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The semistor: a new concept in selective methane detection

sensorS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL 1999年第1-3期57卷 108-114页

作者： Williams, G Coles, GSV Univ Coll Swansea Dept Elect & Elect Engn Swansea SA2 8PP W Glam Wales

Technology associated with both catalytic and semiconductor-based gas sensors has been combined to produce hybrid devices capable of detecting low levels of combustible gases. First-generation non-selective sensors, which respond to a wide range of reducing gases including hydrogen, carbon monoxide, lower hydrocarbons and ethanol vapour, were obtained by coating narrow diameter platinum wire coils with a low resistivity tin dioxide-based formulation. As in the case of catalytic sensors, semiconductor-based pelli stors (semistors) art: typically operated in a bridge-type circuit. However, in contrast to catalytic sensors, which rue used to detect percentage levels of combustible gases, semistors are responsive to sub-100 ppm concentrations. Optimisation experiments have been carried out on factors affecting performance, such as sensing layer composition, coil pitch and firing time. A further study on the effects of incorporating an additional catalyst-containing surface filter layer has led to the development of a second-generation methane-selective sensor. Undesirable humidity and ambient temperature effects, normally associated with tin dioxide-based sensors, can be eradicated by operating a semistor in conjunction with a compensating element. This utilises a filter layer, which removes all target gas response while retaining the same humidity and temperature dependence as the sensor. (C) 1999 Elsevier science S.A. All rights reserved.

关键词： gas sensor methane catalytic tin dioxide

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Optimal parameter estimation method for different types of resonant liquid sensors 28

Optimal parameter estimation method for different types of r...

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28th European conference on solid-state Transducers (EUROsensorS)

作者： Voglhuber-Brunnmaier, Thomas Heinisch, Martin Niedermayer, Alexander O. Abdallah, Ali Beigelbeck, Roman Jakoby, Bernhard Johannes Kepler Univ Linz Inst Microelect & Microsensors Altenbergerstr 69 A-4040 Linz Austria Danube Univ Krems Ctr Integrated Sensor Syst A-2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria Vienna Univ Technol Inst Sensor & Actuator Syst A-1040 Vienna Austria

The performance of a recently introduced method to estimate the resonance parameters from complex spectral data and the error propagation for viscosity and density parameters of liquids are examined. The method is known to produce excellent results when used for piezoelectric and Lorentz force actuated sensors for single port or two-port devices. The method is also suited for very low quality factors (< 10) which extends the usable measurement range of many sensor concepts, especially for fluid sensing applications. Generally valid expressions for the measurement accuracy are stated and compared to measurement results obtained with a piezoelectric tuning fork and a Lorentz force actuated and inductively read out platelet sensor. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： viscosity sensor lumped element circuit Cramer-Rao lower bound accuracy fluid loading

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Brain-Inspired Technologies: Towards Chips that Think? 65

Brain-Inspired Technologies: Towards Chips that Think?

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65th IEEE International solid-state Circuits conference (ISSCC)

作者： De Salvo, Barbara Univ Grenoble Alpes CEA Leti Grenoble France

ISBN: (纸本)9781509049400

The advent of the Internet-of-Things has introduced a new paradigm that supports a decentralized and hierarchical communication architecture, where a great deal of analytics processing occurs at the edge and at the end-devices instead of in the Cloud. To map the embedded-systems requirements, we present a holistic research approach to the development of low-power architectures inspired by the human brain, where process development and integration, circuit design, system architecture, and learning algorithms are simultaneously optimized. This paper is organized as follows: We begin with a survey of recent research on the human brain and a historical perspective of cognitive neuroscience. Then, artificial intelligence is introduced, and the challenges of Deep Learning systems (in terms of power requirements) are addressed. The key reasons to distribute intelligence over the whole network are discussed. To emphasize the need for low-power solutions, a quantitative benchmark of existing specialized edge platforms that can execute machine-learning algorithms on conventional embedded hardware is presented. The primary focus of this paper will be on the implementation of optimized neuromorphic hardware as a highly promising solution for future ultra-low-power cognitive systems. We show that emerging technologies (such as advanced CMOS, 3D technologies, emerging resistive memories, and Silicon photonics), coupled with novel brain-inspired paradigms, such as spike-coding and spike-time-dependent-plasticity, have extraordinary potential to provide intelligent features in hardware, approaching the way knowledge is created and processed in the human brain. Finally, we conclude with our vision of the enabled future disruptive applications and a discussion of the main challenges which should be tackled to exploit the full potential of brain-inspired technologies.

关键词： Hardware Neurons Artificial intelligence Cognitive science Biological neural networks Wireless sensor networks Wireless communication

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Indium Gallium Arsenide imaging with smaller cameras, higher resolution arrays, and greater material sensitivity

Indium Gallium Arsenide imaging with smaller cameras, higher...

