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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2010

作者： Daum, Fred Huang, Jim Raytheon 225 Presidential Way Woburn MA 01801 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819481627

We show numerical experiments on a new theory of exact particle flow for nonlinear filters. This generalizes our theory of particle flow that was already many orders of magnitude faster than standard particle filters and which is several orders of magnitude more accurate than the extended Kalman filter for difficult nonlinear problems. The new theory generalizes our recent log-homotopy particle flow filters in three ways: (1) the particle flow corresponds to the exact flow of the conditional probability density;(2) roughly speaking, the old theory was based on incompressible flow (like subsonic flight in air), whereas the new theory allows compressible flow (like supersonic flight in air);(3) the old theory suffers from obstruction of particle flow as well as singularities in the equations for flow, whereas the new theory has no obstructions and no singularities. Moreover, our basic filter theory is a radical departure from all other particle filters in three ways: (a) we do not use any proposal density;(b) we never resample;and (c) we compute Bayes' rule by particle flow rather than as a point wise multiplication.

关键词： Particles Particle filters Nonlinear filtering Filtering (signal processing) Electronic filtering Monte Carlo methods Probability theory signal to noise ratio Communication engineering Digital filtering

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Adaptive Tracking in Sensor data Fusion

Adaptive Tracking in Sensor Data Fusion

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2010

作者： Drummond, Oliver E. CyberRnD Inc Culver City CA 90230 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819481627

In the design of a target track processor, specific models and parameters are selected for use in the processing of the sensor data. Some of the parameters may be known and some are not known with certainty so estimates of the values are used. The values of some of the design parameters may be significantly in error and so adjustments are needed. In the field of Kalman filters for example, adaptive methods (sometimes called adaptive filters) have been implemented to estimate in real time (sometimes slowly) more appropriate values for some of the design parameters. While existing adaptive filter methods might be considered for use in estimating some of the parameters in tracking, the possibility of misassociations of measurements to tracks introduces substantial anomalies that may require alternative adaptive methods (possibly more complex). Tracking with data from multiple sensors as in sensor data fusion introduces both additional advantages and challenges for adaptive methods relative to single sensor tracking. Fusion also involves functions beyond those typical of tracking and many fusion functions depend on the estimated tracks and/or influence the tracking performance. To date, most tracker design efforts have been directed toward improving the accuracy of the estimated target state using fixed design parameters (and models) and little effort has been directed to real time adaptive processing to improving the estimates of the design parameters. This paper addresses the degradation in tracker and fusion performance caused by inaccurate design parameters and addresses some considerations for adaptive tracking in sensor data fusion.

关键词： adaptive tracking adaptive filters covariance consistency gradual degradation adaptive fusion

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A Tracker Adjunct processing System for Reconsideration of Firm Tracker Decisions

A Tracker Adjunct Processing System for Reconsideration of F...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2010

作者： Trawick, David J. Slocumb, Benjamin J. Paffenroth, Randy C. Numerica Corp Loveland CO USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819481627

Most modern maximum likelihood multiple target tracking systems (e. g., Multiple Hypothesis Tracking (MHT) and Numerica's Multiple Frame Assignment (MFA)) need to determine how to separate their input measurements into subsets corresponding to the observations of individual targets. These observation sets form the tracks of the system, and the process of determining these sets is known as data association. Real-time constraints frequently force the use of only the maximum likelihood choice for data association (over some time window), although alternative data association choices may have been considered in the process of choosing the most likely. This paper presents a Tracker Adjunct processing (TAP) system that captures and manages the uncertainty encountered in making data association decisions. The TAP combines input observation data and the data association alternatives considered by the tracker into a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN). The network efficiently represents the combined alternative tracking hypotheses. Bayesian network evidence propagation methods are used to update the network in light of new evidence, which may consist of new observations, new alternative data associations, newly received late observations, hypothetical connections, or other flexible queries. The maximum likelihood tracking hypothesis can then be redetermined, which may result in changes to the best tracking hypothesis. The recommended changes can then be communicated back to the associated tracking system, which can then update its tracks. In this manner, the TAP's interpretation makes the firm, fixed (formerly maximum likelihood) decisions of the tracker "softer," i.e., less absolute. The TAP can also assess (and reassess) track purity regions by ambiguity level. We illustrate the working of the TAP with several examples, one in particular showing the incorporation of critical, late or infrequent data. These data are critical in the sense that they are very valuable in resolving

关键词： Multiple Hypothesis Tracking Uncertainty Management Dynamic Bayesian Networks Late data Association

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A MEAN SHIFT ALGORITHM BASED ON MODIFIED PARZEN WINDOW FOR small TARGET TRACKING

A MEAN SHIFT ALGORITHM BASED ON MODIFIED PARZEN WINDOW FOR S...

