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Principles of data-fusion in multi-sensor systems for non-destructive testing

AIP conference Proceedings 2000年第1期509卷 805-808页

作者： Shmuel Chioclea Phineas Dickstein Parametric Technology Corporation Waltham Massachusetts 02453 Israel Atomic Energy Commission P.O. Box 7061 Tel Aviv 61070 Israel Quality Assurance and Reliability Technion Haifa 32000 Israel

In recent years, there has been progress in the application of measurement and control systems that engage multi-sensor arrays. Several algorithms and techniques have been developed for the integration of the information obtained from the sensors. The fusion of the data may be complicated due to the fact that each sensor has its own performance characteristics, and because different sensors may detect different physical phenomena. As a result, data fusion turns out to be a multidisciplinary field, which applies principles adopted from other fields such as signal processing, artificial intelligence, statistics, and The Theory of Information. The data fusion machine tries to imitate the human brain, in combining data from numerous sensors and making optimal inferences about the environment. The present paper provides a critical review of data fusion algorithms and techniques and a trenchant summary of the experience gained to date from the several preliminary NDT studies which have been applying multi-sensor data fusion systems. Consequently, this paper provides a list of rules and criteria to be followed in future applications of data fusion to nondestructive testing.

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sensor modeling and data processing for airport simulation

Sensor modeling and data processing for airport simulation

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International conference on Information fusion

作者： A. Pasquarelli A. Corsini A. Garzelli Alenia Marconi Systems S.p.A. Rome Italy Department of Information Engineering University of Sienna Siena Italy

This paper presents the SEEDS simulation environment for the evaluation of distributed traffic control systems. The description starts with a general overview of the simulator, targeted for airport surface tragic simulation, and then focuses on the sensor models implemented in the prototype. The surveillance function foreseen in a real Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control Systems (A-SMGCS) has been studied and modeled; suitable set of sensors and signal processing algorithms have been considered and their performances have been analyzed in order to be compliant with the application performance requirements defined by International Organizations. The paper shows the sensor module architecture, how the sensors have been modeled and how the software module has been implemented and integrated in the core simulator. The interactions with the other modules of the simulator and the exchanged messages are also described.

关键词： Data processing Airports Traffic control sensor phenomena and characterization Virtual prototyping Surveillance Control system synthesis sensor systems and applications Signal processing algorithms Signal analysis

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A CAN application layer for an experimental real time obstacle detection study

A CAN application layer for an experimental real time obstac...

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International conference on Intelligent Transportation

作者： M. Wahl G. Doree LEOST Laboratory INRETS-Institute Villeneuve d'Ascq France

This paper deals with a study done in INRETS-LEOST within the framework of the development of a van demonstrator for the online obstacle detection sensor and data fusion algorithm works. It proposes a coding of the CAN identifier that highlights the functions of the system. This coding was structured to ensure a correct access priority to the bus for each system function.

关键词： sensor fusion Laboratories Signal processing algorithms sensor systems Microwave sensors sensor systems and applications Data acquisition Radar detection Cameras Computer networks

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Networking issues in large microsensor nets

Networking issues in large microsensor nets

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Asilomar conference on Signals, Systems & Computers

作者： M. Chevalier S. Blatt D. Mills A. Swami Sanders A Lockheed Martin Company USA Army Research Laboratory USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780365143

Microsensor networks have been proposed for remote sensing applications. These ad-hoc networks may have thousands of nodes; apart from the important scaling issues, interesting problems arise in designing protocols and routing algorithms that maximize the lifetime of the network subject to constraints on bandwidth and energy and complexities due to mobility and changing topology. The network must be able to self-configure and self-localize. This paper gives an overview of the issues involved and then focuses on using multiple network reconfigurations and local fusion to increase the overall system lifetime.

