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development of a pH sensor with integrated reference electrode for cell culture monitoring

1st National conference on sensors

作者： Adami, Andrea Pedrotti, Severino Collini, Cristian Lorenzelli, Leandro FBK Center for Materials and Microsystems Via Sommarive 18 Trento 38123 Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781461438595

This work presents the development of a "all-solid state" integrated reference electrode based on a PVC membrane doped with lipophilic salts (tetrabutylammonium tetrabutylborate (TBA-TBB) and Potassium tetrakis (4-chlorphenyl)borate (KTClpB)) for the integration with ISFETs sensors using a Si3N4 dielectric as sensitive material. The described system is intended for the implementation of fully integrated large sensor arrays for high throughput cell assays. Electrode preparation and evaluation of potential stability to pH is described, demonstrating the suitability of the approach. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media.

关键词： pH sensors

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A Synthesis Tool for a Tile-Based Heterogeneous FPGA

A Synthesis Tool for a Tile-Based Heterogeneous FPGA

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9th International conference on solid-state and Integrated-Circuit Technology

作者： Zhang, Kun Yu, Hongmin Chen, Stanley L. Liu, Zhongli Chinese Acad Sci Inst Semicond Beijing 10083 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424421855

A multi-mode logic cell architecture in a tile-based heterogeneous FPGA is proposed, and a logic synthesis tool, called Vsyn, based on this architecture is presented. The logic cell architecture design and its synthesis tool development are strongly influencing each other. Any feature or parameter from one needs to be fully exercised and verified on the other. In this paper, we presented experimental results based MCNC benchmarks to show that the integration of the synthesis tool and the FPGA architecture can achieve high performance in the targeted FPGA applications. In addition, Vsyn can also target embedded special-purpose macros for the heterogeneous FPGA.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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A 47.14-$\mu\text{W}$ 200-MHz MOS/MTJ-Hybrid Nonvolatile Microcontroller Unit Embedding STT-MRAM and FPGA for IoT applications

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IEEE JOURNAL OF solid-state CIRCUITS 2019年第11期54卷 2991-3004页

作者： Natsui, Masanori Suzuki, Daisuke Tamakoshi, Akira Watanabe, Toshinari Honjo, Hiroaki Koike, Hiroki Nasuno, Takashi Ma, Yitao Tanigawa, Takaho Noguchi, Yasuo Yasuhira, Mitsuo Sato, Hideo Ikeda, Shoji Ohn, Hideo Endoh, Tetsuo Hanyu, Takahiro Tohoku Univ Res Inst Elect Commun Lab Brainware Syst Sendai Miyagi 9808577 Japan Tohoku Univ Ctr Spintron Integrated Syst Sendai Miyagi 9808577 Japan Tohoku Univ Ctr Innovat Integrated Elect Syst Sendai Miyagi 9808577 Japan Tohoku Univ Res Inst Elect Commun Sendai Miyagi 9808577 Japan Tohoku Univ Ctr Innovat Integrated Elect Syst Sendai Miyagi 9808572 Japan Tohoku Univ Ctr Spintron Integrated Syst Grad Sch Engn Sendai Miyagi 9808572 Japan Tohoku Univ Ctr Spintron Integrated Syst Sendai Miyagi 9808572 Japan Tohoku Univ Ctr Spintron Res Network Sendai Miyagi 9808572 Japan Tohoku Univ Res Inst Elect Commun Sendai Miyagi 9808572 Japan Tohoku Univ WPI Adv Inst Mat Res Sendai Miyagi 9808577 Japan Tohoku Univ Ctr Spintron Res Network Sendai Miyagi 9808577 Japan Tohoku Univ Grad Sch Engn Sendai Miyagi 9808572 Japan

