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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 2000"

共 866 条记录，以下是551-560 订阅

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Development of a digital array radar (DAR)

Development of a digital array radar (DAR)

引用

IEEE National conference on Radar

作者： B. Cantrell J. De Graaf L. Leibowitz F. Willwerth G. Meurer C. Parris R. Stapleton Naval Research Laboratory Inc. Washington D.C. DC USA Advanced Technology Division SFA Largo MD USA MIT Lincoln Laboratories Lexington MA USA Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren VA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780367073

Twenty-first century littoral and open-sea missions present USA Navy (USN) shipboard-radar systems with the challenge of detecting small targets in severe clutter and against multiple sources of interference. In fiscal year 2000 (FY00), the Office of Naval Research (ONR) sponsored a program to develop an active array radar that includes a digital beamforming (DBF) architecture. The DBF radar system has the potential for improved time-energy management, improved signal-to-clutter (S/C) ratios, improved reliability and reduced life-cycle costs. This paper summarizes the latest developments of the program during FY00.

关键词： Radar Costs Array signal processing Surface resistance Dynamic range Frequency L-band Laboratories Clutter Interference

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Tandem acoustic modeling in large-vocabulary recognition

Tandem acoustic modeling in large-vocabulary recognition

引用

International conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： D.P.W. Ellis R. Singh S. Sivadas Department of Electrical Engineering Columbia University New York NY USA School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oregon Graduate Institute Portland OR USA

In the tandem approach to modeling the acoustic signal, a neural-net preprocessor is first discriminatively trained to estimate posterior probabilities across a phone set. These are then used as feature inputs for a conventional hidden Markov model (HMM) based speech recognizer, which relearns the associations to subword units. We apply the tandem approach to the data provided for the first Speech in Noisy Environments (SPINE1) evaluation conducted by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in August 2000. In our previous experience with the ETSI Aurora noisy digits (a small-vocabulary, high-noise task) the tandem approach achieved error-rate reductions of over 50% relative to the HMM baseline. For SPINE1, a larger task involving more spontaneous speech, we find that, when context-independent models are used, the tandem features continue to result in large reductions in word-error rates relative to those achieved by systems using standard MFC or PLP features. However, these improvements do not carry over to context-dependent models. This may be attributable to several factors which are discussed in the paper.

关键词： Hidden Markov models Neural networks Acoustic noise Context modeling Military communication Speech recognition Working environment noise Telecommunication standards signal to noise ratio US Department of Transportation

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signal processing, tracking and resource allocation for highly maneuvering, closely spaced targets

Signal processing, tracking and resource allocation for high...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Sinha, A Kirubarajan, T Bar-Shalom, Y Univ Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819436747

In this paper a novel signal processor combined with a tracker/radar resource allocator based on the Interacting Multiple Model Probabilistic data Association (IMMPDA) estimator is presented for tracking highly maneuvering, closely spaced targets. An advanced monopulse processing technique, which uses the Maximum Likelihood (ML) approach and yields separate angle measurements for two targets in the same radar beam and same range cell, i.e., they are unresolved, is developed. This processing results in a significant improvement, in terms of tracking performance, over techniques using the monopulse ratio for the same problem. The standard monopulse ratio technique of extracting angles yields a single merged measurement when the targets are unresolved, resulting in track coalescence. The signal processor and tracker were coupled with a radar resource allocator to minimize the radar resources required to track the target while maintaining a low track loss and ensuring high estimation accuracies.

关键词： Radar signal processing Detection and tracking algorithms Target detection signal to noise ratio Monte Carlo methods Antennas Computer simulations Radar signal processing data modeling

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Track testing for single targets in clutter

Track testing for single targets in clutter

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Willett, P Bar-Shalom, Y Univ Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819436747

This paper concerns itself with the target-fi ee behavior of data association in clutter. There are a pair of main results. In the first, a new technique is developed for the detection of track loss. The basis is Page's (cusum) test, but a modification is given for the situation that the track-absent parameter (e.g. of mean of squared innovations) is not known. The result is a Page-style test with variable bias and threshold. The second matter of interest is the target-free distribution of the maximum-likelihood probabilistic data association (MLPDA) statistic. It is confirmed via importance sampling that a Gaussian distribution is not inappropriate;but the mean and variance of this distribution are different from those of the un-maximized log-likelihood surface. Guidance is given on the calculation of these.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods Palladium Detector development Filtering (signal processing) signal to noise ratio Computer simulations Convolution Motion measurement Sensors Target detection

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Using tots for more accurate and responsive multi-sensor, end-to-end ballistic missile tracking

Using tots for more accurate and responsive multi-sensor, en...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Easthope, PF Adv Syst Architectures Ltd Alton GU34 4PU Hants England

ISBN: (纸本)0819436747

Accurate tracking of a ballistic missile from launch to impact requires the use of multiple models to fully exploit the characteristic dynamic differences between the various flight phases. This paper shows that the loosely-coupled, autonomous multiple model strategy used by ASA's TOTS (Target Oriented Tracking System) is very successful in this context, giving accurate tracking and responsiveness to changes in dynamics. For illustration, examples of red ballistic missiles are used, with data provided by several distributed ground-based radars, covering the entire flight trajectory.

