This paper presents a novel distributed optimization framework to achieve energy efficiency in large-scale buildings. The modular problem formulation presented in this paper decouples the supervisory optimization sche...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467386838
This paper presents a novel distributed optimization framework to achieve energy efficiency in large-scale buildings. The modular problem formulation presented in this paper decouples the supervisory optimization scheme from the data-driven micro-level modeling aspect leading to significant scalability and flexibility. Recently developed generalized gossip protocol is used as a robust distributed optimization technique. A supervisory control design problem for multi-zone temperature regulation and energy usage minimization is considered as a case study to describe the generic framework. Numerical simulation results, presented based on a physical testbed in the Iowa Energy Center, demonstrate the advantages of the distributed optimization methodology compared to a typical baseline strategy. The paper also outlines a software architecture based on the VOLTTRON platform, recently developed by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), for real-life implementation of the proposed framework.
With the fast development of electric vehicle (EV), the charging and coordination strategy of the prospective electric vehicles can be possibly based on regional hierarchical control technology. The paper describes th...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509035762
With the fast development of electric vehicle (EV), the charging and coordination strategy of the prospective electric vehicles can be possibly based on regional hierarchical control technology. The paper describes the land decision method to obtain the spatial load of EV in a region, including industrial, commercial and residential area. Based on the forecasted spatial load of EV in the region, the paper elaborates the EV charging optimal control strategy guided by Time-of-Use (TOU) electricity price and driven by the goal of the minimum fluctuation of overall regional load. The genetic algorithm based on multi-objective optimization is used on simulation calculation. simulation result compares the EV users' total cost as well as the regional network load fluctuation before and after the optimization to demonstrate the advantages of the regional optimal control method.
In this paper, we present a methodology for expedited hierarchical simulation-driven design of miniaturized multi-section branch-line couplers (BLCs). The design process starts from optimization of elementary cells of...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479968114
In this paper, we present a methodology for expedited hierarchical simulation-driven design of miniaturized multi-section branch-line couplers (BLCs). The design process starts from optimization of elementary cells of a slow-wave structure, followed by a fast tuning of their cascade as well as the tuning of the entire coupler. The last two stages exploit surrogate-assisted optimization with the underlying low-fidelity models constructed using local response surface approximations and circuit-theory-based connection of lower-level components (e.g., elementary cells for cascade tuning, etc.). This results in an overall low computational cost of the design optimization process, which is less than three EM simulations of the entire microwave component at hand. The proposed methodology is demonstrated through the design of a novel compact two-section BLC for 0.85 GHz to 1.15 GHz frequency range.
Indoor acoustic source localization can be efficiently performed by modeling the sound propagation in the room, and by solving the arising inverse problem by means of cosparse regularization and convex optimization te...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479999897
Indoor acoustic source localization can be efficiently performed by modeling the sound propagation in the room, and by solving the arising inverse problem by means of cosparse regularization and convex optimization techniques. However, previous methods relying on this approach used to assume the knowledge of a number of room characteristics: its geometry, the walls' absorption or reflexion properties, as well as the speed of sound. In this paper, we show that this model, and the corresponding algorithms, can be extended to the case where the specific acoustic impedance of the boundary is unknown. The proposed method allows to jointly estimate the boundary impedances and the sound pressure in the room, without any preliminary calibration phase, from the only knowledge of the room geometry. Validated on simulation, this new algorithm constitutes a important step towards practical applicability of sound field cosparse modeling.
Computationally efficient design optimization of antenna structures can be realized using variable-fidelity EM simulations, where most of the operations are performed at the level of a coarse-discretization EM model (...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509022342
Computationally efficient design optimization of antenna structures can be realized using variable-fidelity EM simulations, where most of the operations are performed at the level of a coarse-discretization EM model (referred to as the low-fidelity model) with occasional reference to the high-fidelity one, for the sake of model correction and design verification. An important issue is an appropriate selection of the low-fidelity model in terms of its speed and accuracy. It is typically controlled by adjusting discretization density of the structure at hand. Using the model that is too coarse may lead to unreliable design and divergence of the optimization algorithm. If the model is too fine, the computational cost of the design process increases. So far, the model selection has been realized interactively through visual inspection of the model responses. In this paper, an automated procedure for low-fidelity model setup has been proposed based on statistical analysis of correlations between the models of various fidelities. Using an example of a dielectric resonator antenna we demonstrate that our approach allows for selecting the optimal discretization level of the low-fidelity model that results in a good compromise between the cost and reliability of the design process.
