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Photoactivatable silanes for the site-specific immobilization of antibodies

Photoactivatable silanes for the site-specific immobilizatio...

1st SPIE conference on Microfabricated and Nanofabricated Electro-Optical Mechanical Systems for Biomedical and Environmental applications

作者： Conrad, DW Davis, AV Golightley, SK Bart, JC Ligler, FS Naval Research Lab. (United States) GEO-CENTERS Inc. (United States) American Society for Engineering Education (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819423890

The development of techniques which can be used for the discrete immobilization of multiple antibodies on solid supports has important applications in the areas of clinical diagnostics, drug discovery, and biosensor development.(1-9) While photolithography has provided many elegant methods for generating spatially-resolved reactive surface functionalities, the problem of nonspecific adsorption of proteins which occurs during sequential immobilization steps continues to hamper the development of antibody sensing arrays. This nonspecific adsorption prevents the establishment of unique and individually-addressable binding sites on the substrate surface. In as effort to solve this problem, we have synthesized and characterized a series of photoactivatable silanes which can be used for the tight-directed attachment of antibodies to solid supports. These compounds produce amine-reactive functional groups upon irradiation with UV light. The first silane derivative prepared yielded a relatively hydrophobic surface when it was used for substrate modification. The resultant surface exhibited a high degree of nonspecific protein adsorption even in the absence of light activation. We therefore decided to synthesize a more hydrophilic analog. This second derivative displayed low nonspecific protein binding even in the absence of detergents or protein blocking agents. We have used this second compound to discretely immobilize four different IgG antibodies (each directed against a different antigen) on several hydroxyl-bearing substrates. Antigen binding experiments using fluorescent and I-125-labeled antigens have confirmed that the immobilized antibodies retain their functionalities.

关键词： antibody immobilization array biosensor immunochemical sensor photoactivatable photoimmobilization photopatterning silane

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Highly sensitive temperature sensor with optomechanofluidic resonators 11

Highly sensitive temperature sensor with optomechanofluidic ...

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conference on Advanced sensor Systems and applications XI

作者： Liu, Yize Jiang, Junfeng Liu, Kun Wang, Shuang Niu, Panpan Wang, Tong Liu, Tiegen Tianjin Univ Sch Precis Instrument & Optoelect Engn Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Optoelect Informat Technol Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Inst Opt Fiber Sensing Tianjin Opt Fiber Sensing Engn Ctr Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9781510646520

ISBN: (纸本)9781510646520;9781510646513

Microfluidic optomechanical device are a unique optofluidics platform that can exhibit optomechanical oscillation in the 10-20 MHz, driven by radiation pressure (RP). The resonant enhancement of both mechanical and optical response in microcavity optomechanical devices allows exquisitely sensitive measurements of environment stimuli (pressure, force, sound speed change) and non-solid states of matter (freely flowing particles, viscous fluids). In this work, we experimentally investigate temperature tuning of these hollow-shell oscillators. We also demonstrate the effect of temperature on the frequency domain of optical machine oscillation resonance shift and applied it to the field of temperature sensing. Our result is a step towards optomechanical sensor in the field of temperature.

关键词： Optomechanical oscillation Temperature sensor Whispering gallery mode

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A tactile stress rate sensor for perception of fine surface features

A tactile stress rate sensor for perception of fine surface ...

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1991 International conference on solid-state sensors and Actuators

作者： Howe, Robert D. Div of Appl Sci Harvard Univ Cambridge MA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0879425857

The author reports the development of a new type of contact sensor for the measurement of fine surface features and textures down to the micron level. The sensor has a complicated rubber covering and is inexpensive and robust. As it is stroked across the surface of interest, piezoelectric transducers embedded in the sensor surface respond to stress induced by surface features. The sensor uses a current amplifier in place of the traditional charge amplifier, which eliminates many of the problems associated with piezoelectric transducers. The resulting signal is proportional to the rate of change of stress, or the stress rate. The signal can be interpreted with the aid of a solid mechanics model of the contact interaction and a linear deconvolution filter. The ability to detect features as small as a few micrometers has been experimentally confirmed. Intended applications include perception of surface properties to improve the robustness of robotic manipulation and rapid evaluation of surface finish in manufacturing.

关键词： Robots

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CMOS Computational Pixel for Binary Temporal Optically Encoded High-Speed Imaging

CMOS Computational Pixel for Binary Temporal Optically Encod...

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IEEE International conference on Electron Devices and solid-state Circuits (EDSSC)

作者： Luo, Yi Guo, Nan Mirabbasi, Shahriar Ho, Derek Univ British Columbia Dept Elect & Comp Engn Vancouver BC Canada City Univ Hong Kong Dept Phys & Mat Sci Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509018307

Computational imaging has recently attracted much attention due to its excellent potential in delivering advanced capabilities such as motion deblurring and high-speed compressive sensing. However, the development of computational cameras has been limited by the lack of a technology that can efficiently support temporal encoding. Conventionally, temporal encoding is performed by complicated off-chip optics such as split light modulators (SLMs). This results in camera systems with large physical sizes, performance degradation, and high power consumption. In this paper, we propose a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) pixel design that performs temporal optical binary encoding for on-chip, high-speed computational imaging applications. Compared to conventional high-speed imaging techniques, the proposed CMOS computational pixel is a promising approach for on-chip temporal encoding, enabling simpler camera optics and reduced power consumption.