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conference on Infrared Detectors and Focal Plane arrays VII

作者： Ettenberg, MH Cohen, MJ Brubaker, RM Lange, MJ O'Grady, MT Olsen, GH Sensors Unltd Inc Princeton NJ 08540 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444715

Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) photodiode arrays have numerous commercial, industrial, and military applications. During the past 10 years, great strides have been made in the development of these devices starting with simple 256-element linear photodiode arrays and progressing to the large 640 x 512 element area arrays now readily available. Linear arrays are offered with 512 elements on a 25 micron pitch with no defective pixels, and are used in spectroscopic monitors for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems as well as in machine vision applications. A 320 x 240 solid-state array operates at room temperature, which allows development of a camera which is smaller than 25 cm(3) in volume, weighs less than 100 g and uses less than 750 mW of power. Two dimensional focal plane arrays and cameras have been manufactured with detectivity, D*, greater than 10(14)cm-rootHZ/W at room temperature and have demonstrated the ability to image at night. Cameras are also critical tools for the assembly and performance monitoring of optical switches and add-drop multiplexers in the telecommunications industry. These same cameras are used for the inspection of silicon wafers and fine art, laser beam profiling, and metals manufacturing. By varying the Indium content, InGaAs photodiode arrays can be tailored to cover the entire short-wave infrared spectrum from 1.0 micron to 2.5 microns. InGaAs focal plane arrays and cameras sensitive to 2.0 micron wavelength light are now available in 320 x 240 formats.

关键词： near-infrared InGaAs focal plane array camera high-resolution imaging Wavelength Division Multiplexing

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Neutron Detection Module Based on Li-Glass Scintillator and Array of SiPMs

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE 2020年第4期67卷 599-602页

作者： Wengrowicz, Udi Osovitzky, Alon Ocherashvili, Aaron Volasky, Eli Ifergan, Yahir Kadmon, Yagil Raveh, Avi Orion, Itzhak Nucl Res Ctr Negev NRCN IL-84190 Beer Sheva Israel Ben Gurion Univ Negev Nucl Engn Unit IL-84105 Beer Sheva Israel Rotem Ind Ltd Radiat Detect Div Rotem Ind Pk IL-8680600 Mishor Yamin Dn Arava Israel

This article presents a model setup of neutron sensors consisting of a Li-glass scintillator coupled with a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array. The newest developments based on SiPMs array enable high-gain and the low-light detection capabilities of the traditional photomultiplier tube (PMT) while offering the benefits of a solid-state sensor: low-voltage operation, insensitivity to magnetic fields, reduced dimensions, and mechanical robustness. Measurements conducted with the presented setup were complemented with the Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code (MCNP) numerical simulations for larger systems. The results indicate the feasibility of utilizing the presented technology for highly sensitive handheld neutron radiation detectors in compliance with the requirements of IEC 62534 standards.

关键词： Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code (MCNP) neutron detection numerical simulations radiation detectors scintillation counters silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays

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High-density flexible parylene-based multielectrode arrays for retinal and spinal cord stimulation

High-density flexible parylene-based multielectrode arrays f...

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14th International conference on solid-state sensors, Actuators and Microsystems/21st European conference on solid-state Transducers

作者： Rodger, D. C. Fong, A. J. Li, W. Ameri, H. Lavrov, I. Zhong, H. Saati, S. Menon, P. Meng, E. Burdick, J. W. Roy, R. R. Edgerton, V. R. Weiland, J. D. Humayun, M. S. Tai, Y. C. CALTECH Pasadena CA 91125 USA Univ Southern Calif Los Angeles CA USA Univ Calif Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424408412

Novel flexible parylene-based high-density electrode arrays have been developed for functional electrical stimulation in retinal and spinal cord applications. These electrode arrays are microfabricated according to single-metal-layer and, most recently, dual-metal-layer processes. A new heat-molding process has been implemented to conform electrode arrays to approximate the curvature of canine retinas, and chronic implantation studies have been undertaken to study the mechanical effects of parylene-based prostheses on the retina, with excellent results to date. Electrode arrays have also been implanted and tested on the spinal cords of routine models, with the ultimate goal of facilitation of locomotion after spinal cord injury;these arrays provide a higher density and better spatial control of stimulation and recording than is typically possible using traditional fine-wire electrodes. Spinal cord stimulation typically elicited three muscle responses, an early (direct), a middle (monosynaptic), and a late (polysynaptic) response, classified based on latency after stimulation. Stimulation at different rostrocaudal levels of the cord yielded markedly different muscle responses, highlighting the need for such high-density arrays.

关键词： BioMEMS neural prosthesis parylene C retinal prosthesis

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Towards a Flexible/Stretchable Multiparametric Sensing Device for Surgical and Wearable applications

Towards a Flexible/Stretchable Multiparametric Sensing Devic...