关键词： Intelligent networks Microsensors Peer to peer computing Routing sensor fusion Interference Clustering algorithms Vehicle dynamics Milling machines Ad hoc networks

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Winner take all experts network for sensor validation

Winner take all experts network for sensor validation

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IEEE conference on Control Technology and applications (CCTA)

作者： G.G. Yen Wei Feng Intelligent Systems and Control Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA

The validation of sensor measurements has become an integral part of the operation and control of modern industrial equipment. The sensor under a harsh environment must be shown to consistently provide the correct measurements. Analysis of the validation hardware or software should trigger an alarm when the sensor signals deviate appreciably from the correct values. Neural network based models can be used to estimate critical sensor values when neighboring sensor measurements are used as inputs. The discrepancy between the measured and predicted sensor values may then be used as an indicator for sensor health. The proposed winner take all experts (WTAE) network is based on a 'divide and conquer' strategy. It employs a growing fuzzy clustering algorithm to divide a complicated problem into a series of simpler sub-problems and assigns an expert to each of them locally. After the sensor approximation, the outputs from the estimator and the real sensor value are compared both in the time domain and the frequency domain. Three fault indicators are used to provide analytical redundancy to detect the sensor failure. In the decision stage, the intersection of three fuzzy sets accomplishes a decision level fusion, which indicates the confidence level of the sensor health. Two data sets, the Spectra Quest Machinery Fault Simulator data set and the Westland vibration data set, were used in simulations to demonstrate the performance of the proposed WTAE network. The simulation results show the proposed WTAE is competitive with or even superior to the existing approaches.

关键词： Industrial control Signal analysis Hardware Neural networks Clustering algorithms Frequency estimation Frequency domain analysis Failure analysis Redundancy Fault detection

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Data fusion algorithms based on radar and ADS measurements for ATC application

Data fusion algorithms based on radar and ADS measurements f...

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IEEE International conference on Radar

作者： J.A. Besada J. Garcia G. De Miguel F.J. Jimenez G. Gavin J.R. Casar Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Madrid Spain Torrejon de Ardoz INDRA-DTD Madrid Spain

In this paper we describe a tracking function for air traffic control based on radar and ADS-B messages. The use of both sensors can lead to an important improvement both in track accuracy and overall system integrity. Our system makes use of all measurements available, providing a unique track for each aircraft, correcting sensor biases, using very accurate coordinate conversions, and solving data association prior to data fusion. It has been designed to face an avionics changing environment, and it is able to correctly and accurately track aircraft with different avionics (with or without SSR transponder, or ADS-B avionics), as is shown in the results obtained through simulation.

关键词： Radar applications Radar measurements Radar tracking Aerospace electronics Aircraft navigation Air traffic control sensor systems Surveillance Aerospace control Airborne radar

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An audio-video front-end for multimedia applications

An audio-video front-end for multimedia applications

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IEEE International conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： D. Zotkin R. Duraiswami L. Davis I. Haritaoglu Maryland Univ. College Park MD USA University of Maryland College Park MD USA

applications such as video gaming, virtual reality, multimodal user interfaces and videoconferencing, require systems that can locate and track persons in a room through a combination of visual and audio cues, enhance the sound that they produce, and perform identification. We describe the development of a particular multimodal sensor fusion system that is portable, runs in real time and achieves these objectives. The system employs novel algorithms for acoustical source location, video-based person tracking and overall system control, which are also described.

关键词： Cameras Position measurement Microphones Acoustic noise Application software Speech recognition Working environment noise Videoconference User interfaces Real time systems

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Evolutionary path of UHF secondary imagery dissemination systems (SIDS)

Evolutionary path of UHF secondary imagery dissemination sys...

