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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 2000"

共 865 条记录，以下是481-490 订阅

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Fractal properties of background noise and target signal enhancement using CSEM data

Fractal properties of background noise and target signal enh...

引用

conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike targets VIII

作者： Benavides, A Everett, M Pierce, C Nguyen, C Texas A&M Univ Dept Geol & Geophys College Stn TX 77843 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819449490

Controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) spatial profiles and 2-D conductivity maps were obtained on the Brazos Valley, TX floodplain to study the fractal statistics of geological signals and effects of man-made conductive targets using Geonics EM34, EM31 and EM63. Using target-free areas, a consistent power-law power spectrum (\A(k)\ similar to k(boolean AND-)beta) for the profiles was found with P values typical of fractional Brownian motion (fBm). This means that the spatial variation of conductivity does not correspond to Gaussian statistics, where there are spatial correlations at different scales. The presence of targets tends to flatten the power-law power spectrum (PS) at small wavenumbers. Detection and localization of targets can be achieved using short-time Fourier transform (STFT). The presence of targets is enhanced because the signal energy is spread to higher wavenumbers (small scale numbers) in the positions occupied by the targets. In the case of poor spatial sampling or small amount of data, the information available from the power spectrum is not enough to separate spatial correlations from target signatures. Advantages are gained by using the spatial correlations of the fBm in order to reject the background response, and to enhance the signals from highly conductive targets. This approach was tested for the EM31 using a pre-processing step that combines apparent conductivity readings from two perpendicular transmitter-receiver orientations at each station. The response obtained using time-domain CSEM is influence to a lesser degree by geological noise and the target response can be processed to recover target features. The homotopy method is proposed to solve the inverse problem using a set of possible target models and a dynamic library of responses used to optimize the starting model.

关键词： fractal noise spectral analysis background noise target signal enhancement controlled source electromagnetic homotopy

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Volumetric signal processing hardware acceleration for mine detection

Volumetric signal processing hardware acceleration for mine ...

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conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike targets VIII

作者： Desai, TJ Hintz, KJ George Mason Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Fairfax VA 22030 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819449490

Digital signal processing algorithms for the detection of landmines using ground penetrating radar are computationally intensive if not due to algorithmic complexity, then due to the vast quantity of data which must be processed in real-time. As a result of this, surface area coverage rates using general purpose computers are limited without an additional investment in multiple central processing units and the parallelization of the executable. This results in an excess of unused resources with the associated cost both in terms of monetary cost and power consumption. The increase in power consumption alone also causes an increase cost in cooling and the requirement for larger prime power and/or reduced battery life. Field programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware devices are reconfigurable in seconds and they can be reprogrammed in the field using relatively standard equipment such as a laptop computer. A secondary advantage of re-configurable dedicated hardware is the flexibility it affords in terms of the specific signal processing algorithm being executed on the re-configurable computing device. As an example of this type of hardware optimization of an algorithm, this paper describes an implementation of volumetric (3D) template matching using re-configurable digital hardware, namely an FPGA. This is a viable alternative for the acceleration of digital signal processing and directly results in an increase in mine detection area coverage rates for a relatively small investment. This also results in a more compact, fieldable real-time implementations of landmine detection algorithms and a common mine detector whose hardware is standard but whose optimized algorithms are downloaded into the FPGA for the particular minefield to be cleared. In this paper we give a quantitative analysis of the increase in execution speed achieved by performing cross correlation of large template sizes on large data.

关键词： 3D template matching FPGA volumetric signal processing cross correlation ground penetrating radar

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Chirp pulse microwave computed tomography(CP-MCT) equipped with a fan beam scanner for high-speed imaging of a biological target

Chirp pulse microwave computed tomography(CP-MCT) equipped w...

