A physical demonstration of distributed surveillance and tracking is described. The demonstration environment is an outdoor car park overlooked by a system of four rooftop cameras. The cameras extract moving objects f...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819453528
A physical demonstration of distributed surveillance and tracking is described. The demonstration environment is an outdoor car park overlooked by a system of four rooftop cameras. The cameras extract moving objects from the scene, and these objects are tracked in a decentralized way, over a real communication network, using the information form of the standard Kalman filter. Each node therefore has timely access to the complete global picture and because there is no single point of failure in the system, it is robust. The demonstration system and its main components are described here, with an emphasis on some of the lessons we have learned as a result of applying a corpus of distributed data fusion theory and algorithms in practice. Initial results are presented and future plans to scale up the network are also outlined.
In pattern recognition applications, significant costs can be associated with various decision options and a minimum acceptable level of confidence is often required. Combat target identification is one example where ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819453579
In pattern recognition applications, significant costs can be associated with various decision options and a minimum acceptable level of confidence is often required. Combat target identification is one example where the incorrect labeling of Targets and Non-targets incurs substantial costs: yet, these costs may be difficult to quantify. One way to increase decision confidence is through fusion of data from multiple sources or from multiple looks through time. Numerous methods have been published to determine optimal rules for the fusion of decision labels or to determine the Bayes' optimal decision if prior and posterior probabilities along with decision costs can be accurately estimated. This paper introduces a mathematical framework to optimize multiple decision thresholds subject to a decision maker's preferences. when a continuous measure of class membership is available. Decision variables may include rejection thresholds to specify non-declaration regions and ROC thresholds to explore viable trite positive and false positive Target classification rates, where the feasible space can be partially visualized by a 3D ROC surface. This methodology yields an optimal class declaration rule subject to decision maker preferences without using explicit costs associated with each type of decision. Some properties of this optimization framework are shown for Gaussian distributions representing Target and Non-target classes with various prior probabilities and correlation levels between simulated multiple sensor looks.
Registration problem is a prerequisite process for radar networking system to estimate and correct systematic errors accurately Some classical registration algorithms are all based on the stereographic projection,whic...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780385624
Registration problem is a prerequisite process for radar networking system to estimate and correct systematic errors accurately Some classical registration algorithms are all based on the stereographic projection,which introduces errors to the registration of the long distance *** this work,we present a generalized least squares registration algorithm (ECEF-GLS) in an Earth-centered Earth-fixed coordinate *** new approach solves the registration between the long distance sensors,and the covanance of the estimation achieves the Cramer-Rao bound(CRLB) ignoring the errors of the linear *** data are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed *** are made to the ECEF-LS algorithms proposed by Zhou.
Humans use variety of sensors, such as sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste, to gather information from the environment and to make an appropriate decision accordingly. This paper introduces an intelligent model fo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819453579
Humans use variety of sensors, such as sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste, to gather information from the environment and to make an appropriate decision accordingly. This paper introduces an intelligent model for combination of information collected from variety of sensors. The model input is data collected from multi-sensor framework and the output is a combined signature representing the factual evidence for decision-making process. The approach is based on Fuzzy Set Theory where membership sets are defined, then aggregated using Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence. The approach is demonstrated with examples.
Chemical and biological weapons pose a serious threat to the United States armed forces. Early detection of a chemical or biological attack is critical to the safety of soldiers in the field. The Edgewood Chemical and...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819453579
Chemical and biological weapons pose a serious threat to the United States armed forces. Early detection of a chemical or biological attack is critical to the safety of soldiers in the field. The Edgewood Chemical and Biological Center (ECBC) is conducting a study using currently fielded seismic and acoustic sensors to detect chemical and biological attacks. This paper presents some preliminary results.