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MILCOM, Military Communications conference

作者： E. Franke Raytheon Saint Petersburg FL

ISBN: (纸本)0780365216

Secondary imagery dissemination (SID) is the process of post-collection and electronic dissemination of digital imagery and associated data. SID systems (SIDS) provide exploited, non-original, annotated, anonymous-source imagery from intelligence, fusion, and dissemination centers. Ultra-high frequency (UHF) operation penetrates double-canopy jungle or heavy rain to provide imagery from an INTEL center to highly-mobile tactical users. The evolutionary path of UHF SIDS commenced with a system based on previously-fielded equipment for tactical battlefield commanders receiving intelligence information over tactical related applications (TRAP) data dissemination system (TDDS) receivers. As tactical transceivers appeared in the inventory, SIDS networks migrated to dedicated satellite communications (SATCOM) receivers with embedded cryptography giving users talk-back capability for query or tasking the imagery sensor or data fusion center. In concert with the desire for users to share the scarce resource of available SATCOM channels, the SIDS roadmap is turning to DAMA networks for assignment to a wideband (25 kHz) demand-assigned single-access (DASA) channel for transfer of large, compressed imagery files. The near-term hope of re-mining available UHF SATCOM assets for greater bandwidth appears to be feasible with the advent of continuous phase modulation (CPM). Long-term solutions lie in the plans for the mobile user objective system (MUOS). The key to SIDS interoperability is the ability of mandated image formatting and communication protocols to embrace COTS initiatives.

关键词： Intelligent sensors Digital images Frequency Rain Transceivers Satellite communication Cryptography Image sensors sensor fusion Turning

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Multi-source localization in reverberant environments by ROOT-MUSIC and clustering

Multi-source localization in reverberant environments by ROO...

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International conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： E.D. Di Claudio R. Parisi G. Orlandi Infocom Department University of Roma La Sapienza Rome Italy

Localization of acoustic sources in reverberant environments by microphone arrays remains a challenging task in audio signal processing. As a matter of fact, most assumptions of commonly adopted models are not met in real applications. Moreover, in practical systems it is not convenient or possible to employ sophisticated and costly architectures, that require precise synchronization and fast data shuffling among sensors. In this paper, a new robust multi-step procedure for speaker localization in reverberant rooms is introduced and described. The new approach is based on a disturbed harmonics model of time delays in the frequency domain and employs the well-known ROOT-MUSIC algorithm, after a preliminary distributed processing of the received signals. Candidate source positions are then estimated by clustering of raw TDOA estimates. Main features of the proposed approach, compared to previous solutions, are the capability of tracking multiple speakers and the high accuracy of the closed form TDOA estimator.

关键词： Microphone arrays Acoustic arrays Acoustic signal processing Array signal processing Frequency synchronization sensor systems Robustness Delay effects Frequency domain analysis Clustering algorithms

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Super-resolution enhancement of night vision image sequences

Super-resolution enhancement of night vision image sequences

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IEEE International conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： D. Sale R.R. Schultz R.J. Szczerba University of North Dakota USA Lockheed Martin Corporation USA

In several recent movie blockbusters, including Enemy of the State and Patriot Games, scientists magnify digital satellite imagery to determine the identities of people captured on surveillance video. These individuals appear rather blocky at the coarsest resolution scales due to undersampling by the image sensor array, but they become remarkably clear after zooming in on a particular region-of-interest. Obviously, real-world video enhancement algorithms are simply not capable of calculating the perfect results produced in Hollywood. However, additional detail can be extracted from an image sequence by integrating several adjacent digital video frames to compute a high-resolution video still. Extensive prior research has been conducted on the Bayesian super-resolution enhancement of visible light image sequences. For night vision applications, super-resolution enhancement must be applied to image sequences with frames acquired in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Most of these applications are DoD-related (military), and they include the enhancement of infrared reconnaissance and surveillance imagery, as well as the enhancement of infrared imagery for automated target tracking and real time multisensor fusion. Several computational simulations have been performed, which visually depict how well the proposed technique enhances short night vision image sequences consisting of two-to-five frames This technique is capable of increasing resolution by factors up to 16/spl times/, although video stills appear somewhat blocky at higher magnification factors.

关键词： Image resolution Night vision Image sequences Military computing Infrared imaging sensor arrays Infrared surveillance Motion pictures Games Satellites

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