Analytic expressions are derived based on tracker characteristics that determine the maximum scan frame time required to track a maneuvering target. The tracker characteristics chosen are: filter gain, measurement cor...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819415391
Analytic expressions are derived based on tracker characteristics that determine the maximum scan frame time required to track a maneuvering target. The tracker characteristics chosen are: filter gain, measurement correlation gate size, target acceleration and measurement error variance.
Adding new sensor metric information into a data fusion process does not always improve performance and can sometimes produce poorer results.(1.2) References 1 and 2 used examples to shaw that-in some instances and co...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819432954
Adding new sensor metric information into a data fusion process does not always improve performance and can sometimes produce poorer results.(1.2) References 1 and 2 used examples to shaw that-in some instances and contrary to expectation-adding new information resulted in poorer rather than improved performance, even though the information itself was correct. Correct is being used here to describe data that may be in error because of sensor deficiencies (e.g., large random or bias errors in azimuth, elevation, or range) but whose error characteristics are accurately described and known to the fusion process. In other words, the fusion process is not being lied to by misrepresentation of the data quality. In this sense, an individual data point may be inaccurate, but the fusion process is capable of properly weighting that point in an optimal sense so that its statistical inaccuracy does not damage the final product any more than a data point from a better sensor that has less statistical inaccuracy. In a multiple-sensor fusion process, these kinds of results have been cited as reasons for not using data from poorer quality sensors for fear of diluting the performance of the better quality sensors. This paper explores the counterintuitive findings from these referenced examples and evaluates under what conditions lesser quality sensors or sensors that mistakenly overestimate their own data quality should be allowed to contribute to a sensor fusion process.
This paper describes experiences and results from developing a basic signal and dataprocessing simulation for a pair of GEO IR sensors observing the boost phase of Theater Ballistic Missiles (TBM). The goal of such a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819468475
This paper describes experiences and results from developing a basic signal and dataprocessing simulation for a pair of GEO IR sensors observing the boost phase of Theater Ballistic Missiles (TBM). The goal of such a system is the detection of launched TBM, also against a cloud background, and the tracking from cloud break ideally up to boost-end. Two GEO satellites are used for stereo view of one and the same non-global limited Field-of-Regard (FOR). They are positioned in such a way that both cover the FOR and provide a sufficient triangulation baseline. signalprocessing is applied for each of both passive IR sensors in order to detect and track the TBM on the focal plane. The applied approach can be summarized under the term 'velocity filtering'. dataprocessing operates on the 2-D signalprocessing input from both IR sensors, i.e. azimuth and elevation line-of-sight (LOS) angles as well as their rates. The goal is to provide 3-D tracks of the targets, which can be used to cue early warning or fire control radars. The underlying simulation model constitutes a prototype and vehicle for further research. Nevertheless, even in its current stage it provides a first tool for the analysis and evaluation of corresponding sensor design concepts.
作者:
Gray, JEMcCabe, DHUSN
Ctr Surface Warfare Dahlgren Div Syst Res & Technol Dept Dahlgren VA 22448 USA
Sensor data fusion has long been recognized as a means to improve target tracking. Common practice assumes that the sensors used are synchronous (i.e., perform the, same operation at the identical time), take measurem...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819441872
Sensor data fusion has long been recognized as a means to improve target tracking. Common practice assumes that the sensors used are synchronous (i.e., perform the, same operation at the identical time), take measurements at the same time and have no communication delays between sensor platforms and the central processing center. Such assumptions are not valid in practice. This paper removes these assumptions when dealing with multisensor target tracking. In particular, it assumes that the sensors used can have different data rates and communication delays between local and central platforms. A new tracking algorithm using asynchronous sensors is proposed and derived in this paper.
This paper examines a special class of signalprocessing technique called Minimum Variance Deconvolution (MVD) method and compares it with the commonly used Matched filtering and Wiener filtering based deconvolution p...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819415391
This paper examines a special class of signalprocessing technique called Minimum Variance Deconvolution (MVD) method and compares it with the commonly used Matched filtering and Wiener filtering based deconvolution processing in point source acquisition signalprocessing applications for Electro-Optical sensors. A step by step development of the batch and recursive MVD algorithm including comparison with the competing methods are presented in this paper.