The demand for energy-efficient, high-performance microcontroller units (MCUs) for the use in power-supply-critical Internet-of-Things (IoT) sensor-node applications has witnessed a substantial increase. In response, research concerning the development of several low-power-consuming MCUs has been actively pursued. The performance level of such MCUs, however, has not been sufficient, thereby rendering them non-feasible for the use in IoT sensor-node applications that process a large number of received signals immediately followed by extraction of valuable information from them to limit data transferred to a data center. To realize next-generation IoT systems based on intelligent sensor-node application, ultra-low-power high-performance MCUs need to be developed. This paper presents an ultra-low-power-consuming and high-performance MCU configuration based on the spintronics device technology, using which all modules are non-volatilized, and any wasteful power consumption is eliminated by controlling the power supplied independently to each module. By incorporating a reconfigurable accelerator module, for performing various signal-processing procedures in sensor-node applications, and a memory controller, which can speed up the entire system by relaxing the data-transfer bottleneck of logic and memory, the proposed MCU configuration achieves ultra-low power consumption and high-speed operation. As confirmed by the results obtained via measurements performed on a fabricated chip, the proposed MCU design, on average, consumed 47.14 $\mu \text{W}$ power at an operating frequency of 200 MHz. This corresponds to the world's highest signal-processing performance and energy efficiency of highly functional IoT sensor nodes powered by harvested energy

关键词： Nonvolatile memory Spintronics Performance evaluation Magnetic tunneling Central Processing Unit Memory management Standards Energy harvesting field-programmable gate arrays Internet of Things magnetic tunnel junction microcontroller unit (MCU) spin-transfer-torque magnetoresistive random access memory (STT-MRAM)

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ULTRA LOW POWER MASS-PRODUCIBLE GAS sensor BASED ON EFFICIENT SELF-HEATED GaN NANORODS 20

ULTRA LOW POWER MASS-PRODUCIBLE GAS SENSOR BASED ON EFFICIEN...

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20th International conference on solid-state sensors, Actuators and Microsystems and Eurosensors XXXIII (TRANSDUCERS and EUROsensorS)

作者： Markiewicz, Nicolai Casals, Olga Fatahilah, Muhammad Fahlesa Xu, Jiushuai Schmidt, Angelika Wasisto, Hutomo Suryo Peiner, Erwin Waag, Andreas Prades, Joan Daniel Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig Inst Semicond Technol IHT Braunschweig Germany Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig Lab Emerging Nanometrol LENA Braunschweig Germany Univ Barcelona Dept Elect & Biomed Engn MIND Barcelona Spain Univ Barcelona Inst Nanosci & Nanotechnol IN2UB Barcelona Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781728120072

This paper reports the fabrication and characterization of GaN nanorods (NRs) with a bottom contact and freestanding top contact. A top-down approach was adopted to produce an ordered array of high surface-to-volume NRs elements of GaN for gas sensing applications [1]. The GaN NRs were then used both as sensitive beams for conductometric gas sensing and as nanosized heating elements to activate their own response to gases (self-heating). GaN NRs with a diameter of 300 nm in arbitrarily large and regular arrays of 1 x 1, 3 x 3, 9 x 10 were fabricated. With power levels in the range of microwatts, these structures reach highly enough temperatures to develop a gas sensing response towards ethanol. In summary, this is one of the first systems showing efficient self-heating that can be produced using conventional microelectronic processing at a wafer scale.

关键词： GaN nanorods nanopillars top-down freestanding contact arrays environmental sensors vertical architecture

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development of a wireless bridge monitoring system for condition assessment using hybrid techniques

Development of a wireless bridge monitoring system for condi...