引用

25th Annual International conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS 2003

作者： Miyakawa, M. Harada, E. Jing, W. Center for Transdisciplinary Research Niigata University Niigata Japan Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Niigata University Niigata Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0780377893

Recently, microwave imaging aiming at early-stage-tumor detection has become of major interest because of its relatively high contrast resolution in the image. Chirp pulse microwave computed tomography (CP-MCT) obtains the attenuation and/or phase shift images of biological targets by use of a chirp pulse signal from 1 GHz to 2 GHz and signal processing techniques. The experimental- and computational-studies show that the estimated spatial resolution becomes 10 to 12 mm and very small temperature variation such as 0.3 degree to 0.5 degree is detectable. Usefulness of this imaging modality increases by developing a fan beam scanner that enables fast data acquisition. In fact, it takes only a few minutes for imaging, while the prototype system takes about 90 minutes. © 2003 IEEE.

关键词： data acquisition

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A reconfigurable 100 Mchip/s spread spectrum receiver

A reconfigurable 100 Mchip/s spread spectrum receiver

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International conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： J. Arnold A. Caldow K. Harman Cooperative Research Centre for Satellite Systems Defence Science and Technology Organisation Edinburgh SA Australia

The flexibility of a reconfigurable receiver allows a system to be tailored to maximise the data rate over channels that vary from benign to those severely effected by multipath propagation. Accordingly a digital receiver based on field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) has been developed, with a burst-mode 100 Mchip per second (100 Mcps) direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) personality that targets a 10 Mbit/s data rate in extreme multipath scenarios. The design is based around a quadrature, two sample per chip baseband processing card that implements an asynchronous feedforward (interpolating) architecture. With this approach, system complexity resides solely in the receiver allowing the transmitter to be very small and cheap. This paper reviews the architecture and implementation of the receiver, and reports on some of the development and performance issues.

关键词： Spread spectrum communication Baseband Satellites Field programmable gate arrays Communication system control Digital signal processing Voltage-controlled oscillators Transmitters Computerized monitoring Remote monitoring

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Chirp pulse microwave computed tomography(CP-MCT) equipped with a fan beam scanner for high-speed imaging of a biological target

Chirp pulse microwave computed tomography(CP-MCT) equipped w...

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Annual International conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： M. Miyakawa E. Harada W. Jing Center for Transdisciplinary Research Niigata University Niigata Japan Graduate School ofNatural Science and Technology NiiRata University Niigata Japan

关键词： Chirp Biology computing Microwave imaging High-resolution imaging Spatial resolution Image resolution signal resolution Microwave theory and techniques Computed tomography Attenuation

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Comparison of 3D set partitioning methods in hyperspectral image compression featuring an improved 3D-SPIHT

Comparison of 3D set partitioning methods in hyperspectral i...

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data Compression conference (DCC)

作者： Xiaoli Tang Sungdae Cho W.A. Pearlman Center for Image Processing Research Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA

Summary form only given. Hyperspectral images were generated through the collection of hundreds of narrow and contiguously spaced spectral bands of data producing a highly correlated long sequence of images. An investigation and comparison was made on the performance of several three-dimensional embedded wavelet algorithms for compression of hyperspectral images. These algorithms include 3D-SPIHT, AT-3DSPIHT, 3D-SPECK (three-dimensional set partitioned embedded block), and JPEG2000. 3D-SPIHT is the three-dimensional extension of the state-of-the-art SPIHT (set partitioning in hierarchical trees) image compression algorithm. AT-SPIHT uses the same coding algorithms as 3D-SPIHT, but utilizes a more efficient, asymmetric tree structure. 3D-SPECK is a version of two-dimensional SPECK modified to encode 3D subband blocks. For an image sequence, 3D-DWT was applied to obtain a wavelet coefficient prism. This prism is partitioned into small code blocks with different sizes, and each subband is treated as a code block. A block splitting algorithm is used on the individual code blocks to test their significance. Compression performance was conducted on the mentioned algorithms using several AVIRIS (Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer) image sequences. The rate distortion performances were compared by means of the peak signal-to noise ratio (PSNR). The visual effect is considered a primary concern of hyperspectral imagery so an analysis of every algorithm's visual effect is in order. Through experimentation, AT-3DSPIHT provided high quality reconstructed images even at very low bit rate such as 0.4 bpp. A comparison was also conducted on JPEG200 and other algorithms concerning JPEG2000's multi-component images. The results have shown that AT-3DSPIHT, 3D-SPIHT and 3D-SPECK outperform JPEG2000 by the approximate range of 1 to 2.5 dB PSNR, depending on the image sequence.

