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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 2010"

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Characteristics of contrast and application for small target detection

Characteristics of contrast and application for small target...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Sang, N Zhang, TX Shi, WQ Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol State Ed Comm Lab Image Proc & Intellig Control Inst Pattern Recognit & Artificial Intellig Wuhan 430074 Hubei Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819428221

The detection of small targets, especially detection of a target within a single frame of data, is an important problem in image processing. A lot of work have already been proposed for this problem. Of them, nonlinear morphology-based methods have shown their advantages than traditional linear methods in target detection. Many of these methods are based on local background estimate and threshold computation. A thresholding procedure is required for the methods. However, none of them shows how to get an appropriate threshold and what is the relation between a threshold and the detection performance of the detector. In this paper, we use the contrast between target and local background to be the measurement of characteristic of targets and background. Here, the contrast between target and local background is the ratio of target residual, which is acquired by subtracting local background estimate from the original image, and local background estimate. By analyzing the difference between the contrast between target and local background and the contrast between background and local background, we can determine an appropriate threshold which can achieve high probability of detection while produce very small probability of false alarm. Experiments on a large read sea-surface ship images prove the effectiveness of the method presented in this paper.

关键词： target detection mathematical morphology threshold characteristics

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Multisensor, multisite integration for composite tracking of maneuvering targets

Multisensor, multisite integration for composite tracking of...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Watson, GA Anthony, KS Rice, TR USN Ctr Surface Warfare Dahlgren Div Syst Res & Technol DeptDigital Syst Branch Dahlgren VA 22448 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819428221

The integration of multiple sensors for target tracking has been intensely investigated in recent years. The techniques for integrating multiple sensors are complex but have the potential to provide very accurate state estimates. For most systems, each sensor provides its information to a central location where the integration is performed. This approach is typically employed for a single platform and the resulting composite track can be very accurate when compared to the individual sensor tracks. Additional platforms can also contribute their information to improve this composite track. This composite track has the potential for enhanced system decisions and to provide targeting information not otherwise available. This paper presents algorithms for the composite tracking of maneuvering targets through the use of effective multisensor-multiplatform integration and simulation results illustrating the benefits of the proposed approach.

关键词： track continuity composite tracking sensor integration IMM algorithm

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Joint-FACET: The Canada-Netherlands initiative to study multi-sensor data fusion systems

Joint-FACET: The Canada-Netherlands initiative to study mult...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Bosse, E Theil, A Roy, J Huizing, A van Aartsen, S Def Res Estab Valcartier Quebec City PQ G3J 1X5 Canada TNO Phys & Elect Lab NL-2509 JG The Hague Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)0819428221

This paper presents the progress of a collaborative effort between Canada and The Netherlands in analysing multi-sensor data fusion systems, e.g. for potential application to their respective frigates. In view of the overlapping interest in studying and comparing applicability and performance of advanced state-of-the-art Multi-Sensor data Fusion (MSDF) techniques, the two research establishments involved have decided to join their efforts in the development of MSDF testbeds. This resulted in the so-called Joint-FACET (Fusion Algorithms & Concepts Exploration Testbed), a highly modular and flexible series of applications that is capable of processing both real and synthetic input data. Joint-FACET allows the user to create and edit test scenarios with multiple ships, sensors and targets, generate realistic sensor outputs, and to process these outputs with a variety of MSDF algorithms. These MSDF algorithms can also be tested using typical experimental data collected during live military exercises.

关键词： sensor fusion simulation and testbeds multiple target tracking

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Innovative implementation and simulation of signal processing algorithms for the ASTP & DITP programs.

Innovative implementation and simulation of signal processin...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： DeChaine, MD Kinashi, Y Nichols Res Corp Arlington VA 22202 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819428221

