Tracking multiple ground targets under clutter and in real time poses several likely challenges: vehicles often get masked by foliage or line-of-sight (LOS) problems, manifesting in misdetections and false alarms. Fur...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819457981
Tracking multiple ground targets under clutter and in real time poses several likely challenges: vehicles often get masked by foliage or line-of-sight (LOS) problems, manifesting in misdetections and false alarms. Further complications also arise when groups of vehicles merge or split. This paper presents an attempt to address these issues using a group tracking approach. Group tracking is a way to ameliorate, or at least soften the impact of such issues from the hope that at least partial information will be received from each target group even when the probability of detection, P-D of each individual member is low. A Strongest Neighbour Association (SNA) method of measurement-to-track association based on space-time reasoning and track-measurement similarity measures has been derived. We combine the association strengths of the space-time dynamics, the degree-of-overlap and the historical affinity metrics to relate measurements and tracks. The state estimation is based on standard Kalman filter. Lastly, a Pairwise Historical Affinity Ratios (PHAR) is proposed for the detection of a split scenario. This method has been tested to work well on a simulated convoy-splitting scenario. Monte Carlo experiment runs of six different error rates with five different compositions of errors have been conducted to assess the performance of the tracker. Results indicated that the group tracker remains robust (> 80% precision) even in the presence of high individual source track error rates of up to 30%.
Systems that track sensed data trigger alerts based on the evaluation of some condition. In the presence of loss data a conservative condition may not generate a necessary alert and an aggressive condition may generat...
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Nonlinear distributed target tracking for a single target is addressed in this paper. The problem consists in deriving fusion rules for local full/partial target state estimates processed by a number of sensors. We in...
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Nonlinear distributed target tracking for a single target is addressed in this paper. The problem consists in deriving fusion rules for local full/partial target state estimates processed by a number of sensors. We investigate the general ways for the nonlinear fusion rules with/without feedback implementation via particle filtering algorithms. In particular, we focus on practical application of these ideas for specific multi-sensorarchitectures including low/high bandwidth. Then, these new approaches are applied to the distributed bearings-only tracking problem.
The proceedings contain 26 papers. The special focus in this conference is on Network Control and Engineering for QoS, Security and Mobility. The topics include: Configuration model for network management;on-line cont...
ISBN:
(纸本)0387231978
The proceedings contain 26 papers. The special focus in this conference is on Network Control and Engineering for QoS, Security and Mobility. The topics include: Configuration model for network management;on-line control of service level agreements;revenue-aware resource allocation in the future multi-service IP networks;an efficient mechanism to ensure location privacy in telecom service applications;content location and distribution in converged overlay networks;a communication architecture for real-time auctions;an interference-based prevention mechanism against WEP attack for 802.1 lb network;restricted dynamic programming for broadcast scheduling;performance comparison of distributed frequency assignment algorithms for wireless sensor networks;fast handoff support in an IP-evolved UMTS architecture;storage capacity allocation algorithms for hierarchical content distribution;an inference algorithm for probabilistic fault management in distributed systems;new protocol for grouping data using active network;cross-layer performance evaluation of IP-based applications running over the air interface;collision avoidance issues in metropolitan optical access networks;toward an intelligent bandwidth broker model for resources management in diffserv networks;a learning and intentional local policy decision point for dynamic QoS provisioning;generic IP signaling service protocol;multigroup communication using active networks technology;policy usage in GMPLS optical networks and a context-aware architecture.
The performance of target identification can be improved by fusing the data from multiple sensors. Even though distributed fusion has advantages of lower communication bandwidth, less processing at a central location,...
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The performance of target identification can be improved by fusing the data from multiple sensors. Even though distributed fusion has advantages of lower communication bandwidth, less processing at a central location, and increased robustness over centralized fusion, it has to address technical issues such as the conditional dependence of information to be fused by a fusion agent. This paper presents distributed fusion and communication management algorithms for target identification. Information graphs are used to select fusionarchitectures that minimize the effect of information double counting due to communication. Bayesian networks are used to model the target identification problem and identify the sufficient information that needs to be communicated between processing agents for optimal fusion. Communication strategies are developed to determine when a fusion agent should communicate with another fusion agent. Simulation examples demonstrate the performance of distributed fusion and communication management.
