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IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology conference

作者： Claudio De Capua Stefano De Falco Rosario Morello Dept. of Computer Science and Electrical Technologies University “Mediterranea” of Reggio Calabria Reggio Calabria Italy Department of Electrical Engineering University of Naples “Federico II” Naples Italy

This paper proposes an innovative design of a Web-sensor network for environmental monitoring of the electromagnetic pollution. A remote control application allows to process acquired data and available information by an original data fusion procedure. The aim is to verify the compliance of the exposure levels to electromagnetic field with the limits established from law. The measurement system is a configurable network of wireless and smart Web-sensors distributed along an urban area. The implemented sensing units measure the electromagnetic field in high and low frequency ranges and, by General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) communication, acquired data are transmitted to WEB pages. By means of an original algorithm the whole area is divided in several local zones, where an equal number of sensors has the task to monitor specific zones. The clustering algorithm uses environmental and topographical information in order to configure the network and the monitoring map. So, the number and size of the zones are variable according to the desired resolution. A proposed Statistical Model allows to estimate the reliability curve over time of each sensor in order to get knowledge on its operating state. Starting from the available information, a remote workstation performs the data fusion procedure. Alarm and warning occurrences are singled out. A final report shows the zones which require greater attention so to plan suitable interventions on the area. Quality indexes provide indication on reliability and consistency of the result.

关键词： Remote monitoring Electromagnetic fields Pollution measurement Electromagnetic measurements Clustering algorithms Area measurement Wireless sensor networks Urban areas Frequency measurement Measurement units

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Distributed Data Stream Clustering: A Fast EM-based Approach

Distributed Data Stream Clustering: A Fast EM-based Approach

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International conference on Data Engineering

作者： Aoying Zhou Feng Cao Ying Yan Chaofeng Sha Xiaofeng He Fudan University China Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424408024

Clustering data streams has been attracting a lot of research efforts recently. However, this problem has not received enough consideration when the data streams are generated in a distributed fashion, whereas such a scenario is very common in real life applications. There exist constraining factors in clustering the data streams in the distributed environment: the data records generated are noisy or incomplete due to the unreliable distributed system; the system needs to on-line process a huge volume of data; the communication is potentially a bottleneck of the system. All these factors pose great challenge for clustering the distributed data streams. In this paper, we proposed an EM-based (Expectation Maximization) framework to effectively cluster the distributed data streams, with the above fundamental challenges in mind. In the presence of noisy or incomplete data records, our algorithms learn the distribution of underlying data streams by maximizing the likelihood of the data clusters. A test-and-cluster strategy is proposed to reduce the average processing cost, which is especially effective for online clustering over large data streams. Our extensive experimental studies show that the proposed algorithms can achieve a high accuracy with less communication cost, memory consumption and CPU time.

关键词： Clustering algorithms Costs Working environment noise Testing Application software Partitioning algorithms sensor fusion Gaussian processes Iterative algorithms Chaotic communication

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Multimodal Surveillance: an Introduction

Multimodal Surveillance: an Introduction

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conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： Zhigang Zhu Thomas S. Huang Computer Science Department CUNY New York NY USA Beckman Institute University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana-Champaign IL USA

Multimodal sensing, data processing, and system integration are still in a fast growing stage of research and development. Much work needs to be done to ensure successful real-world, large-scale surveillance applications. The collection in this book is just samples of some representative works in the field and therefore by no means to be complete. However, we hope this collection will stimulate more interests in the research and development of multimodal surveillance techniques, including the further developments of multimodal sensors, multimodal data fusion algorithms, and multimodal surveillance systems.

关键词： Surveillance Multimodal sensors sensor systems Costs Biometrics Humans Biosensors Books Face recognition Cities and towns

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Self-Organized Hebbian Inference of Environment Topology by Distributed sensor Networks

Self-Organized Hebbian Inference of Environment Topology by ...

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International Joint conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Payal Shah Hemant Ramaswami Ali A. Minai Electrical and Computer Engineering and Computer Science Department University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA Department of Mechanical Industrial and Nuclear Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

Ad hoc wireless sensor networks are emerging as an important technology for applications such as environmental monitoring, battlefield surveillance and infrastructure security. While most research so far has focused on the network aspects of these systems (e.g., routing, scheduling, etc.), the capacity for scalable, in-field information processing is potentially their most important attribute. Networks that can infer the phenomenological structure of their environment can use this knowledge to improve both their sensing performance and their resource usage. These intelligent networks would require much less a priori design, and be truly autonomous. This paper presents a distributed algorithm for inferring the global topological connectivity of an environment through a simple self-organization algorithm based on Hebbian learning. The application considers sensors distributed over an environment with a network of tracks on which vehicles of various types move according to rules unknown to the sensor network. Each sensor infers the local topology of the track network by comparing its observations with those from neighboring sensors. The complete topology of the network emerges from the distributed fusion of these local views.