关键词： Computational imaging temporal binary encoding coded Exposure CTIA pixel CMOS image sensor

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Scaling of 4H-SiC p-i-n Photodiodes for High Temperature applications 75

Scaling of 4H-SiC p-i-n Photodiodes for High Temperature App...

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75th Annual Device Research conference (DRC)

作者： Hou, Shuoben Hellstrom, Per-Erik Zetterling, Carl-Mikael Ostling, Mikael KTH Royal Inst Technol Kistagangen 16 SE-16440 Kista Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781509063284

Ultraviolet (UV) detection is important in astronomy, combustion detections and medical analysis. solid-state UV detectors based on wide band gap semiconductors, such as 4H-SiC, are widely studied because of their excellent electrical properties [1]. 4H-SiC based UV detectors are solar blind and can be applied in extremely high temperature environments [2]. However, the state-of-art 4H-SiC photodetectors still have large sizes (>10000 μm²), which are not suitable to be integrated into high resolution UV photography sensors. To build a full-frame UV imaging sensor containing megapixels, photodiodes smaller than 20 μm by side are necessary. Here, we report the fabrication and characterization of 4H-SiC p-i-n photodiodes with mesa areas scaled from 40000 μm² to 400 μm². The relationships between the parameters and the areas of the photodiodes are discussed. The photodiodes are fully functional from room temperature (RT) to 500 °C.

关键词： Estimation Field programmable gate arrays OFDM Modulation Filtration Clocks Signal processing algorithms

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Utilizing a chronopotentiometric sensor technique for metallothionein determination in fish tissues and their host parasites

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sensorS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL 2007年第1期127卷 112-119页

作者： Petrlova, Jitka Krizkova, Sona Zitka, Ondrej Hubalek, Jaromir Prusa, Richard Adam, Vojtech Wang, Joseph Beklova, Miroslava Sures, Bernd Kizek, Rene Mendel Univ Brno Dept Chem & Biochem CZ-61300 Brno Czech Republic Mendel Univ Brno Dept Anim Nutr & Forage Prod CZ-61300 Brno Czech Republic Brno Univ Technol Dept Microelect CZ-60200 Brno Czech Republic Charles Univ Prague Fac Med 2 Dept Clin Biochem & Pathobiochem CZ-15006 Prague 5 Czech Republic Arizona State Univ Dept Chem & Mat Engn Tempe AZ 85287 USA Arizona State Univ Dept Chem Tempe AZ 85287 USA Univ Vet & Pharmaceut Sci Dept Vet Ecol & Environm Protect CZ-61242 Brno Czech Republic Univ Duisburg Essen D-45117 Essen Germany

Metallothionein (MT) are a class of intracellular proteins possessing cysteme-rich and heavy metal-binding properties. They can be utilized as biomarkers for the detection and assessment of heavy metals in environmental pollution. This paper addresses the development of a sensor technique suitable for the determination of MT in the tissue samples of perches and their parasites. The work suggest a heavy metal biosensor based on interaction of heavy metals (lead(H), cadmium(H), copper(II) and silver(l)) with MT using adsorptive transfer stripping (AdTS) technique in combination with chronopotentiometric stripping analysis. The samples were investigated with various heavy metals (lead(H), cadmium(H), copper(H) and silver(l)), prior to sensor applications to understand the interaction between MT and the metals. The results obtained from this experiment clearly show that cadmium(II) had the highest affinity for MT followed by silver(l), copper(H) and lead(H). Based on these results, we attempted to quantify MT content with respect to content of a heavy metal in the samples of interest. The highest re-evaluated concentration of MT (495 ng/g of fresh weight) was determined in samples of Acanthocephalus anguillae. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： metallothionem sensor electrochemical detection peak H perch (Perca fluviatilis) parasites Acanthocephalus lucii and Acanthocephalus anguillae heavy metals

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Charge Transfer Speed Analysis in Pinned Photodiode CMOS Image sensors based on a Pulsed Storage-Gate Method 45

Charge Transfer Speed Analysis in Pinned Photodiode CMOS Ima...

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45th European solid-state Device Research conference (ESSDERC)

作者： Pelamatti, Alice Goiffon, Vincent Chabane, Aziouz Magnan, Pierre Virmontois, Cedric Saint-Pe, Olivier de Boisanger, Michel Breart Univ Toulouse Image Sensor Res Team ISAE F-31055 Toulouse France Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales F-31400 Toulouse France Airbus Def & Space F-31030 Toulouse France