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conference on sensor Systems and Networks - Phenomena, Technology, and applications for NDE and Health Monitoring 2007

作者： Whelan, Matthew J. Fuchs, Michael P. Gangone, Michael V. Janoyan, Kerop D. Clarkson Univ Dept Civil & Environm Engn 8 Clarkson AveBox 5710 Potsdam NY 13699 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466518

The introduction and development of wireless sensor network technology has resulted in rapid growth within the field of structural health monitoring (SHM), as the dramatic cable costs associated with instrumentation of large civil structures is potentially alleviated. Traditionally, condition assessment of bridge structures is accomplished through the use of either vibration measurements or strain sensing. One approach is through quantifying dynamic characteristics and mode shapes developed through the use of relatively dense arrays of accelerometers. Another widely utilized method of condition assessment is bridge load rating, which is enabled through the use of strain sensors. The Wireless sensor Solution (WSS) developed specifically for diagnostic bridge monitoring provides a hybrid system that interfaces with both accelerometers and strain sensors to facilitate vibration-based bridge evaluation as well as load rating and static analysis on a universal platform. This paper presents the development and testing of a wireless bridge monitoring system designed within the Laboratory for Intelligent Infrastructure and Transportation Technologies (LIITT) at Clarkson University. The system interfaces with low-cost MEMS accelerometers using custom signal conditioning for amplification and filtering tailored to the spectrum of typical bridge vibrations, specifically from ambient excitation. Additionally, a signal conditioning and high resolution ADC interface is provided for strain gauge sensors. To permit compensation for the influence of temperature, thermistor-based temperature sensing is also enabled. In addition to the hardware description, this paper presents features of the software applications and host interface developed for flexible, userfriendly in-network control of and acquisition from the sensor nodes. The architecture of the software radio protocol is also discussed along with results of field deployments including relatively large-scale networks and throug

关键词： bridge monitoring wireless sensor network structural health monitoring ambient vibration

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An ultra-sensitive nanocomposite pressure sensor patterned in a PDMS diaphragm 16th

An ultra-sensitive nanocomposite pressure sensor patterned i...

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International solid-state sensors, Actuators and Microsystems conference

作者： Liu, Chao-Xuan Choi, Jin-Woo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 United States Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70806 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781457701573

This paper introduces an ultra-sensitive pressure sensor with a flexible diaphragm apparatus. Conductive polymer nanocomposite consisting of elastomer poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is used as the sensing element utilizing its flexibility and piezoresistivity. Uniform dispersion of carbon nanotubes as nanofillers is obtained within the polymer matrix, and micropatterns of composite are fabricated through a screen printing process which is assisted by a programmable laser ablation. Mechanical and electrical characterizations are conducted on micropatterns. Under differential pressure across the diaphragm, the sensor device is capable of detecting minute change of pressureless than 10 Pascal which is a significant improvement over current sensing capabilities. Provided with further development, this sensing format could yield potential applications in areas where accurate monitoring of air/liquid pressure is desired. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Diaphragms

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Electrical Recording of Effects of Chemotherapeutic Treatment on Cancer Spheroids

Electrical Recording of Effects of Chemotherapeutic Treatmen...

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IEEE sensors conference

作者： Ell, Maximilian Bui, Mai Thu Prado-Lopez, Sonia Zeck, Guenther TU Wien Inst Biomed Elect Vienna Austria TU Wien Inst Solid State Elect Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9798350303872

Monitoring cells on substrates time-continuously without relying on optical microscopy imaging is of broad interest in biotechnological applications. We propose an approach to electrically investigate cytotoxic effects of a chemotherapeutic treatment on cancer cells using cell adhesion noise spectroscopy. Recordings are taken with high-density microelectrode arrays, data are analyzed in terms of spectral power density.

关键词： CMOS-based microelectrode array cell adhesion noise spectroscopy colorectal cancer cells spheroids anti-cancer therapeutics

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Thin-film microsensors for high-temperature gas detection arrays

Thin-film microsensors for high-temperature gas detection ar...

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作者： Ward, Benjamin James Case Western Reserve University

学位级别：Ph.D.

