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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Hu, LL Chen, YQ Zhou, HX Zou, SH Zhejiang Univ State Key Lab Modern Opt Instrumentat Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819436747

In recent years the problem of multiple target tracking has been studied more and more extensively. However, as the foremost difficulties which multiple target tracking (MTT) involves, the problems of gating and tra ck initiation have been ignored to a certain extent. Now rectangular and ellipsoidal gating are used in most MTT systems. This paper describes rectangular and ellipsoidal gating were not very successful in many cases. Then the new track gate, quasi-drip-shaped (QDS) gate, is proposed to eliminate unlikely observation-to-track pairings more effectively and to operate a pre-correlation when more than one returns are within the track gate. The sensor errors and the influence of maneuver are considered synthetically. Based on the more accurate analysis of error data distribution, QDS gate is formed. Simulation results are presented for five - ten targets include several heavily interfering ones;these illustrated the improvements obtained by using QDS gate.

关键词： multiple target tracking error data distribution QDS gate

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Decentralized track fusion in dynamic networks

Decentralized track fusion in dynamic networks

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Nicholson, D Deaves, R BAE Syst Sowerby Res Ctr Bristol BS12 7QW Avon England

ISBN: (纸本)0819436747

Decentralized systems merit a detailed analysis in view of the potential advantages that they offer. These include significant improvements in fault tolerance, modularity and scalability. Such attributes are required by a number of systems that are currently being planned within the defence and civil aerospace sectors. A recognized difficulty with the decentralized network architecture is the potential it creates for redundant data to proliferate as a result of cyclic information flows. This can lead to estimation biases and divergence. Solutions which require the network information sources to be tagged in some way are not generally possible without relaxing some of the constraints on which the decentralized paradigm is founded. This paper consequently investigates a different approach. Specifically, it examines the application of the Covariance Intersection (CI) data fusion technique. CI is relevant to the redundant data problem because it guarantees consistent estimates without requiring correlations to be maintained. The estimation performance of CI is compared here, with respect to a restricted Kalman approach, for a dynamic multi-platform network example. It is concluded that a hybrid CI/Kalman approach offers the best solution, since it exploits known independent information and unknown correlated information without having to relax the decentralized constraints.

关键词： multi-platform data fusion communications tracking

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A two-dimensional generalized likelihood ratio test for land mine and small unexploded ordnance detection

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signal processing 2000年第8期80卷 1669-1686页

作者： Gao, P Collins, LM Duke Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Durham NC 27708 USA

The fundamental goals of land-mine and small unexploded ordnance (UXO) detection are to achieve a high probability of detection (P-d) and a low probability of false alarm (P-fa). Conventional methods usually fulfill the first goal at the cost of a high P-fa. In our previous work (Collins et al., IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing 37 (2) (March 1998) 811-819;Gao and Collins, Proceedings of SPIE, Orlando, FL, April 1998;Gao, Master's Thesis, Duke University, December, 1997), we have shown that a Bayesian decision theoretic approach can be applied to improve the detectibility of land mines and small UXO targets using a single spatial sample of the electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor data. In this paper, we present an alternative approach which significantly improves P-d at a fixed P-fa by utilizing features that capture the physical nature of EMI data within a statistical signal processing framework. The method we develop is a two-dimensional generalized likelihood ratio test (2-D GLRT) which utilizes spatial information from the sensor output. To illustrate the performance improvement, results obtained with the 2-D GLRT detector are compared to those for the standard threshold test for single-channel time-domain sensor data, as well as the energy detector, the integral detector, and the single location generalized likelihood ratio test (I-D GLRT) detector for multi-channel time-domain EMI sensor data. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： detection theory electromagnetic induction land mine detection UXO detection

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A multiple-target tracking filter using data association based on a MAP approach

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2000年第6期E83A卷 1203-1210页

作者： Jeong, H Park, JH POSTECH Dept EE Pohang 790784 Kyungbuk South Korea

Tracking many targets simultaneously using a search radar has been one of the major research areas in radar signal processing. The primary difficulty in this problem arises from the noise characteristics of the incoming data. Hence it is crucial to obtain an accurate association between targets and noisy measurements in multi-target tracking. We introduce a new scheme for optimal data association, based on a MAP approach, and thereby derive an efficient energy function. Unlike the previous approaches, the new constraints between targets and measurements can manage the cases of target missing and false alarm. Presently, most algorithms need heuristic adjustments of the parameters. Instead, this paper suggests a mechanism that determines the parameters in an automated manner. Experimental results, including PDA and NNF, show that the proposed method reduces position errors in crossing trajectories: by 32.8% on the average compared to NNF.

关键词： multiple-target tracking data association Kalman filter

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Kalman filter vs. IMM estimator: When do we need the latter?

Kalman filter vs. IMM estimator: When do we need the latter?

