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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 2010"

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Kalman filter vs. IMM estimator: When do we need the latter?

Kalman filter vs. IMM estimator: When do we need the latter?

引用

conference on signal and data processing of small targets 2000

作者： Kirubarajan, T Bar-Shalom, Y Univ Connecticut Dept Elect & Comp Engn Storrs CT 06269 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819436747

In this paper a performance comparison between a Kalman filter and the Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) estimator: is carried out for single-target tracking. In a number of target tracking problems of various sizes, ranging from single-target tracking to tracking of about a thousand aircraft for Air Traffic Control, it has been shown that the IMM estimator performs significantly better than a Kalman filter In spite of these studies and many others, the condition under which an IMM estimator is desirable over a single model Kalman filter has not been quantified. In this paper the limits of a single model Kalman filter vs. an IMM estimator are quantified in terms of the target maneuvering index, which is a function of target motion uncertainty, measurement uncertainty and sensor revisit interval. Naturally, the higher the maneuverability of the target (higher maneuvering index), the more the need for a versatile estimator like the IMM. Using simulation studies, it is shown that above a certain maneuvering index an IMM estimator is preferred over a Kalman filter to track the target motion. Performances of these two estimators are compared in terms of estimation errors and track continuity over the practical range of maneuvering indices. These limits should serve as a guideline in choosing the more versatile, but costlier, IMM estimator over a simpler Karman filter.

关键词： target tracking tracking performance air traffic control tracking maneuvering targets Kalman filter multiple model estimation adaptive estimation Interacting Multiple Model Estimator

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Time-domain metal detector and GPR data processing and fusion for landmine detection

Time-domain metal detector and GPR data processing and fusio...

引用

conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike targets V

作者： Gao, P Collins, L Duke Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Durham NC 27706 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081943664X

For the landmine detection problem, a detector that provides a high probability of detection and a low probability of false alarm is needed. It is often the case that detectors satisfy one requirement at the cost of poor performance with regard to the other. Single sensors cannot achieve this goal, since every sensor has its advantages and disadvantages when dealing with a large variety of landmines, from large metal-cased mines to small plastic-cased mines, etc. Thus, in this paper we consider two types of sensors, EMI and GPR. Time-domain EMI has been extensively used in the military and humanitarian demining. However, it is essentially a metal detector, thus, can detect mines with high metal content successfully, as well as metal debris in the environment. This yields poor detection performance on mines with low metal content and high false alarm sate if the field was contaminated by metallic clutter. On the other hand, GPR is a potential tool for landmine detection, since it can detect and identify subsurface anomalies. A GPR system with wide frequency band can achieve good resolution and adequately deep penetration for landmine detection. In our previous work, we have shown that Bayesian detection approach can be applied to EMI data and provide promising results. In this paper, we present results that indicate that statistical signal processing techniques can improve performance over the conventional detection methods, which are usually based on the energy present in the signal. Specifically, we consider data taken by the Coleman Research Corporation (CRC) Handheld Standoff Mine Detection System (HSTAMIDS) at Fort A. P. Hill, VA. and Yuma, AZ. The active system of the HSTAMIDS contains co-located metal detector (MD) and GPR sensors, which allows us to fuse the data from the MD and GPR sensors. Thus, in addition to discussing individual sensor data processing, we also present result of data fusion of both the MD and the GPR data using the HSTAMIDS system.

关键词： mine detection statistical detection sensor fusion electromagnetic induction ground penetrating radar

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Optimal multiframe detection and tracking in digital image sequences 25

Optimal multiframe detection and tracking in digital image s...

引用

25th IEEE International conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing, ICASSP 2000

作者： Bruno, Marcelo G.S. Moura, José M.F. Electrical Engineering Depart. University of Sao Paulo P.O. Box 61548 Sao Paulo SP05424-970 Brazil Massachusetts Institute of Technology Room 35-203 77 Massachusetts Ave CambridgeMA02139-4703 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780362934

We present a Bayesian algorithm for optimal multiframe detection and tracking of small extended targets in two-dimensional (2D) finite resolution images. The algorithm integrates detection and tracking into a single framework using as data a sequence of cluttered sensor snapshots. Performance studies using Monte Carlo simulations show substantial improvements when the proposed Bayes tracker is compared to the association of a correlation filter and a linearized Kalman-Bucy filter. Likewise, there are significant detection performance gains of up to 6 dB in peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) when the multiframe Bayes detector is compared to a single frame likelihood ratio test (LRT) detector. © 2000 IEEE.

关键词： signal to noise ratio

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On parametric detection of small targets in sea clutter

On parametric detection of small targets in sea clutter

引用

International conference on Information Fusion

作者： H.E. Wensink Hollandse Signaalapparaten B.V. Hengelo Netherlands

A new algorithm is presented that instantaneously estimates the clutter characteristics in the environment of the radar cell that is processed. No a priori information is used, since the algorithm operates directly on the data of the incoming burst. It is a technique that adapts continuously and instantaneously to the environment. The algorithm, after having identified the sea clutter rejects this sea clutter from the data; thus enhancing the probability of detecting small objects in a clutter environment. The final step is the actual detection that makes use of the advantages of the parametric representation. This results in a lower rate of false detections and as a consequence the later stages, like clustering and tracking, receive a more accurate input. The technique behind this algorithm uses recent developments in parametric time series analysis and performs well in suppressing sea as well as land clutter.

