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International conference on Adaptive Science & Technology (ICAST)

作者： Johannes Weber Andreas Rehkopf Thomas Schmidt-Behounek Institut für Automatisierungstechnik Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg Freiberg Germany Institut für Automatisierungstechnik Océ Printing Systems GmbH Freiberg Germany

Today there is a growing trend towards increasingly complex and intelligent embedded electronics systems. To implement a desired system there is often no suitable hardware platform available on the market. This contribution illustrates the lessons learned from a joint project of a mid-cap company and a university to develop several PCBs (printed circuit boards) for industrial control purposes. This contribution focuses not so much on general technical problems with regard to PCB design because these are covered well by the existing literature. Instead specific problems are addressed that are relevant for rather small, resource-restricted companies with manufacturing quantities for a board in the hundreds range and multi-year lifecycles. Structured according to a practically-proven development sequence, some generally applicable potential pitfalls and previously undocumented problems are shown. This kind of production volume is very relevant because it applies to almost all industrial applications as well as e.g. in-field evaluations of consumer electronics.

关键词： Hardware Consumer electronics Industrial control Field programmable gate arrays Electronics industry sensor arrays Manufacturing industries Firewire Industrial electronics Automatic control

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Noise Correlations in Phase-Locked VECSEL arrays

Noise Correlations in Phase-Locked VECSEL Arrays

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conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (CLEO EUROPE)

作者： Sopfy Karuseichyk Vishwa Pal Isabelle Sagnes Fabien Bretenaker Centrale Supélec LuMIn Université Paris-Saclay ENS CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette France Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Rupnagar Punjab India C2N CNRS Université Paris Saclay Université Paris Sud Palaiseau France

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345995

Phase-locking of laser arrays was widely investigated in solid state Nd:YAG lasers [1]–[4] and CO 2 gas lasers [5]. Intracavity phase-locking of the laser array provides a methodology of high-quality beam shaping for medical, analytical, and industrial applications. Moreover, this kind of many-oscillator system is of interest for optimization problems and optical computations. Above mentioned lasers obey class-B laser dynamics due to the large values of their carrier lifetime. These dynamical classes are characterized by strong intensity oscillation and strong response to any system perturbations and noise even after reaching the system's steady state. Semiconductor active elements, such as VCSEL's hetero-structures (vertical cavity surface emitting laser), have an ns carrier lifetime. External cavity VCSEL was shown to be a very low noise laser (RIN∼−140dB/Hz) exhibiting quiet behavior without relaxation oscillations thanks to its low-loss long cavity [6]–[8]. Thus using such a structure as an active medium inside a degenerate cavity provides a class-A laser array. Here we present experimental results of VECSEL laser array development in a degenerate cavity and investigation of the noise characteristics of the free-running (Fig. 1.(b) top) and phase-locked regimes (Fig. 1(b) bottom). The experimental setup is presented in Fig. 1(a). The laser array is created using a metal mask placed very close to the output coupler (holes diameter = $200\mu\mathrm{m}$ , center-to-center separation = $250\mu\mathrm{m}$ ). Phase-locking is achieved using injection locking between the different lasers created by diffraction from the mask. Diffracted light of each laser creates a coupling channel with its neighbors after reflection on the mirror. Noise correlation between the coupled lasers was investigated for different sets of laser parameters in a wide range of noise frequencies. The influence of phase-locking on the intensity noise correlation between neighboring lasers (Fig.

关键词： Beam shaping Laser arrays Laser coupling Relaxation oscillations solid state lasers Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

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A CMOS imager with digital phase readout for fluorescence lifetime imaging

A CMOS imager with digital phase readout for fluorescence li...

