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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Sinha, A Kirubarajan, T Bar-Shalom, Y Univ Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819436747

In this paper a novel signal processor combined with a tracker/radar resource allocator based on the Interacting Multiple Model Probabilistic data Association (IMMPDA) estimator is presented for tracking highly maneuvering, closely spaced targets. An advanced monopulse processing technique, which uses the Maximum Likelihood (ML) approach and yields separate angle measurements for two targets in the same radar beam and same range cell, i.e., they are unresolved, is developed. This processing results in a significant improvement, in terms of tracking performance, over techniques using the monopulse ratio for the same problem. The standard monopulse ratio technique of extracting angles yields a single merged measurement when the targets are unresolved, resulting in track coalescence. The signal processor and tracker were coupled with a radar resource allocator to minimize the radar resources required to track the target while maintaining a low track loss and ensuring high estimation accuracies.

关键词： Radar signal processing Detection and tracking algorithms Target detection signal to noise ratio Monte Carlo methods Antennas Computer simulations Radar signal processing data modeling

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Adaptive threshold based spatio-temporal filtering techniques for detection of small targets

Adaptive threshold based spatio-temporal filtering technique...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Ronda, V New, WL Tan, MH Er, MH Nanyang Technol Univ CSP Singapore 639798 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)0819436747

There are several methods reported in the literature for detecting dim targets against slowly moving clutter. However, each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. The challenge lies in reducing the 'false alarm rate' to an acceptable level. Choosing a threshold for achieving constant false alarm rate is always a tricky problem. Too less a threshold may ensure detection of target pixels. But this will result in with too many false targets, which limit the performance of the postprocessor to trace out target paths. Too high threshold results in fewer false alarms but the targets also may miss out, creating a problem in establishing track record of targets. These contradicting issues demand a via-media solution to improve the overall performance of detection process. This paper presents an adaptive threshold technique and a preliminary concept of CFAR for the detection of dim point-targets in the presence of the evolving clouds and heavy background clutter. The adaptive threshold is based on random and correlated noises of the incoming image sequence. The incoming frames of data are processed by adaptive threshold and accumulated recursively. The post-processor with built-in flexibility checks for validity of target paths. This paper presents an improvement over our paper presented at SPIE, Denver during July 1999. The algorithm has been tested with the available database and the results are very promising.

关键词： point-target random noise correlated noise false alarm rate

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Track testing for single targets in clutter

Track testing for single targets in clutter

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Willett, P Bar-Shalom, Y Univ Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819436747

This paper concerns itself with the target-fi ee behavior of data association in clutter. There are a pair of main results. In the first, a new technique is developed for the detection of track loss. The basis is Page's (cusum) test, but a modification is given for the situation that the track-absent parameter (e.g. of mean of squared innovations) is not known. The result is a Page-style test with variable bias and threshold. The second matter of interest is the target-free distribution of the maximum-likelihood probabilistic data association (MLPDA) statistic. It is confirmed via importance sampling that a Gaussian distribution is not inappropriate;but the mean and variance of this distribution are different from those of the un-maximized log-likelihood surface. Guidance is given on the calculation of these.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods Palladium Detector development Filtering (signal processing) signal to noise ratio Computer simulations Convolution Motion measurement Sensors Target detection

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A multiple-target tracking filter using data association based on a MAP approach

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2000年第6期E83A卷 1203-1210页

作者： Jeong, H Park, JH POSTECH Dept EE Pohang 790784 Kyungbuk South Korea

Tracking many targets simultaneously using a search radar has been one of the major research areas in radar signal processing. The primary difficulty in this problem arises from the noise characteristics of the incoming data. Hence it is crucial to obtain an accurate association between targets and noisy measurements in multi-target tracking. We introduce a new scheme for optimal data association, based on a MAP approach, and thereby derive an efficient energy function. Unlike the previous approaches, the new constraints between targets and measurements can manage the cases of target missing and false alarm. Presently, most algorithms need heuristic adjustments of the parameters. Instead, this paper suggests a mechanism that determines the parameters in an automated manner. Experimental results, including PDA and NNF, show that the proposed method reduces position errors in crossing trajectories: by 32.8% on the average compared to NNF.

关键词： multiple-target tracking data association Kalman filter

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Using tots for more accurate and responsive multi-sensor, end-to-end ballistic missile tracking

Using tots for more accurate and responsive multi-sensor, en...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Easthope, PF Adv Syst Architectures Ltd Alton GU34 4PU Hants England

ISBN: (纸本)0819436747

Accurate tracking of a ballistic missile from launch to impact requires the use of multiple models to fully exploit the characteristic dynamic differences between the various flight phases. This paper shows that the loosely-coupled, autonomous multiple model strategy used by ASA's TOTS (Target Oriented Tracking System) is very successful in this context, giving accurate tracking and responsiveness to changes in dynamics. For illustration, examples of red ballistic missiles are used, with data provided by several distributed ground-based radars, covering the entire flight trajectory.