Improvements in the control of engine and power generator exhausts, fire detection, and environmental monitoring can be achieved through the development of improved sensing methods. This study focused on the development of high temperature gas sensor arrays for use in these applications. sensors based on metal oxide resistors, specifically variations of tin oxide resistors and electrochemical cells were produced using microfabrication and micromachining techniques. The use of these techniques resulted in small, rugged sensors which can be produced in a repeatable manner. These sensors were designed to be usable in high temperature engine exhaust streams, but can be used in a wide range of environments due to the integration of a heater and temperature detector on chip for temperature control. Tin oxide thin films were deposited using a sol-gel technique. Three types of tin oxide sensing films were studied, including undoped tin oxide, platinum doped tin oxide, and a copper surface treated (by dip coating) tin oxide. These devices showed very different sensitivities to test gases in laboratory calibrations and were tested in several exhaust and fire-simulation systems. Two types of electrochemical cell devices were studied, including yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) for oxygen detection and a NASICON (sodium super ionic conductor)/sodium carbonate system for carbon dioxide detection. These sensors were operated in amperometric, diffusion limited mode. Both were produced on a generic “platform” for solid state, amperometric electrochemical microsensors. Laboratory testing showed sensitivity of these sensors to the gases of interest. Three separate designs of the YSZ sensor were investigated. Output currents on the order of 30 nA in nitrogen and 80 nA in air were noted. The diffusion barrier was not optimum for the desired linear change in output current compared to oxygen concentration. The NASICON based sensor included the novel processing step of electron beam evapo

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183GHz 13.5mW/pixel CMOS regenerative receiver for mm-wave imaging applications

183GHz 13.5mW/pixel CMOS regenerative receiver for mm-wave i...

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2011 IEEE International solid-state Circuits conference, ISSCC 2011

作者： Tang, Adrian Chang, Mau-Chung Frank University of California Los Angeles CA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781612843001

Terahertz- and mm-Wave-based imagers have recently gained interest for imaging in security screening and bio-imaging applications [1,2]. For these applications to become practical, the core pixel circuits employed in an imaging array must meet challenging constraints that originate from the system level design and the needs of constructing large array structures on-chip. The most critical of these constraints is that the pixel must consume very low power, as an array will inflate the total power by n2, where n2 is the total number of pixels in a square (n x n) array. Pixel circuit area is the 2nd major constraint, as the single pixel area will be also inflated by n2. This area constraint is critical because the cost-effective pixel array should ideally fit on a wafer to facilitate monolithic fabrication and avoid the need for complicated mechanical assembly of multiple array sections. A third system-level constraint similar to that experienced in CMOS image sensor arrays is the challenge of routing large numbers of analog signals between each pixel in the array and the sampling ADC. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Pixels

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A Low-Power 0.8% Sensing Error On-Chip Current sensor with Auto-Accuracy Adjustment 1

A Low-Power 0.8% Sensing Error On-Chip Current Sensor with A...

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IEEE International conference on Integrated Circuits, Technologies and applications (IEEE ICTA)

作者： Fan, Shiquan Dong, Jun Zhang, Rui Zhao, Yang Geng, Li Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538665510

In this paper, an on-chip low-power current sensor with auto-accuracy adjustment is proposed for current monitor applications, which is composed by a sensing element and a quantizer. The sensing element is designed as a current mirror with auto-adjustable current ratio of K determined by the value of sensing current. When the current is larger than a threshold value, K changes from 1000 to 2000 to reduce the power consumption. The quantizer includes a comparator, two current source arrays and two successive approximation register (SAR) logic circuits. The main 8-bit SAR logic is adopted to control a current-source array to realize current quantized range, the auxiliary 4-bit SAR logic is employed to control another current source array to achieve auto-adjustable quantized precision, and the comparator is used as a feedback loop to guarantee the quantized process. The current sensor is fabricated with a standard 0.18 mu m CMOS process with active area of 0.069 mm(2). Simulation results show that the quantized error is less than 0.8% across the current range of 1mA-100mA at 1 V supply voltage. The maximum power consumption is only 43 mu W at 100 mA load current. The excellent performance shows its good practicality for current monitor applications.

关键词： Current sensor SAR logic quantization current source array auto-accuracy adjustment

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