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European conference on solid-state Circuits (ESSCIRC)

作者： Jian Guo Sameer Sonkusale Nano Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tufts University Medford MA USA

This paper presents a novel CMOS image sensor with direct digital phase output for fluorescence lifetime imaging applications. The phase-shift between intensity modulated excitation signal and emitted fluorescence is extracted utilizing a zero-crossing detection algorithm as a time-domain delay signal. A Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) is subsequently used to quantize the time delay into digital output. A prototype sensor chip consisting of 32×32 passive pixel array, row-parallel phase extraction circuitry, and a global TDC is fabricated in 65nm low-power CMOS technology. The chip occupies 4mm×4mm silicon area with 1.2mW power consumption. Extensive characterization and phase image reconstruction results demonstrate both high sensitivity and good linearity performance of the digital phase readout. The TDC features 110ps temporal resolution over 414μs dynamic range. The proposed imager architecture offers an attractive solution for developing low-cost, low-power, and highly-integrated fluorescence lifetime imaging devices.

关键词： Fluorescence Image reconstruction Delay CMOS integrated circuits Radiation detectors arrays Image sensors

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A Portable Gas sensor System for Environmental Monitoring and Malodours Control: Data Assessment of an Experimental Campaign

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AIP conference Proceedings 2011年第1期1362卷 234-235页

作者： Michele Penza Domenico Suriano Gennaro Cassano Riccardo Rossi Marco Alvisi Valerio Pfister Livia Trizio Magda Brattoli Martino Amodio Gianluigi De Gennaro aBrindisi Technical Unit of Technologies for Materials ENEA ‐ Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development SS 7 Appia Km 712 Brindisi Italy bChemistry Department University of Bari via Orabona 4 Bari Italy cLenviros srl spin‐off from University of Bari via Orabona 4 Bari Italy

A portable sensor‐system based on solid‐state gas sensors has been designed and implemented as proof‐of‐concept for environmental air‐monitoring applications, malodours olfactometric control and landfill gas monitoring. Commercial gas sensors and nanotechnology sensors are arranged in a configuration of array for multisensing and multiparameter devices. Wireless sensors at low‐cost are integrated to implement a portable and mobile node, that can be used as early‐detection system in a distributed sensor network. Real‐time and continuous monitoring of hazardous air‐contaminants ( NO2, CO, PAH, BTEX, etc.) has been performed in field measurements by comparison of chemical analyzers from environmental protection governmental agency (ARPA‐Puglia). In addition, experimental campaigns of the integrated portable sensor‐system have been realized for assessment of malodours emitted from an urban waste site. The results demonstrate that the sensor‐system has a potential capacity for real‐time measurements of air‐pollutants, malodours from waste site, and control of landfill gas.

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Realization of in situ doped n-type and p-type Si-microprobe array by selective vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth method

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JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS & REVIEW PAPERS 2005年第4B期44卷 2161-2165页

作者： Islam, MS Ishino, H Kawano, T Takao, H Sawada, K Ishida, M Toyohashi Univ Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Toyohashi Aichi 4418580 Japan

In this paper we report the development of n-type and p-type Si-microprobe arrays fabricated by using in situ doping in vapor-liquid-solid, (VLS) growth employing a gas-source molecular beam epitaxy (GS-MBE) system as the growth environment. VLS growth using Si2H6 only gives intrinsic Si microprobes with the resistivity of similar to 10(4) Omega-cm, which decreases to similar to 10-(2) Omega-cm after phosphorous diffusion at 1100 degrees C. However, by incorporating in situ doping into the VLS growth method, more conductive probes (resistivity similar to 10(-3) Omega-cm) can be realized at a temperature less than 700 degrees C. The site and diameter of the VLS-grown probe can be controlled and the growth rate is higher than that of a poly-Si or epitaxial Si crystal grown by the vapor-solid (VS) method. Due to the low processing temperature, in situ doping is effective for realizing highly conductive probe arrays with smart sensor devices by a standard IC process followed by VLS growth. The wide range of doping leads to the possibility of using these probes for the fabrication of vertical active devices such as diodes and transistors.