关键词： Network topology Wireless sensor networks Monitoring Surveillance Information security Routing Information processing Intelligent networks Distributed algorithms Hebbian theory

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Microphone Arrays as Generalized Cameras for Integrated Audio Visual Processing

Microphone Arrays as Generalized Cameras for Integrated Audi...

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conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： Adam O'Donovan Ramani Duraiswami Jan Neumann Department of Computer Science and UMIACS University of Maryland College Park Department of Computer Science and UMIACS University of Maryland College Park USA Siemens Corporate Research Princeton NJ USA

Combinations of microphones and cameras allow the joint audio visual sensing of a scene. Such arrangements of sensors are common in biological organisms and in applications such as meeting recording and surveillance where both modalities are necessary to provide scene understanding. Microphone arrays provide geometrical information on the source location, and allow the sound sources in the scene to be separated and the noise suppressed, while cameras allow the scene geometry and the location and motion of people and other objects to be estimated. In most previous work the fusion of the audio-visual information occurs at a relatively late stage. In contrast, we take the viewpoint that both cameras and microphone arrays are geometry sensors, and treat the microphone arrays as generalized cameras. We employ computer-vision inspired algorithms to treat the combined system of arrays and cameras. In particular, we consider the geometry introduced by a general microphone array and spherical microphone arrays. The latter show a geometry that is very close to central projection cameras, and we show how standard vision based calibration algorithms can be profitably applied to them. Experiments are presented that demonstrate the usefulness of the considered approach.

关键词： Microphone arrays Cameras sensor arrays Layout Geometry Biosensors Acoustic sensors Biological systems Audio recording Surveillance

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Multi-sensor fusion: an Evolutionary algorithm approach

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INFORMATION fusion 2006年第3期7卷 304-330页

作者： Maslov, Igor V. Gertner, Izidor CUNY City Coll Dept Comp Sci New York NY 10031 USA CUNY Grad Ctr Dept Comp Sci New York NY 10016 USA

Modern decision-making processes rely on data coming from different sources. Intelligent integration and fusion of information from distributed multi-source, multi-sensor network requires an optimization-centered approach. Traditional optimization techniques often fail to meet the demands and challenges of highly dynamic and volatile information flow. New methods are required, which are capable of fully automated adjustment and self-adaptation to fluctuating inputs,and tasks. One such method is Evolutionary algorithms (EA), a generic, flexible, and versatile framework for solving complex problems of global optimization and search in real world applications. The evolutionary approach provides a valuable alternative to traditional methods used in information fusion, due to its inherent parallel nature and its ability to deal with difficult problems. However, the application of the algorithm to a particular problem is often more an art than science. Choosing the right model and parameters requires an in-depth understanding of the morphological development of the algorithm, as well as its recent advances and trends. This paper attempts to give a compact overview of both basic and advanced concepts, models, and variants of Evolutionary algorithms in various implementations and applications particularly those in information fusion. We have brought together material scattered throughout numerous books, journal papers, and conference proceedings. Strong emphasis is made on the practical aspects of the EA implementation, including specific and detailed recommendations drawn from these various sources. However, the practical aspects are discussed from the standpoint of concepts and models, rather than from applications in specific problem domains, which emphasize the generality of the provided recommendations across different applications including information fusion. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： information fusion global optimization heuristic methods evolutionary algorithms genetic algorithm evolution strategies evolutionary programming genetic programming

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A fusion approach for coarse-to-fine target recognition

A fusion approach for coarse-to-fine target recognition

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conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information fusion

作者： Folkesson, Martin Gronwall, Christina Jungert, Erland Swedish Def Res Agcy FOI Box 1165 Linkoping Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)0819462985

A fusion approach in a query based information system is presented. The system is designed for querying multimedia data bases, and here applied to target recognition using heterogeneous data sources. The recognition process is coarse-to-fine, with an initial attribute estimation step and a following matching step. Several sensor types and algorithms are involved in each of these two steps. An independence of the matching results, on the origin of the estimation results, is observed. It allows for distribution of data between algorithms in an intermediate fusion step, without risk of data incest. This increases the overall chance of recognising the target. An implementation of the system is described.

