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International Symposium on High Density Packaging and Microsystem Integration (HDP)

作者： S.W.R. Lee C.H. Lau S.P. Chan K.Y. Ma M.H. Ng Y.W. Ng K.H. Lee J.C.C. Lo Department of Mechanical Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Kowloon Hong Kong China

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been widely used for a long period of time in various applications such as instrumentation signals, message displays, traffic signals, decoration and personal lighting. With the increase in power rating and the improvement in optical efficiency, LEDs have demonstrated high potential for general lighting applications. In recent years, people became interested in using high brightness LEDs (HB-LEDs) as light sources to replace conventional fluorescent light tubes and lamps. Industrial forecasting indicated that the luminous efficiency of HB-LEDs will be greatly improved in the near future. In addition to increasing luminous efficiency, HB-LEDs have other advantages such as ultra long life, relatively low power consumption, and no UV radiation. These superior properties give HB-LEDs an extra edge over conventional lighting sources. In this study, the coating process for generating white light from blue LEDs was investigated. Furthermore, a prototype of HB-LED array module was fabricated to demonstrate the feasibility of such a lighting device. The outcome of the present study shows that HB-LED array modules should have good potential to replace conventional fluorescent light tubes for indoor solid state lighting (SSL)

关键词： Prototypes Optical arrays solid state lighting Light emitting diodes LED lamps Instruments Displays Stimulated emission Brightness Light sources

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Electronic noses: prospects for applications in Australian industry

Electronic noses: prospects for applications in Australian i...

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International conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Electronic Systems (KES)

作者： D.C. Levy D.A. Barnett G.A. Bell Department of Electrical Engineering University of Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Chemosensory Research University of New South Wales Eveleigh NSW Australia

The term 'electronic nose' is a generic name for an analytical instrument that profiles the headspace volatiles over or around a sample. The technology is based on an array of chemical sensors whose outputs are integrated by advanced signal processing to rapidly identify complex odour mixtures. The paper gives a brief overview of the current state of the art of electronic noses and then goes on to discuss work which may lead to the development and improvement of nose instruments and their application in industries such as food manufacturing.

关键词： Electronic noses Australia Electronics industry Instruments sensor arrays Chemical technology Chemical sensors Array signal processing Food industry Manufacturing industries

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A 0.024 mm2 4.9 fJ 10-bit 2 MS/s SAR ADC in 65 nm CMOS

A 0.024 mm2 4.9 fJ 10-bit 2 MS/s SAR ADC in 65 nm CMOS

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European conference on solid-state Circuits (ESSCIRC)

作者： Guohe Yin He-Gong Wei U-Fat Chio Sai-Weng Sin U. Seng-Pan Zhihua Wang Rui Paulo Martins Institute of Microelectronics Tsinghua University Beijing China State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed Signal VLSI Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Macau China University of Macau Taipa Macau MO On leave from Instituto Superior Técnico Technical University of Lisbon Portugal

This paper presents a Successive Approximation Register Analog-to-Digital Converter (SAR ADC) design for sensor applications. An energy-saving switching technique is proposed to achieve ultra low power consumption. The measured Signal-to-Noise-and-Distortion Ratio (SNDR) of the ADC is 58.4 dB at 2 MS/s with an ultra-low power consumption of only 6.6 μW from a 0.8V supply, resulting in a Figure-Of-Merit (FOM) of 4.9 fJ/conversion-step. The prototype is fabricated in 65 nm CMOS technology with an area of 0.024 mm 2 .

关键词： Capacitors Switches arrays CMOS integrated circuits Approximation methods Registers Capacitance

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Inter-pixel cross-talk as background to two-photon interference effects in SPAD arrays

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2024年第12期19卷 P12015页

作者： Kulkov, Sergei Potuckova, Tereza Bernasconi, Ermanno Bruschini, Claudio Milanese, Tommaso Charbon, Edoardo Shawkat, Mst Shamim Ara Nomerotski, Andrei Svihra, Peter Czech Tech Univ Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn Beehova 7 Prague Czech Republic Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL Adv Quantum Architecture Lab Rue Maladiere 71 Neuchatel Switzerland Florida Int Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn 10555 West Flagler St Miami FL 10555 USA Czech Acad Sci Dept Astroparticle Phys Inst Phys Slovance 1999-2 Prague Czech Republic Czech Acad Sci Dept Detector Dev & Data Proc Inst Phys Slovance 1999-2 Prague Czech Republic

Cross-talk is a well-known feature of single-photon avalanche detectors. It is especially important to account for this effect in applications involving temporal coincidences of two or more photons registered by the sensor since in this case the cross-talk may mimic the useful signal. In this work, we characterize the cross-talk of the LinoSPAD2 detector, as well as perform joint measurements of the cross-talk and Hanbury Brown-Twiss two-photon interference, comparing and cross-calibrating both effects. With a median dark count rate of 125 cps/pixel, we report the average cross-talk probability of 0.22% for the nearest neighbor and also observe a long-range cross-talk of the order 2 10(-5)% for channels separated by up to 20 pixels.

