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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 1999"

共 764 条记录，以下是261-270 订阅

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Maritime Surveillance with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Automatic Identification System (AIS) Onboard a Microsatellite Constellation

Maritime Surveillance with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) an...

引用

conference on Image and signal processing for Remote Sensing XVIII

作者： Peterson, E. H. Zee, R. E. Fotopoulos, G. Univ Toronto Inst Aerosp Studies Space Flight Lab 4925 Dufferin St Toronto ON Canada Univ Texas Dallas Dept Geosci Richardson TX 75083 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492777

New developments in small spacecraft capabilities will soon enable formation-flying constellations of small satellites, performing cooperative distributed remote sensing at a fraction of the cost of traditional large spacecraft missions. As part of ongoing research into applications of formation-flight technology, recent work has developed a mission concept based on combining synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with automatic identification system (AIS) data. Two or more microsatellites would trail a large SAR transmitter in orbit, each carrying a SAR receiver antenna and one carrying an AIS antenna. Spaceborne AIS can receive and decode AIS data from a large area, but accurate decoding is limited in high traffic areas, and the technology relies on voluntary vessel compliance. Furthermore, vessel detection amidst speckle in SAR imagery can be challenging. In this constellation, AIS broadcasts of position and velocity are received and decoded, and used in combination with SAR observations to form a more complete picture of maritime traffic and identify potentially non-cooperative vessels. Due to the limited transmit power and ground station downlink time of the microsatellite platform, data will be processed onboard the spacecraft. Herein we present the onboard data processing portion of the mission concept, including methods for automated SAR image registration, vessel detection, and fusion with AIS data. Georeferencing in combination with a spatial frequency domain method is used for image registration. Wavelet-based speckle reduction facilitates vessel detection using a standard CFAR algorithm, while leaving sufficient detail for registration of the filtered and compressed imagery. Moving targets appear displaced from their actual position in SAR imagery, depending on their velocity and the image acquisition geometry;multiple SAR images acquired from different locations are used to determine the actual positions of these targets. Finally, a probabilistic inference mode

关键词： SAR AIS speckle filtering data fusion image registration moving object detection

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signal Model and Jamming Characteristics of a 35GHz Millimeter-wave FMCW SAR

Signal Model and Jamming Characteristics of a 35GHz Millimet...

引用

conference on Infrared, Millimeter-Wave, and Terahertz Technologies II

作者： Yu Wen Zhao SiWei Song XiaoQuan Liu ZhongWei Beijing Inst Tracking & Telecommun Technol Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780819493170

In the field of airborne remote sensing, the combination of compact frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) technology and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) paves a way for the development of the lightweight, cost-effective, high-resolution miniaturized millimeter imaging radar, which is suitable for small platforms such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in military and civil use. Compared with the conventional pulsed SAR, the continuous platform motion during the transmission of a sweep and the reception of the corresponding echo will induce serious Doppler frequency shift as a reconstructed image distortion effect. That means, in FMCW SAR, the so-called stop-and-go approximation for pulsed SAR is no longer valid because of the relatively long sweeps which the FMCW SAR transmits. Based on the analysis of the signal model, a data processing algorithm is introduced to compensate this Doppler frequency shift in order to complete the FMCW SAR imaging process. Through point targets simulation of a 35GHz millimeter FMCW SAR, the validity of the model and efficiency of the processing algorithm are demonstrated without extra computation load. As for military use, the technology of FMCW SAR jamming should always be considered. Regarding of the complexity and difficulty of FMCW SAR jamming, a novel semi-matching interference solution is presented in this paper to obtain part of the processing gain after the dechirp-on-receive configuration, resulting in an effective jamming effect. Considering of the FMCW SAR characteristics, several experiments are made to seek significant jamming conclusions, which is an innovative exploration.

关键词： Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signal model semi-matching jamming point targets simulation

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The Kepler End-to-End data Pipeline: From Photons to Far Away Worlds

The Kepler End-to-End Data Pipeline: From Photons to Far Awa...