Oppurtunistic Information fusion (OIF) is introduced to enable the same sensors to provide data for multiple applications. sensor location plays a crucial rule to get the maximum amount of useful information. This pap...
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Oppurtunistic Information fusion (OIF) is introduced to enable the same sensors to provide data for multiple applications. sensor location plays a crucial rule to get the maximum amount of useful information. This paper examines the optimal placement of cameras for a Networked Sensing Systems (NSS) that are designed to monitor a pre defined region to have as much coverage as possible with the purpose of serving multiple applications. This can be rephrased as a camera location optimization problem with multiple objective functions. Multi-Objective Genetic algorithms (MOGA) is used with camera coverage as the two objective functions to be maximised
This paper studies the influence of timestamping error on data inaccuracy. Timestamping error refers to all time imperfections inherent in data acquisition and distributed sensorarchitectures. It is represented using...
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This paper studies the influence of timestamping error on data inaccuracy. Timestamping error refers to all time imperfections inherent in data acquisition and distributed sensorarchitectures. It is represented using a bounded error model. In order to estimate the significance of this error in data estimation and data fusion processes, we propose a method to convert the timestamping error into data inaccuracy. We then quantify the proportion of inaccuracy introduced by timestamping error. Real data acquired using an instrumented vehicle are analyzed, and the timestamping error is seen to represent a significant proportion of data inaccuracy. All applications in dynamic environments where a high level of precision is required, as well as applications in distributed environments with clock imperfections, will be concerned by this study.
A multi-frame image fusion scheme is proposed to fuse visual and thermal images for night vision applications. While many previous image fusion approaches perform the fusion on a frame-by-frame basis, this method cons...
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A multi-frame image fusion scheme is proposed to fuse visual and thermal images for night vision applications. While many previous image fusion approaches perform the fusion on a frame-by-frame basis, this method considers optimum use of neighboring frames to incorporate temporal as well as sensorfusion. This fusion scheme is based on a statistical image formation model. The multiple sensor image frames are described as the true scene corrupted by additive non-Gaussian distortion. The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is used to estimate the parameters in the model and to produce the final fused result. The experimental results showed that the EM-based multi-frame image fusion scheme has significant advantage in terms of sensor noise reduction.
In algorithms for tracking and sensor data fusion the targets to be tracked are usually considered as point source objects; i.e., compared to the sensor resolution their extension is neglected. Due to the increasing r...
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In algorithms for tracking and sensor data fusion the targets to be tracked are usually considered as point source objects; i.e., compared to the sensor resolution their extension is neglected. Due to the increasing resolution capabilities of modern sensors, however, this assumption is often not valid: different scattering centers of an object can cause distinct detections when passing the signal processing chain. Examples of extended targets are found in short-range applications (littoral surveillance, autonomous weapons, or robotics). As an extended target also a collectively moving, loosely structured group can be considered. This point of view is all the more appropriate, the smaller the mutual distances between the individual targets are due to the resulting data association and resolution conflicts any attempt of tracking the individual objects is no longer reasonable. With simulated sensor data produced by a partly resolvable aircraft formation the addressed phenomena are illustrated and a Bayesian solution to the resulting tracking problem is proposed. Ellipsoidal object extensions are modeled by random matrices and treated as additional state variables to be estimated or 'tracked'. We expect that the resulting tracking algorithms are relevant also for tracking large, collectively moving target swarms.
Image fusion techniques have begun to play a very important role in night vision systems. In recent years, various image fusion algorithms have been developed to perform the task. However, very few comprehensive studi...
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Image fusion techniques have begun to play a very important role in night vision systems. In recent years, various image fusion algorithms have been developed to perform the task. However, very few comprehensive studies have been conducted to evaluate the performance of fusion methods for night vision applications. In this paper we focus on fusion algorithms especially for the night vision application and employ experimental testing to compare their performance. To judge the performance of image fusion algorithms, we investigate both subjective and objective evaluation measures. Human evaluations of the fusion results are presented. Furthermore, to evaluate image fusion algorithms objectively, we studied various image quality measures, which include some standard quality metrics and other newly developed methods. Extensive performance evaluation experiments show that observers generally prefer the SiDWT and Laplacian pyramid fusion scheme for the considered test images. Further the objective quality measure results show that edge based quality metrics follows human evaluations much closer than the other methods in most of the cases we considered.
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