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IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems conference (BioCAS)

作者： Kassanos, Panagiotis Seichepine, Florent Wales, Dominic Yang, Guang-Zhong Imperial Coll London Hamlyn Ctr Inst Global Hlth Innovat London England

ISBN: (纸本)9781509006175

There have recently been tremendous advances in materials, fabrication methods and geometrical designs for flexible/stretchable electronics. Such technologies are critical for wearable, implantable, soft robotic and surgical devices. This paper presents a novel flexible/stretchable device, realized via a commercial process. This is comprised of horseshoe interconnects, electrochemical sensor electrode arrays, a heater for thermotherapy/thermo-regulation, a temperature sensor, electrodes for recording/applying signals to tissues and a bioimpedance sensor. Electrochemical deposition and characterization of platinum black to the bioimpedance sensor and gold and subsequently IrOx for pH sensing to other electrodes, characterization of the temperature and bioimpedance sensors and heater are presented.

关键词： Flexible electronics stretchable electronics multiparametric sensing bioimpedance electrochemical sensors

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Shape-controlled ZnO nanostructures for gas sensing applications 28

Shape-controlled ZnO nanostructures for gas sensing applicat...

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28th European conference on solid-state Transducers (EUROsensorS)

作者： Jonca, Justyna Ryzhikov, Andrey Kahn, Myrtil L. Fajerwerg, Katia Chaudret, Bruno Chapelle, Audrey Menini, Philippe Fau, Pierre CNRS Chim Coordinat Lab 205 Route Narbonne F-31077 Toulouse 4 France Univ Toulouse 3 UT 3 F-31062 Toulouse 9 France CNRS UPS INSA LPCNO F-31077 Toulouse 4 France CNRS LAAS F-31400 Toulouse France

In order to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of semiconducting gas sensors, we have integrated three different ZnO nanostructures as sensitive layers on silicon chips: cloudy-like nanoparticles, isotropic nanoparticles and nanorods. We have compared their response towards three gases, namely CO, C3H8, and NH3. The morphology of ZnO nanostructures significantly influences the sensors responses to the reducing gases. These results demonstrate that sensor performance can be improved using the same sensitive material and by modifying only its shape this opens the way to new arrays of selective gas sensors. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： ZnO gas sensors organometallic approach

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Live Demonstration: A Kilohertz Kilotaxel Tactile sensor Array for Investigating Spatiotemporal Features in Neuromorphic Touch 11

Live Demonstration: A Kilohertz Kilotaxel Tactile Sensor Arr...

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11th IEEE Annual Biomedical Circuits and Systems conference (BioCAS)

作者： Lee, Wang Wei Kukreja, Sunil L. Thakor, Nitish V. Natl Univ Singapore Singapore Inst Neurotechnol SINAPSE Singapore 117456 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781479972340

Spatiotemporal spike patterns from mechanoreceptors enable rapid propagation and processing of tactile stimuli. To explore similar mechanisms in neuromorphic touch, tactile sensors of comparable scale and sampling rates are needed. In this demonstration, we present a 4096 element tactile sensor array that is capable of sampling rates of over 5 kHz. We exhibit high speed capture of pressure changes and improved discrimination of contact parameters through increased dimensionality. Such a platform permits the development of time sensitive neuromorphic algorithms for tactile perception and signal processing.

关键词： arrays Graphical user interfaces Neuromorphics Real-time systems Spatiotemporal phenomena Tactile sensors

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Nonlinear vibration modes in micro-resonator arrays

Nonlinear vibration modes in micro-resonator arrays

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Smart Structures and Materials 2006 conference

作者： Dick, Andrew J. Balachandran, Balakumar Mote, C. Daniel, Jr. Univ Maryland Dept Mech Engn College Pk MD 20742 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819462195

Nonlinear phenomena such as mode localization have been studied for a number of years in the solid-state physics literature. Energy can become localized at a specific location in a discrete system as a result of the nonlinearity of the system and not due to any defects or impurities within the considered systems. Intrinsic Localized Modes (ILMs), which are defined as localization due to strong intrinsic nonlinearity within an array of perfect, periodically repeating oscillators, are of interest to the present work. Here, such localization is studied in the context of micro-cantilever arrays and micro-resonator arrays, and it is explored if an ILM can be realized as a nonlinear normal mode or nonlinear vibration mode. The method of multiple scales and methods to determine nonlinear normal modes are used to study the nonlinear vibrations of the resonator arrays. Preliminary investigations reported in this article suggest that it is possible to realize an ILM as a nonlinear vibration mode. These results are believed to be important for future designs of microresonator arrays intended for signal processing, communication, and sensor applications.

关键词： nonlinear vibration nonlinear normal modes intrinsic localized modes micro-resonators

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