An innovative approach is being used to implement and simulate the infrared (IR) and laser radar signal processing algorithms for the Advanced Sensor Technology Program (ASTP) and the Discrimination Interceptor Technology Program (DITP). Although the algorithms will run on four different computer architectures, they will use the same source code for all implementations. The initial development and testing will occur in Mathcad on a Windows 95/NT personal computer, then move to simulation on a Silicon Graphics (SGI) workstation, then to scaled real-time simulation on a parallel high performance computer (HPC), and finally to the actual flight processor, the miniaturized parallel Wafer Scale signal Processor (WSSP) with a MIMD (multiple-instruction and multiple data) architecture. This flexibility is accomplished with code wrappers that implement interchangeable interface layers for the code modules, one wrapper for Mathcad matrices, one for C++ objects on the workstation, one for message passing with static routing on the HPC, and one for dynamically routed message passing on the WSSP. With this approach, developers can move modules back and forth from the workstation simulation environment to the implementation hardware. This will eliminate the need to maintain different versions of the same algorithm. The signal processing algorithms will be modified to work in a massively parallel architecture, with a message passing interface, which is simulated on the Silicon Graphics workstation, emulated on the HPC, and implemented on the WSSP. This approach will allow for pipeline processing as well as multiple, concurrently running instances of modules. In addition, innovative algorithms will fuse active laser radar detections and passive multicolor IR sensor measurements to improve target state estimation.

关键词： signal processing algorithms parallel processing simulation infrared sensors laser radar ballistic missile defense

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Ground target tracking with topography-based variable structure IMM estimator

Ground target tracking with topography-based variable struct...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Kirubarajan, T Bar-Shalom, Y Pattipati, KR Kadar, I Univ Connecticut Dept Elect & Syst Engn Storrs CT 06269 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819428221

In this paper we present the development of a Variable Structure Interacting Multiple Model (VS-IMM) estimator for tracking groups of ground targets on constrained paths using Moving Target Indicator (MTI) reports obtained from an airborne sensor. The targets are moving along a highway, with varying inter-visibility (obscuration) due to changing terrain conditions. In addition, the roads can branch, merge or cross. Some of the targets may also move in an open field. This constrained motion estimation problem is handled using an IMM estimator with varying mode sets depending on the topography. The number of models in the IMM estimator, their types and their parameters are modified adaptively, in real-time, based on the estimated position of the target and the corresponding road/visibility conditions. This topography-based variable structure mechanism eliminates the need for carrying all the possible models throughout the entire tracking period as in the standard IMM estimator, improving performance and reducing computational load.

关键词： multiple model estimation variable structure estimation multitarget tracking data association assignment algorithm multidimensional assignment

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Assessment of aimpoint selection performance utilizing feature selection algorithms and the signal processing environment for analysis and reduction (SPEAR)

Assessment of aimpoint selection performance utilizing featu...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Bjork, C Blake, T Stark, B Nichols Res Corp Huntsville AL 35815 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819428221

This paper presents the methodology and assessment of the passive and active sensor feature selection algorithms of interest to the Discriminating Interceptor Technology Program (DITP), as applied to aimpoint selection. The analysis identifies the performance achieved by utilizing individual sensor features and multi-sensor feature fusion. Traditional methods of determining the proper aimpoint have depended upon identifying target characteristics such as the geometric centroid, radiometric centroid, leading edge, and the trailing edge. Once these target points have been defined, the final aimpoint is selected by adding a bias to the target characteristic. However, these and similar algorithms have shown sensitivity to a priori knowledge of the threat, such as aspect angle, target length, thermal and dynamic characteristics. This paper will assess the utility of multi-sensor disparate sensor data to decrease performance sensitivity to a priori knowledge of the threat. These algorithms are among the feature selection algorithms in use in the DITP program for passive and active fused sensor discrimination. The analysis utilizes simulated infrared and ladar sensor data of a conical body that is initially at sufficient range to be realized as a slightly extended source on the focal plane, and then advanced through the later phase of the engagement to the point where the target is relatively close and highly resolved. The measures of performance consist of evaluating the deviations of the estimated aimpoint versus range to target, orientation angle, and aspect angle, for the feature selection algorithms considered.

关键词： sensor fusion feature extraction aimpoint selection discrimination intelligent processing infrared laser radar signal processing

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small static and dynamic targets detection in non-transparent medium and the opaque water

Small static and dynamic targets detection in non-transparen...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Ginzburg, VM Andreyev, AM VNIIOFI Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)0819428221

Target detection in water (or another liquid medium) is achieved by optical registration and measurement of the shape of the surface disturbance ("hump") of liquid caused by radiation pressure of ultrasound waves passing by or reflected from the object. Two methods have been developed. In the first case, the effects of refraction and diffraction of a laser beam by the "hump" are used. This method is very sensitive for detection and observation of dynamic underwater objects. In the second case the Talbot effect is used (the self-reproduction of images of regular grating of images at distances z = 2dn/lambda, where d is the grating period, lambda is the wavelength, and n = 1,2, ..). Both methods allow to detect and observe the dynamic objects inside a liquid. This report describes: the schemes and the equipment used for measuring the underwater objects;the results of the "hump's" 3D shape measurement and its usage for creating "humped" ultrasound hologram;the image of a small target (similar to 1.5 cm(2)) produced by computer reconstruction of "humped" ultrasound hologram. This report also demonstrates the possibility of using Talbot effect for measurement of the shape and thickness of oil films on liquid and solid surfaces and for the wettability angle measurements.

