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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 2000"

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Sequential collaborative processing for energy efficiency and fault tolerance in unattended ground sensor networks

Sequential collaborative processing for energy efficiency an...

引用

conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications VII

作者： Wang, XL Qi, HR Univ Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819457817

Multiple target detection in sensor networks is a. challenging problem since the signal captured by individual sensor nodes is normally a linear/nonlinear weighted mixture of geometrically diverse source signals. Independent component analysis (ICA) has been widely used to solve the source estimation problem, but most of the algorithms assume the number of sources is fixed and is equal to the number of observations, which generally is not the case in sensor networks. Even though several methods are put forward for source number estimation, traditional centralized schemes hinder their application in sensor networks due to extremely constrained resource and scalability issues. In this paper, a sequential source number estimation framework is developed, where we assume the sensor network has been self-organized into clusters. The determination of possible number of targets at a sensor is only based on its local observation and the estimation result received from its previous sensor. Therefore, raw data transmission is avoided and only small packets of partial estimation results are transmitted through the networks. Based on the local estimation generated within each cluster, a posterior probability fusion method based on the Bayes' theorem is derived. Experimental results show that using the sequential processing approach with probability fusion, the detection probability and reliability are improved over the centralized scheme while significantly reducing network traffic and conserving resources.

关键词： Sensors Sensor networks Target detection signal detection Unattended ground sensors Detection and tracking algorithms Error analysis Independent component analysis Fusion energy signal processing

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Detecting faces in the wavelet compressed domain

Detecting faces in the wavelet compressed domain

引用

conference on Visual Communications and Image processing 2005

作者： Li, XH Shen, LS Beijing Univ Technol Signal & Informat Proc Lab Beijing 100022 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819459763

A novel technique that can implement face detection directly in the wavelet compressed domain is presented in this paper. The algorithm takes the entropy decoding and inverse quantized wavelet transform coefficients of JPEG2000 picture as input, and outputs the locations of the detected faces. The main contribution of this work is in proposing a multi-level gradient energy representation of face pattern based on wavelet compressed data, which permits pertinent high contrast facial parts, such as eyes, nose and mouth, to be highlighted in a compact mode no matter the face is big or small. A neural-network based classifier is designed to decide a gradient energy pattern as face or non-face. In contrast to the traditional spatial-domain techniques, the proposed compressed domain technique eliminates the unnecessary decompression step and thus has lower computational complexity. Moreover, compared with the previous methods based on DCT compressed domain, the proposed multi-level gradient energy presentation removes the complex spatial scaling operation in compressed domain and overcomes block quantization problem. Based on test results of a variety of pictures, the presented algorithm was found to be more efficient and effective than the previous related methods.

关键词： face detection compressed-domain JPEG2000 wavelet transform

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Imaging of subsurface targets using a 3D quadtree algorithm

Imaging of subsurface targets using a 3D quadtree algorithm

引用

International conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： A.C. Gurbuz J.H. McClellan W.R. Scott Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

The imaging of subsurface targets using ground penetrating radar (GPR) is becoming an increasingly important area of research. Conventional image formation techniques expend large amounts of computation to resolve a region fully, even a region of clutter. However, by using multi-resolution techniques, e.g, quadtree algorithms, potential targets and clutter can be discriminated in a computationally efficient way. Prior work has focused on the development of 2D quadtree algorithms for surface targets. For mine detection, target depth adds another dimension; thus, we have developed a 3D quadtree algorithm, and applied a multi-stage detector that uses the energy change between quadtree stages to discriminate target and clutter regions. This algorithm is then tested on computer-generated data, as well as experimental data collected from a model mine field. Results show that target location information can be obtained even under near field and small aperture conditions.

关键词： Ground penetrating radar Radar detection Radar antennas Synthetic aperture radar Clutter Change detection algorithms Landmine detection Radar imaging Layout Image resolution

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Multi step ahead beam and waveform scheduling for tracking of manoeuvering targets in clutter

Multi step ahead beam and waveform scheduling for tracking o...

引用

International conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： S. Suvorova D. Musicki B. Moran S. Howard B. La Scala Department of EEE University of Melbourne VIC Australia EWRD Edinburgh SA Australia

Modern radar systems have considerable flexibility in their modes of operation. In particular, it is possible to modify the waveform on a pulse to pulse basis, and electronically steered phased arrays can quickly point the radar beam in any feasible direction. Such flexibility calls for new methods of scheduling, both of the waveform and the beam direction so as to optimize the radar performance. We consider a radar system capable of rapid beam steering and of waveform switching. The transmit waveform is chosen from a small library. The operational requirement of the radar is to track a number of manoeuvring targets while performing surveillance for new potential targets. Tracking is accomplished by means of an LMIPDA (linear multitarget integrated probabilistic data association) tracker. An interacting multiple models (IMM) method is used to model manoeuvering targets in the tracker. LMIPDA provides a probability of track existence, permitting adoption of a "track-before-detect" technique. "False alarm" tracks are maintained until the probability of track existence falls below a threshold. Our aim is to maintain the tracks of the existing targets to within a specified accuracy as determined by the absolute value of the track error covariance matrix. However, this has to be done within the time available, given that a full scan has to be performed within a prescribed interval. We give an algorithm for scheduling revisits to measure the targets while maintaining surveillance.