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2010 IEEE International conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing

作者： Chen, Jianjun An, Guocheng Zhang, Suofei Wu, Zhenyang Southeast Univ Sch Informat Sci & Engn Nanjing Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Software Intelligent Engn Lab Beijing 100864 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424442966

This paper addresses the problem of small scale target tracking. The divided-by-zero problem in the weight computation of mean shift algorithm and its associated tracking interrupt problem are presented. To tackle these problems, the Parzen window density estimation method is modified to interpolate the histogram of the target candidate. Then the Kullback-Leibler distance is employed as a new similarity measure between the target model and the target candidate. Its corresponding weight computation and new location expressions are derived. On the basis of these works, we propose a new small target tracking algorithm using mean shift framework. The tracking experiments for real world video sequences show that the proposed algorithm can track the target successively and accurately. It can successfully track very small targets with only 6x12 pixels.

关键词： small target tracking Mean shift Histogram interpolation Parzen window Similarity measure

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Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test for Distributed targets in Heterogeneous Environments

Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test for Distributed Targets in...

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IEEE 10th International conference on signal processing

作者： Shang, Xiuqin Song, Hongjun IECAS SMRSS Beijing 100190 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424458981

Adaptive detection for distributed target or targets in non-homogeneous environments is studied in this paper. It is assumed that the covariance matrix of the secondary data M-s is a random matrix following inverse Wishart distribution with its conditional expectation proportional to that of the primary data, i.e. E(M-s vertical bar M-p) = gamma M-p. Firstly, the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of M-p, gamma and target amplitudes are given and the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) are proposed subsequently, which turns out to be in the form of the summed adaptive coherence estimator (ACE). The detector is coincident with the generalized adaptive subspace detector (GASD) based on deterministic unknown covariance matrix and it has CFAR property. When the target exists only in one range bin, the detector is boiled down into the ACE based on the partial homogeneous environments.

关键词： Generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) distributed targets heterogeneous environments inverse Wishart distribution

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Inverse Synthetic Aperture Ladar Imaging with the Range Instantaneous Doppler Algorithm

Inverse Synthetic Aperture Ladar Imaging with the Range Inst...

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IEEE 10th International conference on signal processing

作者： Chen, Hong Wu, Yanhong Yin, Can-bin Li, Yuntao Acad Equipment Command & Technol Dept Opt & Elect Equipment Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424458981

Inverse synthetic aperture ladar (ISAL), which operates at visible or infrared wavelength, is more sensitive to maneuver than inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR). In this paper, we propose the Range Instantaneous Doppler (RID) algorithm for very high resolution ISAL imaging of maneuvering targets. The Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD) and the Radon transform are used for computing the time-varying Doppler spectrum of maneuvering targets. The data processing of the RID algorithm is illustrated. The simulation shows that the RID algorithm can reconstruct a clearer ISAL image of the maneuvering target than the conventional rang Doppler (RD) algorithm. This is a crucial step in developing a real ISAL system.

关键词： Inverse Synthetic Aperture Ladar (ISAL) Rang Instantaneous Doppler (RID) Maneuvering targets Wigner-Ville Distribution Radon Transform

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signalLens: Focus plus Context Applied to Electronic Time Series

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2010年第6期16卷 900-907页

作者： Kincaid, Robert Agilent Laboratories

Electronic test and measurement systems are becoming increasingly sophistidated in order to match the increased complexity and ultra-high speed of the devices under test. A key feature in many such instruments is a vastly increased capacity for storage of digital signals. Storage of 10(9) time points or more is now possible. At the same time, the typical screens on such measurement devices are relatively small. Therefore, these instruments can only render an extremely small fraction of the complete signal at any time. signal Lens uses a Focus+Context approach to provide a means of navigating to and inspecting low-level signal details in the context of the entire signal trace. This approach provides a compact visualization suitable for embedding into the small displays typically provided by electronic measurement instruments. We further augment this. display with computed tracks which display time-aligned computed properties of the signal. By combining and filtering these computed tracks it is possible to easily and quickly find computationally detected features in the data which are often obscured by the visual compression required to render the large data sets on a small screen. Further, these tracks can be viewed in the context of the entire signal trace as well as visible high-level signal features. Several examples using real-world electronic measurement data are presented, which demonstrate typical use cases and the effectiveness of the design.