关键词： Timing detectors Interferometry Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes, APDs, Si-PMTs, G-APDs, CCDs, EBCCDs, EMCCDs, CMOS imagers, etc) Timing detectors Interferometry

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Air cooled flight worthy eye-safe coherent lidar transceiver

Air cooled flight worthy eye-safe coherent lidar transceiver

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conference on Digital Avionics Systems (DASC)

作者： H.R. Bagley S.M. Hannon M.A. Poling D.L. Schnal Coherent Technol. Inc. Lafayette CO USA Coherent Technologies Inc. Lafayette CO USA

Coherent lidar systems based on solid-state laser technology and operating at eye-safe wavelengths have rapidly evolved as useful sensors for several ground-based and airborne wind-related remote sensing applications. Until now, these systems did not lend themselves to many airborne applications due the constraints of their cost, size, weight and a large, power-consuming chiller required to keep the system temperature stabilized. In recent and ongoing engineering developments as part of the Laser Wind and Hazard Profiler (LWiHP) program, we have succeeded in producing a convective-air-cooled lidar transceiver with a factor of four reduction in size, weight, parts count and subsequent cost reductions. This effort was specifically aimed at installing lidar systems on both military helicopter (the Apache AH-64D) and high performance fighter aircraft (the F/A-18 and the Joint Strike Fighter) for several different wind sensing and obstacle detection applications. This paper describes the engineering development that enables these technology advances.

关键词： Laser radar Transceivers Costs Military aircraft solid lasers sensor systems and applications Remote sensing Temperature sensors Power engineering and energy Hazards

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Pressure sensor based on organic single crystal air-gap transistor

Pressure sensor based on organic single crystal air-gap tran...

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International conference on solid state sensors and Actuators (TRANSDUCERS)

作者： Marco J. Pereira Cédric Ayela Lionel Hirsch Isabelle Dufour Alejandro Briseno Micaela Matta Yoann Olivier Luca Muccioli Alfred Crosby Guillaume Wantz Univ. Bordeaux IMS UMR 5218 Talence FRANCE Polymer Science & Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA Univ. Bordeaux LCPO UMR 5629 Pessac FRANCE Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials University of Mons Mons BELGIUM

ISBN: (纸本)9781538627334

With the development of new technologies, researchers have recently focused their interest on flexible electronics to improve the interaction between users and devices. In this context, integrated ultra-low-pressure sensors remain a technological challenge. Here, we show that organic single crystal-based air-gap transistors fabricated by soft lithography are extremely sensitive to mechanical strain and pressure. When low forces are applied to the suspended semiconducting crystal (rubrene), the gated transistors show that drain currents as output signals are extremely sensitive to the deformations. Incredibly high gauge factors, over 4000, are measured using this technique. Further investigation shows that the contact resistance at the rubrene-gold interface is responsible for the high sensing performances. Such a platform is also able to detect sound waves with high sensitivity, making these simple devices suitable for applications in pressure sensing.

关键词： Crystals Transistors Air gaps Electrodes Pressure sensors Strain

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Printed electronics for low-cost electronic systems: Technology status and application development

Printed electronics for low-cost electronic systems: Technol...

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European conference on solid-state Device Research (ESSDERC)

作者： Vivek Subramanian Josephine B. Chang Alejandro de la Fuente Vornbrock Daniel C. Huang Lakshmi Jagannathan Frank Liao Brian Mattis Steven Molesa David R. Redinger Daniel Soltman Steven K. Volkman Qintao Zhang Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA USA University of California Berkeley California USA

In recent years, printing has received substantial interest as a technique for realizing low cost, large area electronic systems. Printing allows the use of purely additive processing, thus lowering process complexity and material usage. Coupled with the use of low-cost substrates such as plastic, metal foils, etc., it is expected that printed electronics will enable the realization of a wide range of easily deployable electronic systems, including displays, sensors, and RFID tags. We review our work on the development of technologies and applications for printed electronics. By combining synthetically derived inorganic nanoparticles and organic materials, we have realized a range of printable electronic “inks”, and used these to demonstrate printed passive components, multilayer interconnection, diodes, transistors, memories, batteries, and various types of gas and biosensors. By exploiting the ability of printing to cheaply allow for the integration of diverse functionalities and materials onto the same substrate, therefore, it is possible to realize printed systems that exploit the advantages of printing while working around the disadvantages of the same.