关键词： Missiles Radar data modeling Atmospheric modeling Sensors Motion models data processing signal processing Transponders Aerodynamics

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Prototype system for multi-sensor tracking with sensor bias correction

Prototype system for multi-sensor tracking with sensor bias ...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Easthope, PF Adv Syst Architecture Ltd Alton GU34 4PU Hants England

ISBN: (纸本)0819436747

Fusion tracking using data from multiple, distributed sensors will only be successful if the bias associated with each platform can be estimated and removed before data fusion is attempted. In many cases, the sensors cannot be reliably calibrated in advance and it is necessary to rely upon targets of opportunity. Bias estimation must then become part of an integrated data fusion system. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of such system, using TOTS to provide the multi-model, multi-sensor tracking capability, with additional functionality to support the bias estimation and correction based on whatever common targets are observed. Such a prototype system is shown to be effective, and is valuable in highlighing the main issues that must be addressed before a full system can be fielded.

关键词： Sensors Prototyping data fusion Passive sensors Sensor calibration Calibration data corrections Logic 3D acquisition Reliability

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Multitarget mixture reduction algorithm with incorporated target existence recursions

Multitarget mixture reduction algorithm with incorporated ta...

引用

conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Ristic, B Arulampalam, S Def Sci & Technol Org Surveillance Res Div Salisbury SA 5108 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)0819436747

The paper derives a deferred logic data association algorithm based on the mixture reduction approach originally due to Salmond [SPIE vol.1305, 1990]. The novelty of the proposed algorithm provides the recursive formulae for both data association and target existence (confidence) estimation, thus allowing automatic track initiation and termination. The track initiation performance of the proposed filter is investigated by computer simulations. It is observed that at moderately high levels of clutter density the proposed filter initiates tracks more reliably than its corresponding PDA filter. An extension of the proposed filter to the multi-target case is also presented. In addition, the paper compares the track maintenance performance of the MR algorithm with an MHT implementation.

关键词： target tracking data association track initiation multiple hypothesis

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Optimal point target detection using adaptive auto regressive background prediction

Optimal point target detection using adaptive auto regressiv...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Denney, BS de Figueiredo, RJP Neural Comp Syst Irvine CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819436747

In this paper, we use an adaptive AR (Auto regressive) model to optimally filter background texture from images. The filter maps background texture into minimum variance locally white noise. An additive point target signal, however, is unaffected by the filter thereby effectively maximizing the signal to noise/clutter ratio. Thus, filter output thresholding can detect anomalous pixels in the images. Additionally the paper introduces a false alarm rejection scheme based on the intersection of a Four Quadrant AR (Quad-AR) filter. The paper addresses the implicit background assumptions in this approach and the median filter approach to small target detection. An example application of the filter to infrared images of missiles immersed in intense sea glint is presented. The AR filter performance is compared to a median filter performance. It is shown that for the infrared sub-pixel missile over sea problem, the Quad-AR approach is substantially better than previous approaches.

关键词： small target detection point target detection missile detection anomaly detection auto regressive filter

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Adaptive threshold based spatio-temporal filtering techniques for detection of small targets

Adaptive threshold based spatio-temporal filtering technique...

引用

conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Ronda, V New, WL Tan, MH Er, MH Nanyang Technol Univ CSP Singapore 639798 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)0819436747

There are several methods reported in the literature for detecting dim targets against slowly moving clutter. However, each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. The challenge lies in reducing the 'false alarm rate' to an acceptable level. Choosing a threshold for achieving constant false alarm rate is always a tricky problem. Too less a threshold may ensure detection of target pixels. But this will result in with too many false targets, which limit the performance of the postprocessor to trace out target paths. Too high threshold results in fewer false alarms but the targets also may miss out, creating a problem in establishing track record of targets. These contradicting issues demand a via-media solution to improve the overall performance of detection process. This paper presents an adaptive threshold technique and a preliminary concept of CFAR for the detection of dim point-targets in the presence of the evolving clouds and heavy background clutter. The adaptive threshold is based on random and correlated noises of the incoming image sequence. The incoming frames of data are processed by adaptive threshold and accumulated recursively. The post-processor with built-in flexibility checks for validity of target paths. This paper presents an improvement over our paper presented at SPIE, Denver during July 1999. The algorithm has been tested with the available database and the results are very promising.

关键词： point-target random noise correlated noise false alarm rate

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Migration of underground targets in UWB-SAR systems

Migration of underground targets in UWB-SAR systems

引用

IEEE International conference on Image processing (ICIP 2000)

作者： Lertniphonphun, W McClellan, JH Georgia Inst Technol Sch Elect & Comp Engn Ctr Signal & Image Proc Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780362985

Ultra-wideband synthetic aperture radar (UWB-SAR) systems can be used for imaging underground targets. However, conventional imaging algorithms that assume a constant velocity of propagation will exhibit degradations such as blurred targets and incorrect target;locations. A superior approach is to do the processing by migrating the raw data collected by an array of sensors. In this paper, we use a filtering structure for migration as a 2-D all-pass filter, and present a practical processing method for UWB-SAR imaging. Improvements versus conventional SAR image focusing are included.

关键词： Radar imaging

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