关键词： vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth in situ doping molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) Si-microprobe array vertical active devices

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Microcantilever-based sensor array tor amine detection in agro-tood applications

Microcantilever-based sensor array tor amine detection in ag...

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2nd European conference & Exhibition on Integration Issues of Miniaturized Systems - MOMS, MOEMS, ICS and Electronic Components

作者： Andrea Adami Massimiliano Decarli Leandro Lorenzelli Vittorio Guarnieri Mattia Malfatti Constantin Apetrei Maria Luz Rodriguez Mendez Fondazione Bruno Kessler Trento Italy University of Valladolid Spain

In industry and food supply chain there is an increasing need for integrated monitoring system to assure product quality. In particular, in the fishing industry, the detection of amines with an integrated system can allow real time and on-field analyses of products during the whole production and delivering process. This work presents the development of silicon microcantilever-based sensor arrays designed for integration in a chromatographic system for food quality monitoring applications. Microcantilevers are MEMS-structures suitable for chemical sensing; sensitivity to specific analytes can be achieved by coating the beam surface with proper chemically sensitive films. Analyte adsorption onto the surface affects both resonance frequency and beam bending, leading to different read-out approach which can be also combined. In this work, four-beam arrays have been designed and realised with a CMOS-compatible process in order to monitor the shift of the resonant frequency due to mass adsorption on the beam surface. The realised devices have been designed to work up to the third resonance mode in order to take advantage of the higher working frequencies, and in the frequency range from 10 to 180kHz. An integrated piezoresistive Wheatstone bridge read-out has been used in order to enhance sensitivity and to reduce read-out temperature dependence. The selected sensitive materials were Lutetium and Cobalt-Phtalocyanines. The read-out electronic that has been developed is based on a feedback system for measuring the frequency shift of the beam, allowing an increase of the resonance quality factor and frequency resolution of more than one order of magnitude. The selected configuration uses a PLL in locked state to follow the frequency of the cantilever and give the signal to the piezo-driver in order to maintain the system at resonance.

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development of a Mixed-Mode Pixel Array Detector for macromolecular crystallography

Development of a Mixed-Mode Pixel Array Detector for macromo...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： S.G. Angello F. Augustine A. Ercan S.M. Gruner R.C. Hamlin T. Hontz Ng.H. Xuong M.J. Renzi D.R. Schuette M.W. Tate W. Vernon Area Detector Systems Corporation Poway CA USA Augustine Engineering Encinitas CA USA Department of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University Ithaca NY USA CHESS The Physics Department Cornell University Ithaca NY USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA MIT Lincoln Laboratories Lexington MA USA Physics Department Cornell University Ithaca NY USA Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics Cornell University Ithaca NY USA

A Mixed-Mode Pixel Array Detector (MMPAD) has been conceived for protein crystallography applications. The most notable feature of the detector is the combination of analog and digital approaches used in the pixel to generate very large dynamic range, low dead time, and fast readout of the types of spot intensity measurements needed in X-ray images from large macromolecules. Prototype structures for the pixel have been fabricated and evaluated and indicate that an intensity range of 10/sup 7/ to 1 can be measured with a precision of 0.25%, while still maintaining a high DQE for X-rays in the 6-18 keV range. The mixed-mode structure is compatible with a fast I/O system and allows the possibility of full-frame readout in the ms range. We present details of pixel behavior, design of support electronics, hybridization results and plans for fabrication of large arrays.

关键词： sensor arrays Crystallography X-ray imaging Proteins Computer vision X-ray detection X-ray detectors Pixel Dynamic range Time measurement

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Fundamental study on embedded displacement sensor arrays for ultrasonic-assisted ultraprecision machining 22

Fundamental study on embedded displacement sensor arrays for...