关键词： Printing Costs Additives Plastics Flat panel displays sensor systems RFID tags Nanoparticles Organic materials Nonhomogeneous media

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Free-standing, parylene-sealed copper interconnect for stretchable silicon electronics

Free-standing, parylene-sealed copper interconnect for stret...

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Electronic Components and Technology conference (ECTC)

作者： S. Sosin T. Zoumpoulidis M. Bartek L. Wang R. Dekker K.M.B. Jansen L.J. Ernst Delft University of Technnology Delft Netherlands Philips Research Eindhoven Netherlands

In this paper, development and characterization of a freestanding electroplated copper interconnect for applications in flexible and stretchable electronics is presented. The copper layer with typical thickness of 5 mum is plated into a photoresist mould realizing meander and mesh-like patterns. These are subsequently released resulting in a free-standing electrical interconnect that is optionally conformally coated by a ~8 mum thick Parylene N layer. Parylene sealing provides electrical insulation and increases rigidity of the structures. Tensile tests on fabricated samples have shown the elongation capability up to 300% for the mesh design and more than 1000% for the meander design. The Parylene coated samples showed increased rigidity but about 50% reduced elongation. Furthermore, parameterized FEM simulations were performed in order to estimate stress levels for different geometries under tensile stress.

关键词： Copper Silicon Integrated circuit interconnections Conducting materials Tensile stress Inorganic materials sensor arrays Resists Dielectrics and electrical insulation solid modeling

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Detection of trace gas contaminants using diode laser based methods

Detection of trace gas contaminants using diode laser based ...

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Pacific Rim conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO/Pacific Rim)

作者： F.K. Tittel Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA

In recent years, tunable diode laser based sensors have found widespread applications to the sensitive and selective detection of environmentally important atmospheric trace gases in real time. Numerous analytical tools based on different optical and non-optical techniques have been developed in the past. However, an ideal gas sensor technology that meets such diverse requirements as high sensitivity and selectivity, wavelength tunability of multi-component detection, fully computerized, room temperature operation (i.e. no liquid nitrogen cooling), large dynamic range, compactness, high reliability (insensitive to vibrations and large variations in ambient temperature), relative ease of use and cost-effectiveness in terms of initial and maintenance costs, is a challenging research and development task. Recent significant technological advances of semiconductor diode lasers and tunable all solid state lasers, novel bulk and waveguide infrared nonlinear materials for parametric optical frequency conversion, optical fiber amplifiers and couplers, thermoelectric coded low noise infrared detectors, and advanced data acquisition and signal processing techniques have had a considerable impact on development of state of the art of diode laser based trace gas sensors.

关键词： Diode lasers Tunable circuits and devices Optical signal processing Gas detectors Temperature distribution Temperature sensors solid lasers Optical waveguides Infrared detectors Atmospheric waves

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Thermoelectric MEMS generators as a power supply for a body area network

Thermoelectric MEMS generators as a power supply for a body ...

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International conference on solid state sensors and Actuators (TRANSDUCERS)

作者： V. Leonov P. Fiorini S. Sedky T. Torfs C. Van Hoof Inter University Micro Electronics Center Leuven Belgium American University Cairo Egypt

Miniaturized and cost-effective thermoelectric generators (TEG) scavenging energy from environment could potentially provide power autonomy to consumer electronic products operating at low power. For example, TEG mounted in a wristwatch have been used to generate electricity from human heat. The key point of IMEC's research in this field is the realization of a body area network, consisting of a set of wireless sensors/actuators, able to provide health, sports, comfort, and safety monitoring functions to the user. The development of miniature energy scavengers built on MEMS technology is a primary goal of the ongoing research, as this will make the network truly power autonomous. In this paper, the modeling and a novel design of MEMS TEG especially conceived for human body applications are described. The design is built on the basis of a thermal model of the device, which includes the human body as one of its important elements. For this purpose, the research on human body thermal features is performed. The TEG prototype made with commercial thermopiles is tested with power conditioning electronics and a wireless module mounted on a watchstrap.

关键词： Thermoelectricity Micromechanical devices Power generation Power supplies Body area networks Humans Wireless sensor networks Biological system modeling Electronic equipment testing Consumer electronics

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