In this paper, we propose a novel decision fusion algorithm for target tracking in forward looking infrared (FLIR) image sequences recorded from an airborne platform. The algorithm allows the fusion of complementary e...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819453579
In this paper, we propose a novel decision fusion algorithm for target tracking in forward looking infrared (FLIR) image sequences recorded from an airborne platform. The algorithm allows the fusion of complementary ego-motion compensation and tracking algorithms. We identified three modes that contribute to the failure of the tracking system: (1) the sensor ego-motion failure mode, which causes the movement of the target more than the operational limits of the tracking stage;(2) the tracking failure mode, which occurs when the tracking algorithm fails to determine the correct location of the target in the new frame;(3) the distortion of the reference image failure mode, which happens when the reference image accumulates walk-off error, specially when the target is changing in size, shape or orientation from frame to frame. The proposed algorithm prevents these failure modes from developing unrecoverable tracking failures. The overall performance of the algorithm is guaranteed to be much better than any individual tracking algorithm used in the fusion. The experiments performed on the AMCOM FLIR data set verify the robustness of the algorithm.
In this paper, we consider the distributed classification problem in wireless sensor networks. The DCFECC-SD approach employing the binary code matrix has recently been proposed to cope with the errors caused by both ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819453579
In this paper, we consider the distributed classification problem in wireless sensor networks. The DCFECC-SD approach employing the binary code matrix has recently been proposed to cope with the errors caused by both sensor faults and the effect of fading channels. The DCFECC-SD approach extends the DCFECC approach by using soft decision decoding, to combat channel fading. However, the performance of the system employing the binary code matrix could be degraded if the distance between different hypotheses can not be kept large. This situation could happen when the number of sensor is small or the number of hypotheses is large. In this paper, we design the DCFECC-SD approach employing the D-ary code matrix, where D > 2. Simulation results show that the performance of the DCFECC-SD approach employing the D-ary code matrix is better than that of the DCFECC-SD approach employing the binary code matrix. Performance evaluation of DCFECC-SD using different number of bits of local decision information is also provided when the total channel energy output from each sensor node is fixed.
The wireless intelligent monitoring and analysis systems is a proof-of-concept directed at discovering solution(s) for providing decentralized intelligent data analysis and control for distributed containers equipped ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819453579
The wireless intelligent monitoring and analysis systems is a proof-of-concept directed at discovering solution(s) for providing decentralized intelligent data analysis and control for distributed containers equipped with wireless sensing units. The objective was to embed smart behavior directly within each wireless sensor container, through the incorporation of agent technology into each sensor suite. This approach provides intelligent directed fusion of data based on a social model of teaming behavior. This system demonstrates intelligent sensor behavior that converts raw sensor data into group knowledge to better understand the integrity of the complete container environment. The emergent team behavior is achieved with lightweight software agents that analyze sensor data based on their current behavior mode. When the system starts-up or is reconfigured the agents self-organize into virtual random teams based on the leader/member/lonely paradigm. The team leader collects sensor data from their members and investigates all abnormal situations to determine the legitimacy of high sensor readings. The team leaders flag critical situation and report this knowledge back to the user via a collection of base stations. This research provides insight into the integration issues and concerns associated with integrating multi-disciplinary fields of software agents, artificial life and autonomous sensor behavior into a complete system.
This paper provides an introduction to sensorfusion techniques for target tracking. It presents an overview of common filtering techniques that are effective for moving targets as well as methods of overcoming proble...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780383354
This paper provides an introduction to sensorfusion techniques for target tracking. It presents an overview of common filtering techniques that are effective for moving targets as well as methods of overcoming problems specific to target tracking, such as measurement-to-track association and sensor registration. The computational demand of such algorithms is discussed and various practices, including distributed processing of target tracks and sensor management, are proposed to help reduce this demand. Final comments include a discussion of applications and implementation issues specific to the presented scenarios.
Distributed estimation has advantages over centralized estimation in reducing communication bandwidth, distributing the processing load and improving system survivability. One important technical issue in designing di...
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ISBN:
(纸本)917056115X
Distributed estimation has advantages over centralized estimation in reducing communication bandwidth, distributing the processing load and improving system survivability. One important technical issue in designing distributed estimation architectures and algorithms is the proper treatment of dependent information. This paper presents graphical models to represent dependent information in general distributed estimation problems. It reviews the use of information graphs to represent dependence due to communication among processing agents so that common information can be identified to avoid double counting infusion. It introduces Bayesian networks to represent conditional independence of measurements given the system states and recognize the minimal set of random variables that satisfy the conditional independence assumption. Distributed fusion algorithms that avoid double-counting and reduce communication can be designed by using both information graphs and Bayesian networks. Examples in tracking and classification illustrate the utility of this approach.
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