关键词： Hyperspectral imaging Image coding Partitioning algorithms Image sequences PSNR Visual effects Image generation Transform coding Tree data structures Wavelet coefficients

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Detection of small IR objects using wavelets, matched subspace detectors, and registration

Detection of small IR objects using wavelets, matched subspa...

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14th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Hewer, G Kuo, W Kenney, C Hanson, G Bobinchak, J USN Air Warfare Ctr China Lake CA 93555 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444782

Infrared sensors and advanced signal processing are used to detect small (or "point") targets in highly cluttered and noisy environments. In this paper, a wavelet detection algorithm and tracking of small targets in clutter will be discussed. A new registration algorithm based on optical flow estimates with matched subspace detectors against small maneuverable targets is also discussed. Both detectors incorporate adaptive constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection statistics. Simulation of the detection and tracking algorithms using an unclassified database with a helicopter target and platform for the video cameras is summarized.

关键词： wavelets matched subspace detector registration

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Radar detection of multiple moving targets in clutter using time-frequency-radon transform

Radar detection of multiple moving targets in clutter using ...

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14th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Chen, VC USN Res Lab Div Radar Washington DC 20375 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444782

In this paper, we analyze features of radar returns from moving targets, introduce the basic concept of time-frequency-Radon transforms, describe the Radon transform for line feature detection, discuss their applications to detection of multiple moving targets in clutter, and demonstrate two examples of moving target detection using simulated radar data.

关键词： time-frequency transform Radon transform moving targets multiple targets

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Target classification with data from multiple sensors

Target classification with data from multiple sensors

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14th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Drummond, OE CyberRnD Inc Culver City CA 90230 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444782

The methods used in the classification of multiple small targets can be very different from the methods commonly used in traditional pattern recognition. First, there may be characteristics of the features for. each target class that can permit simpler computations than other features. In addition, in classifying targets, the target tracks are updated as new data becomes available and hence there can be a sequence of feature measurements that are available for the target classification process. In addition, with multiple targets, the a priori information may be in a form that make the classification processing for one target dependent on the classification processing of other targets. These aspects of target classification that make that processing different from traditional pattern recognition are the concern of this paper. To limit the length of the paper, the scope is restricted to classification tasks that allow the linear-Gaussian assumption to be used. Also, the data used in the classification process is restricted to features, i.e., no attributes, and the assumption is the tracker does not employ feature-aided tracking. While these assumptions simplify the discussion, the methods used could be modified to permit classification of a broad scope of classification tasks.

关键词： multiple target tracking features target typing detection classification recognition identification and discrimination automatic target recognition (ATR) multiple models Bayesian methods and Kalman filter

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Real-world tracking system performance evaluation

Real-world tracking system performance evaluation

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14th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Blackman, SS Dempster, RJ Raytheon Elect Syst El Segundo CA 90245 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444782

Preliminary tracking system design and analysis is typically done using simulated data in which the target truth is known and many techniques have been developed for evaluating performance under these conditions. However, there is a notable lack of any consistent approach for evaluating tracker performance for "real" data in which there may be an unknown number of "targets of opportunity" whose trajectories are not known. In addition, the background clutter/false alarm environment may be unknown so that an important analysis task is to determine the most accurate background models. This paper proposes a set of criteria for evaluating the tracks that are formed using "real" data collected in the field in the presence of an unknown number of "targets of opportunity". These criteria include duration, update history, and measures of kinematic and data association consistency. A scoring method is developed and the use of these criteria for system design is discussed.

关键词： multiple target tracking performance evaluation real data

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