引用

IEEE Aerospace conference

作者： Cooke, Brian Thompson, Richard Standley, Shaun CALTECH Jet Prop Lab 4800 Oak Grove Dr Pasadena CA 91109 USA NASA Ames Res Ctr Moffett Field CA 94035 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781457705571

Launched by NASA on 6 March 2009, the Kepler Mission has been observing more than 100,000 targets in a single patch of sky between the constellations Cygnus and Lyra almost continuously for the last two years looking for planetary systems using the transit method. As of October 2011, the Kepler spacecraft has collected and returned to Earth just over 290 GB of data, identifying 1235 planet candidates with 25 of these candidates confirmed as planets via ground observation. Extracting the telltale signature of a planetary system from stellar photometry where valid signal transients can be as small as a 40 ppm is a difficult and exacting task. The end-to-end process of determining planetary candidates from noisy, raw photometric measurements is discussed. The Kepler mission is described in overview and the Kepler technique for discovering exoplanets is discussed. The design and implementation of the Kepler spacecraft, tracing the data path from photons entering the telescope aperture through raw observation data transmitted to the ground operations team is described. The technical challenges of operating a large aperture photometer with an unprecedented 95 million pixel detector are addressed as well as the onboard technique for processing and reducing the large volume of data produced by the Kepler photometer. The technique and challenge of day-to-day mission operations that result in a very high percentage of time on target is discussed. This includes the day to day process for monitoring and managing the health of the spacecraft, the annual process for maintaining sun on the solar arrays while still keeping the telescope pointed at the fixed science target, the process for safely but rapidly returning to science operations after a spacecraft initiated safing event and the long term anomaly resolution process. The ground data processing pipeline, from the point that science data is received on the ground to the presentation of preliminary planetary candidates and sup

关键词： Photons

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The Kepler End-to-End data Pipeline: From Photons to Far Away Worlds

The Kepler End-to-End Data Pipeline: From Photons to Far Awa...

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IEEE Aerospace conference

作者： Brian Cooke Richard Thompson Shaun Standley Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Dr. Pasadena CA 91109 Orbital Sciences Corporation NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA 94035

ISBN: (纸本)9781457705564

关键词： Kepler mission Kepler Photon PLANETARY SYSTEMS channels (data transmission) stellar photometry Spacecraft PIPELINE data ground Solar cell arrays Telescopes planets Ground operations data products large volume data

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Identity Variance for Multi-Object Estimation

Identity Variance for Multi-Object Estimation

引用

conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Crouse, David F. Willett, Peter Univ Connecticut Dept Elect & Comp Engn Storrs CT 06269 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819487476

We define the notion of an "identity variance" for expressing the level of uncertainty between target identities in a PDF representing the states of multiple targets. This, coupled with an OSPA covariance introduced in past work, can form a basis for evaluating both the accuracy of the state estimates as well as the confidence in the identities of the states. A potential application of the identity variance is as a criterion for choosing between waveforms optimized for producing accurate position estimates versus good classification information on a multifunction radar.

关键词： Error analysis Radar Matrices Particles Computer engineering Current controlled current source data analysis data processing Particle filters signal processing

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ANGLE ONLY TRACKING WITH PARTICLE FLOW FILTERS

ANGLE ONLY TRACKING WITH PARTICLE FLOW FILTERS

引用

conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Daum, Fred Huang, Jim Raytheon Co Waltham MA 02451 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819487476

We show the results of numerical experiments for tracking ballistic missiles using only angle measurements. We compare the performance of an extended Kalman filter with a new nonlinear filter using particle flow to compute Bayes' rule. For certain difficult geometries, the particle flow filter is an order of magnitude more accurate than the EKF. Angle only tracking is of interest in several different sensors;for example, passive optics and radars in which range and Doppler data are spoiled by jamming.

关键词： Particles Particle filters Nonlinear filtering Spherical lenses Electronic filtering Error analysis Missiles Filtering (signal processing) Palladium Sensors

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Improved Multiframe Association for Tracking Maneuvering targets

Improved Multiframe Association for Tracking Maneuvering Tar...

引用

conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Habtemariam, Biruk K. Tharmarasa, R. Nandakumaran, N. McDonald, M. Kirubarajan, T. McMaster Univ ECE Dept Hamilton ON Canada Curtin Univ Technol Perth WA Australia Def Res & Dev Canada Ottawa ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9780819487476

data association is the crucial part of any multitarget tracking algorithm in a scenario with multiple closely spaced targets, low probability of detection and high false alarm rate. Multiframe assignment, which solves the data association problem as a constrained optimization, is one of the widely accepted methods to handle the measurement origin uncertainty. If the targets do not maneuver, then multiframe assignment with one or two frames will be enough to find the correct data association. However, more frames must be considered in the data association for maneuvering targets. Also, a target maneuver might be hard to detect when maneuvering index, which is the function of sampling time, is small. In this paper, we propose an improved multiframe data association with better cost calculation using backward multiple model recursion, which increases the maneuvering index. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated with simulated data.