关键词： target recognition in opaque media Talbot effect light refraction and diffraction on disturbed water water disturbance by ultrasound

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IMM tracking of a theater ballistic missile during boost phase

IMM tracking of a theater ballistic missile during boost pha...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Hutchins, RG San Jose, A USN Postgrad Sch Dept Elect & Comp Engn Monterey CA 93943 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819428221

Since the SCUD launches in the Gulf War, theater ballistic missile (TBM) systems have become a growing concern for the US military. Detection, tracking and engagement during boost phase or shortly after booster cutoff are goals that grow in importance with the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. This paper addresses the performance of tracking algorithms for TBMs during boost phase and across the transition to ballistic flight. Three families of tracking algorithms are examined: alpha-beta-gamma trackers, Kalman-based trackers, and the interactive multiple model (IMM) tracker. In addition, a variation on the IMM to include prior knowledge of a booster cutoff parameter is examined. Simulated data is used to compare algorithms. Also, the IMM tracker is run on an actual ballistic missile trajectory. Results indicate that IMM trackers show significant advantages in tracking through the model transition represented by booster cutoff.

关键词： Missiles Detection and tracking algorithms Motion models Computer simulations data modeling Switching Sensors Solids 3D metrology Weapons of mass destruction

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Nonlinear filtering for tracking low elevation targets in multipath

Nonlinear filtering for tracking low elevation targets in mu...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Kastella, K Zatezalo, A Lockheed Martin Tactical Defense Systems (United States) Univ. of Minnesota (Croatia)

ISBN: (纸本)0819428221

Monopulse radar tracking of target elevation for objects flying close to a reflecting surface is difficult due to interference between the direct echo and surface-reflected target echoes. Ideally, target height could be estimated directly fi om the probability density for monopulse measurements given target range and height. This direct approach is usually unfeasible because the density generally has many false peaks so there are multiple solutions for target height. However, as target range varies the locations of false peaks fluctuate rapidly while the true peak tracks target height. This paper describes a nonlinear filter that exploits this behavior to estimate target height. The filter recursively computes the probability density for height and vertical velocity conditioned on the monopulse measurement sequence. The time evolution of this density between measurements is determined by a Fokker-Planck partial differential equation. This is solved in real-time using a finite difference scheme. The monopulse measurement probability density is computed from a physical model and used to update the conditional target state density using Bayes' rule. In simulation testing for a generic C-band shipboard radar the filter is able to reliably acquire and track transonic targets through mild maneuvers with about 12 m root-mean-square height accuracy.

关键词： nonlinear filtering multipath stochastic methods Fokker-Planck equation

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IR target detection and clutter reduction using the interacting multiple model estimator

IR target detection and clutter reduction using the interact...

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conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Lerro, D Bar-Shalom, Y Engn Technol Ctr Mystic CT 06355 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819428221

The significant challenge in long range low SNR IR target acquisition is performing reliable target detection and classification while maintaining a reasonable false alert rate. Existing IR systems experience excessive amounts of clutter and false alerts. A target motion discriminator (TMD) technique based on the Interacting Multiple Model using Probabilistic data association with amplitude information (IMMPDAI) estimation algorithm is presented to exploit the consistency of position and motion information observed over multiple scans to form a robust classification decision. Several motion class models reside within the TMD, to provide accurate target state estimates and target likelihood functions for both maneuvering and non-maneuvering contacts. Classification performance is dramatically enhanced by using a 'no target model' to reject contacts which exhibit erratic motion, i.e., inconsistent with a target motion model while promoting contacts with consistent motion. The accurate estimation of target dynamics obtained by the IMM approach provides the capability to reject clutter and reliably detect a dim threat. A robust sequential likelihood ratio test which minimizes the decision time and improves target declaration performance is developed and demonstrated using real data collected under various environmental conditions.

关键词： Target detection Motion models Detection and tracking algorithms Motion estimation signal to noise ratio Kinematics Sensors data modeling Infrared detectors Personal digital assistants

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