关键词： signal processing algorithms Radar detection Radar cross section Radar clutter Object detection Doppler radar signal processing Time series analysis signal resolution Reflection

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NNJPDA for tracking closely-spaced Rayleigh targets with possibly merged measurements

NNJPDA for tracking closely-spaced Rayleigh targets with pos...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 1999

作者： Blair, WD Brandt-Pearce, M Georgia Inst Technol Georgia Tech Res Inst Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819432954

The measurements of the two closely-spaced targets will be merged when the target echoes are not resolved in angle, range, or radial velocity (i.e., Doppler processing). The modified Cramer Rao lower bound (CRLB) is given for monopulse direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for two unresolved Rayleigh targets and used to give insight into the antenna boresight pointing. A monopulse processing technique is given for DOA estimation of two unresolved Rayleigh targets. The Nearest Neighbor Joint Probabilistic data Association Algorithm (NNJPDA) algorithm is extended to include the possibility of merged monopulse measurements of Rayleigh targets. The monopulse signals are incorporated into the data association as a feature to discriminate between merged and resolved measurements.

关键词： unresolved objects target tracking data association radar signal processing

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Detection and acquisition of small targets with low signal-to-clutter ratio

Detection and acquisition of small targets with low signal-t...

引用

conference on signal and data processing of small targets 1999

作者： Zhu, ZF Liang, HC Pan, AJ Song, B Xu, GX Ni, GQ Beijing Inst Environm Features Beijing 100854 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819432954

Of particular interest are efficient algorithms of detection and acquisition of small targets with low signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) for reality applications. Some algorithms like matched filtering (MF), dynamic programming (DPA) and multistage hypothesis test (MSHT) have been proposed. Although some experiments proved that these algorithms have good target detection performance, it is difficult to implement by hardware because of more computational requirement. In this paper one simple and useful algorithm of the detection and acquisition for small targets with low SCR is presented. input image is preprocessed with using background normalization and background removal, and SCR of targets of difference value image outputted is improved. After image segmentation with an adaptive threshold is finished, the target detection is performed by continuous multi-frame detection method using spatial-temporal continuous motion features of targets. The targets are identified with multistage continuous filtering and a main target selected is acquired and tracked with the window. Experiments proved that the algorithm could detect small targets with SCR equal to 3 in cloud background. The method has been used for infrared tracking system in field and good tracking performance is acquired.

关键词： target detection target acquisition small target background removal

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Application of IMM/MHT tracking with spectral features to ground targets

Application of IMM/MHT tracking with spectral features to gr...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 1999

作者： Blackman, SS Dempster, RJ Sasaki, DM Singer, PF Tucker, GK Raytheon Systems Co. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819432954

This paper considers the problem of tracking dim unresolved ground targets and helicopters in heavy clutter with a ground based sensor. To detect dim targets the threshold must be set low which results in a large number of false alarms. The tracker typically uses the target dynamics to prevent the false alarms from forming false tracks. The interesting aspect of this problem is that the targets may be or may become stationary. The tracks of stationary targets are difficult to discriminate from tracks formed by persistent false alarms.

关键词： MHT IMM multispectral detection passive ranging

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Sequential Monte Carlo for manoeuvring target tracking in clutter

Sequential Monte Carlo for manoeuvring target tracking in cl...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 1999

作者： Gordon, NJ Doucet, A DERA Signal Proc & Imagery Dept Malvern WR14 3PS Worcs England

In this paper we consider the problem of tracking a manoeuvring target in clutter. We apply an original on-line Monte Carlo (MC) filtering algorithm to perform optimal state estimation. Improved performance of the res... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)0819432954

关键词： particle filter tracking in clutter manoeuvring target tracking Bayesian methods

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small extending target precision tracking with dual-infrared imaging sensors

Small extending target precision tracking with dual-infrared...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 1999

作者： Liang, HC Ni, GQ Zhu, ZF Xu, GX Pan, AJ Song, B Beijing Inst Technol Dept Optoelect Engn Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819432954

It is a challenging problem to track point source targets and small extending ones in clutter. Only using single-image sensor is usually not adequate to meet the requirement of a multi-target tracking (MTT) system. Carrying out the measurement through two infrared waveband image sensors, and fusing efficiently measurement data of both sensors, we can track small extending targets precisely and improve the performance of the MTT system. In this paper, the multi-target tracking method based on 3 similar to 5 mu m and 8 similar to 12 mu m infrared image sensors is introduced. The mission scenario is thought as tracking air target. The algorithm of the target image centroid estimator is discussed. In order to improve the precision of target tracking, the data fusion algorithm with Kalman filter is described for the target vector feature. The simulation results indicate that the target tracking precision can be improved by tracking small extending targets with dual-infrared image sensors.

关键词： data fusion target tracking Kalman filter small extending target infrared imaging

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Ground-target tracking with dual-image sensor airborne system

Ground-target tracking with dual-image sensor airborne syste...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets 1999

作者： Liang, HC Ni, GQ Zhu, ZF Xu, GX Yu, YL Song, B Pan, AJ Beijing Inst Technol Dept Optoelect Engn Beijing 1000081 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819432954

The ground-target tracking with dual-image sensor is discussed in this paper. The mission scenario is that fighter and helicopter track tactical ground targets such as tank, armored car and articulated vehicle. The airborne system which using a video camera and an 8 similar to 12 mu m infrared imager and processing with parallel DSP can track and identify ground-target in real time. In this paper the sensor platform (aircraft and gimbal) motion parameters are defined, the transformation matrix between the coordinate frames and sensor platform motion compensation algorithm are given. The algorithm of extraction image feature is introduced. According to the SNR of the target measured, two belief regions of target measurement are established I the data fusion algorithm of dual-imaging sensor measurements is given with the voting regulation.

关键词： data fusion target tracking infrared imaging motion compensation

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