关键词： Missiles Radar data modeling Atmospheric modeling Sensors Motion models data processing signal processing Transponders Aerodynamics

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Prototype system for multi-sensor tracking with sensor bias correction

Prototype system for multi-sensor tracking with sensor bias ...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Easthope, PF Adv Syst Architecture Ltd Alton GU34 4PU Hants England

ISBN: (纸本)0819436747

Fusion tracking using data from multiple, distributed sensors will only be successful if the bias associated with each platform can be estimated and removed before data fusion is attempted. In many cases, the sensors cannot be reliably calibrated in advance and it is necessary to rely upon targets of opportunity. Bias estimation must then become part of an integrated data fusion system. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of such system, using TOTS to provide the multi-model, multi-sensor tracking capability, with additional functionality to support the bias estimation and correction based on whatever common targets are observed. Such a prototype system is shown to be effective, and is valuable in highlighing the main issues that must be addressed before a full system can be fielded.

关键词： Sensors Prototyping data fusion Passive sensors Sensor calibration Calibration data corrections Logic 3D acquisition Reliability

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Optimal point target detection using adaptive auto regressive background prediction

Optimal point target detection using adaptive auto regressiv...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Denney, BS de Figueiredo, RJP Neural Comp Syst Irvine CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819436747

In this paper, we use an adaptive AR (Auto regressive) model to optimally filter background texture from images. The filter maps background texture into minimum variance locally white noise. An additive point target signal, however, is unaffected by the filter thereby effectively maximizing the signal to noise/clutter ratio. Thus, filter output thresholding can detect anomalous pixels in the images. Additionally the paper introduces a false alarm rejection scheme based on the intersection of a Four Quadrant AR (Quad-AR) filter. The paper addresses the implicit background assumptions in this approach and the median filter approach to small target detection. An example application of the filter to infrared images of missiles immersed in intense sea glint is presented. The AR filter performance is compared to a median filter performance. It is shown that for the infrared sub-pixel missile over sea problem, the Quad-AR approach is substantially better than previous approaches.

关键词： small target detection point target detection missile detection anomaly detection auto regressive filter

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Multitarget mixture reduction algorithm with incorporated target existence recursions

Multitarget mixture reduction algorithm with incorporated ta...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Ristic, B Arulampalam, S Def Sci & Technol Org Surveillance Res Div Salisbury SA 5108 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)0819436747

The paper derives a deferred logic data association algorithm based on the mixture reduction approach originally due to Salmond [SPIE vol.1305, 1990]. The novelty of the proposed algorithm provides the recursive formulae for both data association and target existence (confidence) estimation, thus allowing automatic track initiation and termination. The track initiation performance of the proposed filter is investigated by computer simulations. It is observed that at moderately high levels of clutter density the proposed filter initiates tracks more reliably than its corresponding PDA filter. An extension of the proposed filter to the multi-target case is also presented. In addition, the paper compares the track maintenance performance of the MR algorithm with an MHT implementation.

关键词： target tracking data association track initiation multiple hypothesis

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Multiple target tracking using quasi-drip-shaped gating

Multiple target tracking using quasi-drip-shaped gating

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Hu, LL Chen, YQ Zhou, HX Zou, SH Zhejiang Univ State Key Lab Modern Opt Instrumentat Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819436747

In recent years the problem of multiple target tracking has been studied more and more extensively. However, as the foremost difficulties which multiple target tracking (MTT) involves, the problems of gating and tra ck initiation have been ignored to a certain extent. Now rectangular and ellipsoidal gating are used in most MTT systems. This paper describes rectangular and ellipsoidal gating were not very successful in many cases. Then the new track gate, quasi-drip-shaped (QDS) gate, is proposed to eliminate unlikely observation-to-track pairings more effectively and to operate a pre-correlation when more than one returns are within the track gate. The sensor errors and the influence of maneuver are considered synthetically. Based on the more accurate analysis of error data distribution, QDS gate is formed. Simulation results are presented for five - ten targets include several heavily interfering ones;these illustrated the improvements obtained by using QDS gate.

关键词： multiple target tracking error data distribution QDS gate

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Decentralized track fusion in dynamic networks

Decentralized track fusion in dynamic networks

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Nicholson, D Deaves, R BAE Syst Sowerby Res Ctr Bristol BS12 7QW Avon England

ISBN: (纸本)0819436747

Decentralized systems merit a detailed analysis in view of the potential advantages that they offer. These include significant improvements in fault tolerance, modularity and scalability. Such attributes are required by a number of systems that are currently being planned within the defence and civil aerospace sectors. A recognized difficulty with the decentralized network architecture is the potential it creates for redundant data to proliferate as a result of cyclic information flows. This can lead to estimation biases and divergence. Solutions which require the network information sources to be tagged in some way are not generally possible without relaxing some of the constraints on which the decentralized paradigm is founded. This paper consequently investigates a different approach. Specifically, it examines the application of the Covariance Intersection (CI) data fusion technique. CI is relevant to the redundant data problem because it guarantees consistent estimates without requiring correlations to be maintained. The estimation performance of CI is compared here, with respect to a restricted Kalman approach, for a dynamic multi-platform network example. It is concluded that a hybrid CI/Kalman approach offers the best solution, since it exploits known independent information and unknown correlated information without having to relax the decentralized constraints.

关键词： multi-platform data fusion communications tracking

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