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has a significant program involving the development of UGS (Unattended Ground sensors) that addresses a variety of military and government missions. ARL's program involves practically every aspect of sensor development including devices, detection and fusion algorithms, communications, and command and control. One element of the ARL UGS program involves the development of low cost sensing techniques for the urban environment and one embodiment of this effort is the Multi-Modal sensor (MMS). The program objectives of this effort were to develop a networked personnel detection sensor with the following major criteria: low cost in volume production, support for MOUT (Military Operations in Urban Terrain) missions, and employ non-imaging sensor diversity techniques. The AIMS sensor was an early prototype intended to demonstrate that low cost sensing techniques were suitable for the urban environment and a viable alternative to higher cost and fidelity sensors for some applications. The MMS is used today as a demonstration system and a test bed for many facets of urban sensing. This chapter will describe many aspects of the MMS design including: hardware, software, and communications. The detection algorithms will also be described including the collection of target signatures and validation of algorithm performance. Finally, MMS usage in a force protection application will be described including issues encountered when integrating into a larger system.

关键词： Optical sensors

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An energy-efficient cooperative algorithm for data estimation in wireless sensor networks

An energy-efficient cooperative algorithm for data estimatio...

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2007 Canadian conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, CCECD

作者： Heshmati, Ashkan Reza Soleymani, M. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University Montreal QC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)1424410215

In Wireless sensor Networks (WSN), nodes operate on batteries and network's lifetime depends on energy consumption of the nodes. Consider the class of sensor networks where all nodes sense a single phenomenon at different locations and send messages to a fusion Center (FC) in order to estimate the actual information. In classical systems all data processing tasks are done in the FC and there is no processing or compression before transmission. In the proposed algorithm, network is divided into clusters and data processing is done in two parts. The first part is performed in each cluster at the sensor nodes after local data sharing and the second part will be done at the fusion Center after receiving all messages from clusters. Local data sharing results in more efficient data transmission in terms of number of bits. We also take advantage of having the same copy of data at all nodes of each cluster and suggest a virtual Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (V-MIMO) architecture for data transmission from clusters to the FC. A Virtual-MIMO network is a set of distributed nodes each having one antenna. By sharing their data among themselves, these nodes turn into a classical MIMO system. In the previously proposed cooperative/virtual MIMO architectures there has not been any data processing or compression in the conference phase. We modify the existing V-MIMO algorithms to suit the specific class of sensor networks that is of our concern. We use orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (STBC) for MIMO part and by simulation show that this algorithm saves considerable energy compared to classical systems. ©2007 IEEE.

关键词： MIMO systems

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Energy saving in joint acoustic-video target detection and tracking

Energy saving in joint acoustic-video target detection and t...

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conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air sensor Technologies and applications IX

作者： Zhang, Shuqun Kahanda, Galathara Ananda CUNY Coll Staten Isl Dept Comp Sci Staten Isl NY 10314 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466846

Fusing acoustic and visual data has the potential to significantly improve target tracking performance by exploiting the complementary and redundant information. However, it is not clear how to efficiently fuse these two modalities and how to reduce the high energy consumption of video sensors to improve network lifespan. High energy requirement of video sensors is mainly due to the high sample acquisition cost and high computational complexity of target detection algorithms. We address the computation energy by performing target detection in a region-of-interest and studying target detection algorithms' computational complexity and data fusion architecture. Some strategies are proposed to help video sensors in performing target detection and reducing the power consumption by incorporating the acoustic detection result. We study two widely used target detection algorithms, background subtraction and snake, for their use in joint acoustic-video tracking, and analyze their computational complexities and memory requirements. We hope that the analysis can effectively guide the designer to select the most suitable algorithm and architecture for a given scenario or application.

关键词： wireless sensor network target detection target tracking

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Fast variable selection for gas sensing applications

Fast variable selection for gas sensing applications

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Electronics, Robotics and Automotive Mechanics conference

作者： Gualdron, O. Torres, I. Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica Universidad de Pamplona Km 1 via Bucaramanga Colombia

ISBN: (纸本)9780769529745

We introduce a new variable selection approach, which converges much faster to the optimal set of variables for a given application. The new procedure runs in two steps. First, a coarse and very fast variable selection procedure, is applied: A figure of merit is defined and computed for every variable, a threshold value set and only the variables whose figure of merit is higher than the threshold are retained for further selection. Then, a fine-tuning selection based either on deterministic or stochastic methods is conducted on the variable subset that resulted from the first step. The method is demonstrated using a database consisting of vapors of acetone, ammonia and o-xylene and their binary mixtures (120 variables/measurement). Vapors can be simultaneously identified and quantified with a 92.7% success rate and the time needed for variable selection is reduced at least by a factor of 4

关键词： deterministic algorithms gas sensors sensor fusion stochastic processes deterministic method fine-tuning selection gas sensing application stochastic method threshold value set vapor database variable selection variable subset Input variables deterministic algorithms deterministic approach sensor fusion Markov chain Gas sensors remote sensing application Stochastic Processes

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