关键词： Focus plus Context Lens Test and Measurement Electronic signal signal processing

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Association Ambiguity Management in Mixed data Dimension Tracking Problems

Association Ambiguity Management in Mixed Data Dimension Tra...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2010

作者： Thornbrue, James R. Knight, J. Nate Slocumb, Benjamin J. Numerica Corp Loveland CO USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819481627

Association and fusion of passive direction finding (DF) reports with active radar tracks from airborne targets is challenging because of the low dimensionality of the common kinematic measurement space. Often, multi-target scenarios lead to significant data association ambiguity. Classically, the approach to this problem is a simple hypothesis test wherein a batch of DF sensor measurements is associated with either zero or one of the radar tracks;assignment of multiple DF tracks to a single radar track is allowed without regard to compatibility, and this can lead to detrimental results. This paper develops a new approach for managing the ambiguity. The problem is formulated as a two-dimensional assignment, and any association ambiguity is determined from the k best solutions. Firm association decisions are made only when the ambiguity is at an acceptable level. The ambiguity information is also available in real time as an output to the system operator. An improved batch association score, relative to previous works, is formulated that addresses statistical correlations between individual measurement-to-track residuals;this new score is a likelihood ratio generated from Kalman Filter residuals. Where previous scoring methods lead to incorrect ambiguity assessments in certain scenarios, the new approach yields accurate results. Because the score is recursive, the batch may be extended over an arbitrary number of measurements, helping to manage association ambiguities over time. Simulation results are shown to demonstrate the algorithm.

关键词： radar electronic warfare fusion ambiguity angle-only multi-hypothesis direction finding tracking

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UWB Microwave Monopulse Radar System for Breast Cancer Detection

UWB Microwave Monopulse Radar System for Breast Cancer Detec...

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4th International conference on signal processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS)/12th International Symposium on DSP and Communication Systems (DSPCS)/9th Workshop on the Internet, Telecommunications and signal processing (WTSP)

作者： Bialkowski, Marek E. Wang, Yifan Abbosh, Amin Univ Queensland Sch Informat Technol & Elect Engn St Lucia Qld 4072 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781424479078

The concept of an Ultra Wideband (UWB) Monopulse Microwave Radar System for detection and location of breast cancer is described. The system uses a two-element Tapered Slot Antenna (TSA) array accompanied by a UWB 180 degrees hybrid which scans the breast. When the breast tissue features symmetry with respect to the array axis and the hybrid enables the 180 degrees out phase feeding operation, the array automatically eliminates background while extracting information about an off axis target. The data obtained from the scan is post-processed using a novel imaging algorithm to locate the target. The design of the required 2-element UWB array antenna and the 180 degrees hybrid is presented. The validity of the proposed breast cancer detection method is demonstrated in an example of a simple breast phantom formed by a cylindrical plastic container filled with a vegetable oil and small cylindrical targets.

关键词： UWB microwave monopulse radar system biomedical imaging breast cancer detection breast cancer location breast tissue cancer imaging algorithm microwave antenna arrays microwave imaging radar imaging small cylindrical targets tapered slot antenna array ult

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A new algorithm for multiple maneuvering target tracking

A new algorithm for multiple maneuvering target tracking

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IEEE 10th International conference on signal processing

作者： Li, Liang-qun Xie, Wei-Xin Shenzhen Univ Sch Informat Engn Guangzhou 518060 Guangdong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424458981

In this paper, a new algorithm for multiple maneuvering target tracking is proposed. The proposed algorithm which is based on separating the multiple maneuvering target tracking into three parts-the data association, the estimation of the single target dynamic model and the estimation of the single target tracking subproblems conditional on the data association and the target dynamic model. Where the data assciation subproblem can be solved by the fuzzy data assciation,the single target dynamic model by the Rao-Blackwellized particle filter (MMRBPF) and the single target tracking by Kalman filter or extend Kalman filter. Finally, the experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively track multiple manuvering targets

关键词： maneuvering target tracking data association Rao-Blackwellized particle filter

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