关键词： fusion information system target recognition query language attribute knowledge system

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Target tracking in a two-tiered hierarchical sensor network

Target tracking in a two-tiered hierarchical sensor network

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31st IEEE International conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Vemula, Mahesh Bugallo, Monica F. Djuric, Petar M. SUNY Stony Brook Dept Elect & Comp Engn Stony Brook NY 11794 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424404681

An important application of sensor networks is target tracking and localization. To deal with sensor nodes with limited energy supply and communication bandwidth we propose energy-efficient hierarchical architectures for solving the target tracking problem. In these networks, sensors form clusters and transmit minimal quantized information about a sensed event to a specialized node, known as a cluster head. Cluster heads are equipped with capability of communicating over large distances with a fusion center or a base station. We consider two different hierarchical architectures : (a) the target dynamics are probabilistically estimated at the cluster heads and their statistics combined at the fusion center, and (b) the cluster heads perform simple compression rules on the quantized sensor data and the fusion center estimates the target dynamics using these severely compressed data. Sequential Monte Carlo algorithms for estimation of the target dynamics are used. Through computer simulations the performances of these two architectures are studied.

关键词： sensor networks

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The challenge of scalable and distributed fusion of disparate sources of information

The challenge of scalable and distributed fusion of disparat...

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conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information fusion

作者： Julier, Simon J. Uhlmann, Jeffrey K. Walters, Joshua Mittu, Ranjeev Palaniappan, Kannappan ITT AES NRL 4555 Overlook Ave Washington DC 20375 USA Univ Missouri Dept Comp Sci Columbia MO 65211 USA Naval Res Lab Washington DC 20375 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819462985

A key enabler for Network Centric Warfare (NCW) is a sensor network that can collect and fuse vast amounts of disparate and complementary information from sensors that are geographically dispersed throughout the battlespace. This information will lead to better situation awareness so that commanders will be able to act faster and more effectively. However, these benefits are possible only if the sensor data can be fused and synthesized for distribution to the right user in the right form at the right time within the constraints of available bandwidth. In this paper we consider the problem of developing Level 1 data fusion algorithms for disparate fusion in NCW. These algorithms must be capable of operating in a fully distributed (or decentralized) manner;must be able to scale to extremely large numbers of entities;and must be able to combine many disparate types of data. To meet these needs we propose a framework that consists of three main components: an attribute-based state representation that treats an entity state as a collection of attributes, new methods or interpretations of uncertainty, and robust algorithms for distributed data fusion. We illustrate the discussion in the context of maritime domain awareness, mobile adhoc networks, and multispectral image fusion.

关键词： distributed data fusion disparate data fusion generalized Covariance Intersection correlated data MANET maritime domain awareness

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Distributed sensor data compression algorithm

Distributed sensor data compression algorithm

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conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information fusion

作者： Ambrose, Barry Lin, Freddie Broadata Commun Inc 2545 W 237th St Torrance CA 90505 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819462985

Theoretically it is possible for two sensors to reliably send data at rates smaller than the sum of the necessary data rates for sending the data independently, essentially taking advantage of the correlation of sensor readings to reduce the data rate. In 200 1, Caltech researchers Michelle Effros and Qian Zhao developed new techniques for data compression code design for correlated sensor data, which were published in a paper at the 2001 Data Compression conference (DCC 2001). These techniques take advantage of correlations between two or more closely positioned sensors in a distributed sensor network. Given two signals, X and Y, the X signal is sent using standard data compression. The goal is to design a partition tree for the Y signal. The Y signal is sent using a code based on the partition tree. At the receiving end, if ambiguity arises when using the partition tree to decode the Y signal, the X signal is used to resolve the ambiguity. We have extended this work to increase the efficiency of the code search algorithms. Our results have shown that development of a highly integrated sensor network protocol that takes advantage of a correlation in sensor readings can result in 20-30% sensor data transport cost savings. In contrast, the best possible compression using state-of-the-art compression techniques that did not take into account the correlation of the incoming data signals achieved only 9-10% compression at most. This work was sponsored by MDA, but has very widespread applicability to ad hoc sensor networks, hyperspectral imaging sensors and vehicle health monitoring sensors for space applications.

关键词： information theory data compression sensor networks

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