Explicit size reduction of antenna structures using cost efficient EM-simulation-drivenoptimization is discussed. The proposed approach directly handles the antenna size (as the main design objective) while ensuring ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9788890701856
Explicit size reduction of antenna structures using cost efficient EM-simulation-drivenoptimization is discussed. The proposed approach directly handles the antenna size (as the main design objective) while ensuring satisfaction of electrical performance parameters by means of suitably defined penalty functions. For the sake of computational efficiency, optimization is carried out using cheap adjoint sensitivities and trust region framework utilized as convergence safeguard. Our technique is illustrated through a design of a compact quasi-isotropic dielectric resonator antenna.
In this paper, computationally efficient design optimization of a miniaturized dual-band microstrip branch-line coupler is presented. Our optimization approach relies on suitably extracted features of a highly nonline...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479968114
In this paper, computationally efficient design optimization of a miniaturized dual-band microstrip branch-line coupler is presented. Our optimization approach relies on suitably extracted features of a highly nonlinear response of the coupler structure under design. By formulating the design objectives in terms of the feature point locations, we carry out iterative optimization of the linear model of the features, embedded in the trust-region framework. Due to only slightly nonlinear dependence of the features on the designable parameters of the circuit, the optimized design satisfying prescribed performance requirements is obtained at the low computational cost of only 24 high-fidelity EM simulations of the structure.
Expedited design optimization of compact microwave structures using adjoint sensitivities and space mapping (SM) is proposed. For the sake of computational efficiency and good generalization capability, we utilize coa...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479968114
Expedited design optimization of compact microwave structures using adjoint sensitivities and space mapping (SM) is proposed. For the sake of computational efficiency and good generalization capability, we utilize coarse-discretization electromagnetic (EM) simulation models which are suitably corrected using SM. The mapping parameters are evolving together with the design itself (no fully converged SM parameter extraction is executed), which results in a small number of both low-and high-fidelity EM simulations throughout the optimization process. The algorithm is applied to the design of a compact rat-race coupler.
A mathematical model for building energy systems (BES) is developed which maps the energy transfer processes occurring within the building space. Construction elements making up the building space and the heating and ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467366229
A mathematical model for building energy systems (BES) is developed which maps the energy transfer processes occurring within the building space. Construction elements making up the building space and the heating and cooling plant responsible for thermal comfort of the occupants are also modeled. This involved quantification of linkages between temperature and humidity conditions and level occupancy (number of occupants, occupancy schedule) within building space. Thermal energy transfer processes of conductive, convective, and radiative heat balance for each surface of the construction elements and a convective heat balance for the building space are modeled. Building space zone is modelled for both sensible and latent thermal energy transfer. State space approach is used to model the building construction elements such as walls, with the parameters estimated using a nonlinear time invariant optimization algorithm with constraints. HVAC system is modelled with a control valve, heat emitter, occupancy driven ventilation controlled through a PID controller. A complete building energy system (BES) modeling procedure based on first principles of building physics is presented. BES model is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink and the results depict the temperature variations within the building space at less computational times.
Pass-gates logic is known to be intrinsically more energy efficient than static CMOS. This feature attracted the research interest over the years and many working implementations have been demonstrated. Recent works, ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509035625
Pass-gates logic is known to be intrinsically more energy efficient than static CMOS. This feature attracted the research interest over the years and many working implementations have been demonstrated. Recent works, in particular, have shown that pass-gates logic is well suited for ultra-low power adiabatic circuits mapped on emerging technologies. Despite the progress made, several design issues still prevent pass-gates logic circuits reaching large scale integration. In this work we deal with the lack of synthesis tools and methodologies. We propose a multi-function decomposition engine that yields (i) an efficient abstract circuit modeling through a more compact data-structure, the Multi-Function Pass Diagram (MFPD) and (ii) an effective multi-gate area/delay-driven low-power synthesis&optimization flow. simulation results conducted on different technologies, i.e., silicon and graphene, demonstrate that logic circuits synthesized with the proposed tool are smaller in size and depth, hence less power consuming and faster than circuits obtained through conventional synthesis flows based on Binary Decision Diagrams.
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