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Kirubarajan, T Bar-Shalom, Y Univ Connecticut Dept Elect & Comp Engn Storrs CT 06269 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819436747

In this paper a performance comparison between a Kalman filter and the Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) estimator: is carried out for single-target tracking. In a number of target tracking problems of various sizes, ranging from single-target tracking to tracking of about a thousand aircraft for Air Traffic Control, it has been shown that the IMM estimator performs significantly better than a Kalman filter In spite of these studies and many others, the condition under which an IMM estimator is desirable over a single model Kalman filter has not been quantified. In this paper the limits of a single model Kalman filter vs. an IMM estimator are quantified in terms of the target maneuvering index, which is a function of target motion uncertainty, measurement uncertainty and sensor revisit interval. Naturally, the higher the maneuverability of the target (higher maneuvering index), the more the need for a versatile estimator like the IMM. Using simulation studies, it is shown that above a certain maneuvering index an IMM estimator is preferred over a Kalman filter to track the target motion. Performances of these two estimators are compared in terms of estimation errors and track continuity over the practical range of maneuvering indices. These limits should serve as a guideline in choosing the more versatile, but costlier, IMM estimator over a simpler Karman filter.

关键词： target tracking tracking performance air traffic control tracking maneuvering targets Kalman filter multiple model estimation adaptive estimation Interacting Multiple Model Estimator

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Integration of features and attributes into target tracking

Integration of features and attributes into target tracking

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signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Drummond, Oliver E.

An obvious use for feature and attribute data is for target typing (discrimination, classification, identification, or recognition) and in combat identification. Another use is in the data (or track) association process. The data association function is often decomposed into two steps. The first step is a preliminary threshold process to eliminate unlikely measurement-track pairs. This is followed by the second step, the process of selecting measurement-track pairs or assigning weights to measurement-track pairs so that the tracks can be updated by a filter. The primary concern of this paper is the use of feature and attribute data in the data association process for tracking small targets with data from one or more sensors.

关键词： signal detection

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Decomposition of biomedical signals for enhancement of their time-frequency distributions

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JOURNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE-ENGINEERING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2000年第4期337卷 453-467页

作者： Sun, M Scheuer, ML Sclabassi, RJ Univ Pittsburgh Dept Neurol Surg Lab Computat Neurosci Ctr Clin NeurophysiolPUH Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

Bilinear time-frequency distributions have been widely utilized in the analysis of nonstationary biomedical signals. A problem often arises where the time-frequency components with small-amplitude values cannot be displayed clearly. This problem results from a masking effect on these components caused by the presence of high-energy slow waves and sharp patterns in the input which produce large values in the time-frequency distribution. These large values often appear in the time-frequency plane as irregular patterns in the low-frequency range (due to slow waves), and as wide-band, impulsive components at certain points in time (due to sharp patterns). In this work we present an effective signal pre-processing method using a nonlinear operation on wavelet coefficients. This method equalizes the energy of different time-frequency components in the data so that the masking effect is greatly reduced, while the original time-frequency features of the input signal are preserved. Comparative experiments on electroencephalographic data with and without using this method have shown a clear improvement in the readability and sensitivity in bilinear time-frequency distributions. (C) 2000 The Franklin Institute. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： biomedical signal processing electroencephalography epilepsy time-frequency analysis time-frequency distribution signal enhancement wavelet transform

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A scene boundary detection method

A scene boundary detection method

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IEEE International conference on Image processing (ICIP 2000)

作者： Chung, MG Kim, H Song, SMH Korea Telecom Multimedia Technol Lab Seocho Gu Seoul 137792 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)0780362985

A visual rhythm is a special 2D image reduced from a 3D video data in a way that the pixels along a vertical line of the visual rhythm are the pixels uniformly sampled along the diagonal line of a video frame. Using the distinct visual patterns to appear on the visual rhythm, we propose a video segmentation method to effectively detect both abrupt and gradual shot transitions. Specifically, the algorithms to detect cut, wipe and dissolve transitions are outlined. Note that the proposed method operates on a small fraction of the original video data, thus offers remarkable computational savings.

关键词： Video signal processing

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Near spaced small object's resolution, extended objects imaging and detecting the hidden targets

Near spaced small object's resolution, extended objects imag...

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signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Ginzburg, Vera

The imaging of closely spaced small objects is detailed. First, it is shown that such objects can be resolved with better resolution by using non-traditional Super-Scanning Locator (SSL). Further, the results of theoretical and experimental research to develop the methods and means for detection, observing and 3D images of static and dynamic objects disposed undersea, or inside or behind optically opaque solid media, are presented.

关键词： Object recognition

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Application of orthogonal ultrasonic signals and binaural processing for imaging of the environment

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ULTRASONICS 2000年第1-8期38卷 171-175页

作者： Kazys, R Svilainis, L Mazeika, L Kaunas Univ Technol Kaunas Lithuania

data acquisition rates in ultrasonic imaging systems are limited by the finite value of the speed of ultrasonic waves. In order to improve the imaging speed, it is proposed to perform simultaneous scanning of the environment in different directions. In order to avoid cross-talk between adjacent channels in different directions, different orthogonal signals are transmitted. Application of cross-correlation processing and non-linear iterative deconvolution enables the reliable separation of signals transmitted by different sources and reflected by multiple targets. The spatial positions of the targets are found using the data obtained after the non-linear deconvolution as the initial data for binaural or tri-aural processing. This approach has been exploited in ultrasonic sonar used for navigation of mobile robots. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： deconvolution signal processing sonar ultrasonic imaging

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