关键词： multiframe data association interacting multiple model maneuvering targets smoothing out-of-sequence measurements

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Dynamic Sector processing using 2D Assignment for Rotating Radars

Dynamic Sector Processing using 2D Assignment for Rotating R...

引用

conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Habtemariam, Biruk K. Tharmarasa, R. Pelletier, M. Kirubarajan, T. McMaster Univ ECE Dept Hamilton ON Canada FLIR Raders Laval PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9780819487476

Electronically scanned array radars as well as mechanically steered rotating antennas return measurements with different time stamps during the same scan while sweeping form one region to another. data association algorithms process the measurements at the end of the scan in order to satisfy the common one measurement per track assumption. data processing at the end of a full scan resulted in delayed target state update. This issue becomes more apparent while tracking fast moving targets with low scan rate sensors. In this paper, we present new dynamic sector processing algorithm using 2D assignment for continuously scanning radars. A complete scan can be divided into sectors, which could be as small as a single detection, depending on the scanning rate and sparsity of targets. data association followed by filtering and target state update is done dynamically while sweeping from one end to another. Along with the benefit of immediate track updates, continuous tracking results in challenges such as multiple targets spanning multiple sectors and targets crossing consecutive sectors. Also, associations performed in the current sector may require changes in association done in previous sectors. Such difficulties are resolved by the proposed 2D assignment algorithm that implements an incremental Hungarian assignment technique. The algorithm offers flexibility with respect to assignment variables for fusing of measurements received in consecutive sectors. Furthermore the proposed technique can be extended to multiframe assignment for jointly processing data from multiple scanning radars. Experimental results based on rotating radars are presented.

关键词： target tracking rotating radar dynamic data association 2D assignment Hungarian assignment

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Noise-induced outpulsing technique for energy efficiency improvement of laser radar systems

Noise-induced outpulsing technique for energy efficiency imp...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Serikova, Maria G. Lebedko, Evgeny G. St Petersburg State Univ Informat Technol Mech & St Petersburg 197101 Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9780819487476

There are stringent false alarm probability demands on laser radar systems systems, although their operation is often accompanied by a complex target environment, when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. New signal processing technique for laser radar systems is suggested. The technique provides detection of a backscattered signal from a target during an interval between a receiver noise bursts A pulse shoot is matched with a trailing edge of a noise burst, and the signal presence decision is made according to leading edge of the next burst. There is a contradiction between the impulse frequency and false alarm probability demands, that is why double-threshold processing is offered. The lower level induces outpulsing while the higher one determines target detection performance. Since duration of such sophisticated time intervals is random, statistic analysis was made via numerical model. The technique is aimed at providing low false alarm probability and energy efficiency of the system at the same time.

关键词： laser radar system signal detection low signal-to-noise ratio processing levels-crossing interval distribution energy efficiency

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Evaluation of automated algorithms for small target detection and non-natural terrain characterization using remote multi-band imagery

Evaluation of automated algorithms for small target detectio...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Hallenborg, Eric Buck, David L. Daly, Erin Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr San Diego CA 92152 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819487476

Experimental remote sensing data from the 8 to 12 mu m wavelength NASA Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) have been a valuable resource for multispectral algorithm proof-of-concept, a prime example being a Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) spectral small target detector founded on maximum likelihood theory;CFAR tests on low signal-to-clutter ratio rural Australian TIMS imagery yielded a detection rate of 5 out of 7 (71%) for small extended targets, e. g. buildings similar to 10 meters in extent, at a 10(-6) false alarm rate. Separately, techniques such as Independent Component Analysis (ICA) have since shown good promise for small target detection as well as terrain feature extraction. In this study, we first provide higher-confidence CFAR performance estimates by incorporating a larger set of imagery including ASTER satellite multi-band imagery and ground truth. Secondly, alongside CFAR we perform ICA, which effectively separates many non-natural features from the highly cluttered natural terrain background;in particular, our TIMS results show that a surprisingly small subset of ICA components contain the majority of non-natural "signal" such as paved roads amid the clutter of soil, rock, and vegetation.

关键词： multispectral imagery small target CFAR detection algorithm

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