A method is presented that circumvents the combinatorial explosion often assumed to exist when summing probabilities of joint association events in a multiple target tracking context. The approach involves no approxim...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081945351X
A method is presented that circumvents the combinatorial explosion often assumed to exist when summing probabilities of joint association events in a multiple target tracking context. The approach involves no approximations in the summation and while the number of joint events grows exponentially with the number of targets, the computational complexity of the approach is substantially less than exponential. Multiple target tracking algorithms that use this summation include mutual exclusion(11,21) in a particle filtering context and the Joint Probabilistic data Association Filter,(7) a Kalman Filter based algorithm. The perceived computational expense associated with this combinatorial explosion has meant that such algorithms have been restricted to applications involving only a handful of targets. The approach presented here makes it possible to use such algorithms with a large number of targets.
Closely spaced targets can result in merged measurements, which complicate data association. Such merged measurements violate any assumption that each measurement relates to a single target. As a result, it is not pos...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819450774
Closely spaced targets can result in merged measurements, which complicate data association. Such merged measurements violate any assumption that each measurement relates to a single target. As a result, it is not possible to use the auction algorithm in its simplest form (or other two-dimensional assignment algorithms) to solve the two-dimensional target-to-measurement assignment problem. We propose an approach that uses the auction algorithm together with Lagrangian relaxation to incorporate the additional constraints resulting-from the presence of merged measurements. We conclude with some simulated results displaying the concepts introduced, and discuss the application of this research within a particle filter context.
The technique of detecting and tracking of a moving point target is space-based background with low SNR is analyzed in this paper. An efficient method for detecting low speed targets is presented. The method simply us...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819415391
The technique of detecting and tracking of a moving point target is space-based background with low SNR is analyzed in this paper. An efficient method for detecting low speed targets is presented. The method simply uses multi-frame accumulating as the main operation in improving the output SNR. And it introduces candidate target records for target matching and recognition. The method is easy for hardware implementation that meets the demands of real time processing and low power consumption.
This paper concerns itself with the target-fi ee behavior of data association in clutter. There are a pair of main results. In the first, a new technique is developed for the detection of track loss. The basis is Page...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819436747
This paper concerns itself with the target-fi ee behavior of data association in clutter. There are a pair of main results. In the first, a new technique is developed for the detection of track loss. The basis is Page's (cusum) test, but a modification is given for the situation that the track-absent parameter (e.g. of mean of squared innovations) is not known. The result is a Page-style test with variable bias and threshold. The second matter of interest is the target-free distribution of the maximum-likelihood probabilistic data association (MLPDA) statistic. It is confirmed via importance sampling that a Gaussian distribution is not inappropriate;but the mean and variance of this distribution are different from those of the un-maximized log-likelihood surface. Guidance is given on the calculation of these.
smalltargets defined in the paper are low-RCS targets or weak infrared emitting targets which are very difficult to track by a single sensor (a radar or an IRST) because the measurements gained by the sensor are usua...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819425850
smalltargets defined in the paper are low-RCS targets or weak infrared emitting targets which are very difficult to track by a single sensor (a radar or an IRST) because the measurements gained by the sensor are usually unsuccessive. Although a single sensor can only observe the target in unsuccessive way, the sensor mt may sometimes track the target continuously by data fusion of the fractional trajectories or hits of the target from all sensors of the netted system. Typically, data fusion method of a distributed sensor net is track-to-track fusion that requires continuous track-level data(space vector estimates and their covariance matrices) from sensors in the net. For the case of smalltargets this condition can not be satisfied. In the paper, we derive a method to fuse the data of the small target from the system. The method includes data association and tracking. Special attention is pay to track initiation with Hough Transform for the association algorithm. Test and results are also given in the paper.
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