关键词： Target tracking Radar tracking Phased arrays Surveillance Clutter Optimization methods Beam steering Libraries Covariance matrix Scheduling algorithm

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Training LVCSR systems on thousands of hours of data

Training LVCSR systems on thousands of hours of data

引用

International conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： G. Evermann H.Y. Chan M.J.F. Gales B. Jia D. Mrva P.C. Woodland K. Yu Engineering Department University of Cambridge Cambridge UK

Typical systems for large vocabulary conversational speech recognition (LVCSR) have been trained on a few hundred hours of carefully transcribed acoustic training data. The paper describes an LVCSR system for the conversational telephone speech (CTS) task trained on more than 2000 hours of data for which only approximate transcriptions were available. The challenges of dealing with such a large data set and the accuracy improvements over the small baseline system are discussed. The effect on both acoustic and language modelling performance is studied. Overall, increasing the training data size from 360 h to 2200 h and optimising the training procedure reduced the word error rate on the DARPA/NIST 2003 evaluation set by about 20% relative.

关键词： Training data Telephony Speech Error analysis NIST Ear Costs Protocols System testing Acoustical engineering

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Multitarget tracking and monopulse signal processing for spawning targets

Multitarget tracking and monopulse signal processing for spa...

引用

16th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Willett, P Blair, WD Ogle, T Univ Connecticut Storrs CT USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

A monopulse radar is able to derive accurate angular measurements via intelligent processing of its sum and difference channel returns. Recently there have emerged techniques for angular estimation of several unresolved targets. meaning targets that are. in principle, merged within the same radar beam, can be extracted separately. The key is the joint exploitation of information in several range bins. Here we show the performance of this approach in a high-fidelity simulation: we observe considerable improvement in track RMSE, but little corresponding, gain in track completeness. Coupled with a hidden Markov model on target number, however, the performance is impressive.

关键词： radar target tracking radar signal processing resolution

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Detection of small target in IR image sequences using VSLMS

Detection of small target in IR image sequences using VSLMS

引用

16th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Ng, LN Ronda, V Lim, ET Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

A Vertical-Strip Least Mean Squared (VSLMS) algorithm is proposed to enhance the detection of small moving targets in IR image sequences. This algorithm is an improvement over the Two-Dimensional LMS (TDLMS), which is designed to detect small targets within highly correlated background of static images. This paper focuses on processing IR image sequences with different background features with layers of sky, sea and land clutter. The VSLMS uses multiple LMS modules and a different scanning method to process individual lines in the IR image sequences. Simulation results show successful enhancement of very small targets in an IR mage sequence.

关键词： VSLMS IR image sequences TDLMS

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Fast mutual exclusion

Fast mutual exclusion

引用

16th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Maskell, S Briers, M Wright, R QinetiQ Ltd Malvern Technol Ctr Malvern Worcs England

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

A method is presented that circumvents the combinatorial explosion often assumed to exist when summing probabilities of joint association events in a multiple target tracking context. The approach involves no approximations in the summation and while the number of joint events grows exponentially with the number of targets, the computational complexity of the approach is substantially less than exponential. Multiple target tracking algorithms that use this summation include mutual exclusion(11,21) in a particle filtering context and the Joint Probabilistic data Association Filter,(7) a Kalman Filter based algorithm. The perceived computational expense associated with this combinatorial explosion has meant that such algorithms have been restricted to applications involving only a handful of targets. The approach presented here makes it possible to use such algorithms with a large number of targets.

关键词： Detection and tracking algorithms Filtering (signal processing) Electronic filtering Particle filters Particles

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Background modeling and target segmentation via modified Kalman filtering

Background modeling and target segmentation via modified Kal...

引用

16th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Searle, SJ Univ Adelaide Sch Elect & Elect Engn CSSIP Adelaide SA 5005 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

In target detection and tracking applications with imagery data taken from a moving camera platform, it is necessary to segment potential targets in each image frame. This is typically done by preprocessing individual images to exploit some known attribute about the data. Often these methods make many false detections, particularly in the presence of additive noise, and the results thus require significant post-processing. A means of estimating the background in the imagery sequence under the formalism of the Kalman filter is suggested. This background estimate is then used to recast the segmentation problem as one of outlier detection, and the result of segmentation is used to modify the filter update. Ways of making the technique computationally benign are discussed. The technique is used to analyse a simulated image sequence, and the performance is compared to that of a single-frame back-round-estimation technique. The feasibility of target segmentation via background tracking is thus demonstrated.

关键词： Image segmentation Filtering (signal processing) Target detection Matrices Cameras Image filtering Digital filtering Electronic filtering Optical filters Image analysis

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data association hypothesis evaluation for i.i.d. but non-Poisson multiple target tracking

Data association hypothesis evaluation for i.i.d. but non-Po...

引用

16th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Mori, S Chong, CY ALPHATECH Inc Mountain View CA 94040 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

This paper discusses the evaluation of data association hypotheses for a general class of multiple target tracking problems. We assume that the number of targets is unknown, and that given the number of targets, the joint target state distributions form a system of independent, identically distributed (i.i.d.) probability distributions. We are particularly interested in the case where the prior probability distribution of the number of targets is not necessarily Poisson. We will show that the Poisson assumption is not only sufficient but also necessary for the commonly used standard multiplicative hypothesis evaluation formula. Consequently, we claim that the use of the standard multiplicative hypothesis evaluation formula implies, either explicitly or implicitly, the Poisson assumption. We will also examine the Poisson assumption on the number of false alarms in each measurement set.

关键词： multiple target tracking data association hypothesis evaluation IID cluster non-Poisson point process

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