ISBN: (纸本)9781467371353

DRIVEN by low noise applications, Pinned Photodiode (PPD) [1]-[3] CMOS Image sensors (CIS) have recently become the main image sensors technology for both commercial and scientific applications. The PPD (schematized in Fig. 1a) consists in a buried photodiode, where the surface p+ implant, also referred to as pinning-implant, pins the surface at the substrate potential. This peculiar structure not only reduces the dark current (by isolating the PPD from the charges generated at the SiO₂-Si interface), but also limits the maximum PPD potential, often referred to as pinning voltage [4], which corresponds to the full depletion condition. The presence of this 'potential floor' enables true charge transfer from the PPD to the collection node (or to another buried channel), whereas in standard photodiodes only charge sharing between two capacitances is possible. The combination of these unique features has led in the last decade to the development of several PPD-based detectors for high speed applications, such as Time of Flight (ToF) applications [5]-[8], which require high speed readout of small packets of photo-charges. One of the main challenges involved in PPD-based high speed detectors is to reach the best temporal resolution by maximizing the charge transfer speed from the photo-generation site to the collection node. The transfer speed becomes even more critical for applications, such as space imaging applications, which require pixel pitches of several tens of μm (for example for optics-related constraints [9]). In the last decade much effort has been put into improving charge transfer speed by introducing a drift field in the PPD by modulating the PPD local potential [5], [7], [10]-[13]. However the existing solutions often involve design and/or geometrical constraints, can require the use of a custom technology, or might not be implementable for large pixel pitches (where only a small drift field can be induced, as the maximum potential variation whi

关键词： Charge transfer CMOS image sensors Electric potential Logic gates Photodiodes

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ZnO Surface Acoustic Wave sensor for the enhanced detection of DMMP

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6th International conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies (ICMAT) / Symposium on Microwave in Science and Engineering applications

作者： Raj, V. Bhasker Tomar, Monika Nimal, A. T. Parmar, Yashoda Sharma, M. U. Gupta, Vinay Univ Delhi Dept Phys & Astrophys Delhi 110007 India Solid State Phys Lab Delhi 110054 India

ISBN: (纸本)9783037853658

This article reports the development of ZnO coated one port Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) resonators for the detection of DMMP (dimethyl methyl phosphonate), a simulant of chemical warfare agent Sarin at room temperature. For enhanced sensitivity high frequency SAW devices (433Mhz) were used. Frequency shift with DMMP exposure was found to increase with increase in thickness of ZnO film from 20 to 80 nm with maximum shift of 52 kHz. The cross sensitivity of the sensor with commonly available volatile organic compounds (VOCs), gases and water vapors has been performed and was found that the sensitivity towards other interferants is very less as compared to that of DMMP vapors. The sensing mechanism has been explained in detail. It has been shown that there was no significant change in the resistance of the film with exposure to DMMP vapors and hence the contribution of the acoustoelectric interaction is negligible. Further mass loading was not dominant. The negative differential frequency shifts proved that change in elasticity of the film with exposure to DMMP vapors is the dominant sensing mechanism.

关键词： SAW DMMP Elastic effects Resonator

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Computational survey of representative energetic materials as propellants for microthruster applications

Computational survey of representative energetic materials a...

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conference on Micro (MEMS) and Nanotechnologies for Defense and Security

作者： Fuchs, Brian Stec, Daniel, III US Army ARDEC Picatinny Arsenal NJ 07806 USA SAIC Picatinny Arsenal NJ 07806 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466785

Microthrusters are critical for the development of terrestrial micromissiles and nano air vehicles for reconnaissance, surveillance, and sensor emplacement. With the maturation of MEMS manufacturing technology, the physical components of the thrusters can be readily fabricated. The thruster type that is the most straightforward is chemical combustion of a propellant that is ignited by a heating element giving a single shot thrust. arrays of MEMS manufactured thrusters can be ganged to give multiple firings. The basic model for such a system is a solid rocket motor. The desired elements for the propellant of a chemical thruster are high specific impulse (I-sp), high temperature and pressure, and low molecular weight combustion gases. Since the combustion chamber of a microthruster is extremely small, the propellant material must be able to ignite, sustain and complete its bum inside the chamber. The propellant can be either a solid or a liquid. There are a large number of energetic materials available as candidates for a propellant for microthrusters. There has been no systematic evaluation of the available energetic materials as propellant candidates for microthrusters. This report summarizes computations done on a series of energetic materials to address their suitabilities as microthruster propellants.

关键词： microthrusters MEMS energetic materials propellants

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III-Nitride Nanowires: Emerging Materials for Lighting and Energy applications

III-Nitride Nanowires: Emerging Materials for Lighting and E...

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219th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS)/Symposium on Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Materials and Devices 12

作者： Wang, George T. Li, Qiming Huang, Jianyu Wierer, Jonathan Armstrong, Andrew Lin, Yong Upadhya, Prashanth Prasankumar, Rohit Sandia Natl Labs POB 5800 Albuquerque NM 87185 USA Los Alamos Natl Lab Los Alamos NM 87545 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781607682172;9781566778671

The aligned growth of III-nitride nanowires, along with results providing insights into the nanowire properties obtained using electrical, optical and structural characterization techniques, are discussed. A new "top-down" approach for fabricating ordered arrays of high quality GaN-based nanorods with controllable height, pitch and diameter is also presented, along with results from preliminary LEDs grown on these nanorod arrays. Additionally, a novel application of aligned nanowire arrays as strain-relief templates for the growth of high quality GaN is demonstrated.

关键词： Nanowires

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