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22nd International conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2022

作者： Uhlmann, E. Polte, M. Bulla, B. Dambon, O. Dicke, C. Hocke, T. Thißen, K. Heper, M. Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management IWF Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Berlin Germany Son-x GmbH Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781998999118

Ultraprecision machining is a key technology for manufacturing complex steel moulds with dimensional accuracies in sub-micrometer range for mass production of optical components using micro-injection moulding. According to the state of the art, during the machining of carbide-forming metals, such as steel alloys, used single crystal diamond tools suffer from excessive tool wear. In order to overcome this technological und economical limitation, ultrasonic-assisted ultraprecision machining is applied successfully in a broad range of industrial and scientifically applications. Based on the reduction of the contact time between the tool and the workpiece excessive chemical and related tribological tool wear can be avoided. Nevertheless, the cutting speed is strictly limited to deceed critical contact times. Therefore, the monitoring of the tool vibration characteristic and thus the process control is a major challenge and of current industrial and scientifically interest. To overcome these challenges a method for in-situ measurement of the ultrasonic vibration is currently being developed and first results are shown. Using the sophisticated ultrasonic system, developed by SON-X GMBH, Aachen, Germany, up to a frequency fUS= 100 kHz the application of a dedicated eddy current sensor enabled the determination of the real path lines and the exact position of the cutting edge during the whole process with a displacement amplitude AD= 1 µm. The results were subsequently verified by laser vibrometer measurements. As a result of the investigation, an elliptical path movement of the cutting edge in the longitude direction AD,y= ± 1.0 µm and in z-direction AD,z= ± 0.34 µm could be determined using a frequency fUS= 100 kHz. Based on this new measurement method, the vibration characteristic can be specifically varied and adapted to the application. In addition, a comprehensive scientifical knowledge of the process can be gained and used to improve tool wear models. © European Soci

关键词： Vibration analysis

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Fluorescent Detection of Oral Pathogens by a solid-Phase Immunoassay on PDMS

Fluorescent Detection of Oral Pathogens by a Solid-Phase Imm...

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Annual International conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： A.O. Fung C.-Y. Yang S. Freire C.D. Montemagno B. Brough C.-M. Ho F. Gu W. Shi Department of Bioengineering UCLA Los Angeles CA USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering UCLA Los Angeles CA USA School of Dentistry UCLA Los Angeles CA USA

We have developed an array of sensors for the oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device. The model bacterial analyte, S. mutans, has been implicated in the initiation and progression of dental caries. The PDMS was modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) and glutaraldehyde to covalently crosslink monoclonal anti-S. mutans immunoglobulin G (IgG) to the sensor surface. Successful IgG immobilization was verified by AFM and fluorescence imaging. Colloidal bacteria were captured on the sensor surface and labeled with immuno-active quantum dots (QDs), whose fluorescence was excited by an LED and detected by a CCD. The system was capable of detecting S. mutans concentrations as low as 6times10 6 cells/ml in a 20 mul sample. This work represents a stable foundation for the development of a chair side diagnostic system capable of specific and sensitive detection of pathogens directly from oral fluid

关键词： Fluorescence Pathogens Immune system Plasma chemistry Dentistry sensor arrays Microorganisms Plasma applications Plasma devices Biomedical engineering

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Multi-filament triggering of PCSS for high current utilizing VCSEL triggers

Multi-filament triggering of PCSS for high current utilizing...

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International conference on Pulsed Power

作者： Alan Mar D. K. Serkland G. A. Keeler L. D. Roose K. M. Geib G. M. Loubriel F. J. Zutavern Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM USA

We are developing advanced optically-activated solid-state switch technology for Firing Sets. Advanced switch development at Sandia has demonstrated multikA/ kV switching and the path for scalability to even higher current/power, resulting in good prospects for sprytron replacement and other even higher current pulsed power switching applications. Realization of this potential requires development of new optical sources/switches based on key Sandia photonic device technologies: vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) devices.

关键词： arrays Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers Optical switches Surface emitting lasers Optical device fabrication Delay Apertures

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