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International conference on solid state sensors and Actuators (TRANSDUCERS)

作者： Kensall D. Wise Engineering Research Center of Wireless Integrated MicroSystems Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

Integrated sensors based on microelectronic technology were first developed in the late 60s for medical applications. Today they have evolved into wireless integrated microsystems (WIMS), combining micropower circuits, wireless interfaces, hermetic packaging, embedded power sources, and MEMS. Such devices are poised to provide important breakthroughs in health care. This paper traces the development of medical microsystems by looking at three of its earliest devices. Catheter-tip pressure sensors have evolved into smart stents and wireless intraocular monitors; wristwatch-size gas chromatography systems are emerging for the rapid identification of biomarkers for in breath; and neural interfaces are permitting revolutionary advances in neuroscience and in prostheses for deafness, blindness, epilepsy, paralysis, Parkinson's disease, and other disorders. The present status and remaining challenges in such devices will be described.

关键词： Medical services Wireless sensor networks Biomedical monitoring Wearable sensors Microelectronics Integrated circuit technology Biomedical equipment Packaging Micromechanical devices Biosensors

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A real-time image recognition system using a global directional-edge-feature extraction VLSI processor

A real-time image recognition system using a global directio...

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European conference on solid-state Circuits (ESSCIRC)

作者： Hongbo Zhu Tadashi Shibata Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems School of Engineering University of Tokyo Bunkyo Tokyo Japan

A directional-edge-feature-based real-time image recognition system has been developed. By employing a digital-pixel-sensor-embedded feature extraction VLSI processor, the delay due to the image data transfer between the image sensor and the feature extraction circuits, the most serious bottleneck in such systems, has been reduced dramatically. Parallel feature vector-generation and template-matching processor functions implemented on an FPGA further accelerate the processing speed. As a result, the latency between the image capture and the final recognition has been reduced to only 906 mus, making this system suitable for time critical applications. In addition, the capability of the system for automatic adaptation to more significant features has also been experimentally demonstrated.

关键词： Real time systems Image recognition Very large scale integration Feature extraction Delay Data mining Image sensors Circuits Field programmable gate arrays Acceleration

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Lessons learned from developing state-of-the-art control electronics (PCBs) to be manufactured in medium volume

Lessons learned from developing state-of-the-art control ele...

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International conference on Adaptive Science & Technology (ICAST)

作者： Johannes Weber Andreas Rehkopf Thomas Schmidt-Behounek Institut für Automatisierungstechnik Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg Freiberg Germany Institut für Automatisierungstechnik Océ Printing Systems GmbH Freiberg Germany

Today there is a growing trend towards increasingly complex and intelligent embedded electronics systems. To implement a desired system there is often no suitable hardware platform available on the market. This contribution illustrates the lessons learned from a joint project of a mid-cap company and a university to develop several PCBs (printed circuit boards) for industrial control purposes. This contribution focuses not so much on general technical problems with regard to PCB design because these are covered well by the existing literature. Instead specific problems are addressed that are relevant for rather small, resource-restricted companies with manufacturing quantities for a board in the hundreds range and multi-year lifecycles. Structured according to a practically-proven development sequence, some generally applicable potential pitfalls and previously undocumented problems are shown. This kind of production volume is very relevant because it applies to almost all industrial applications as well as e.g. in-field evaluations of consumer electronics.

关键词： Hardware Consumer electronics Industrial control Field programmable gate arrays Electronics industry sensor arrays Manufacturing industries Firewire Industrial electronics Automatic control

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CMOS sensor array for bi-directional communication with electrically active cells

CMOS sensor array for bi-directional communication with elec...

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International conference on Ultimate Integration of Silicon, ULIS

作者： U. Yegin M. Schindler S. Ingebrandt S. Eick S. K. Kim C.S. Hwang C. Schindler J. Schubert H. Schroeder S.K. Kim A. Offenhauser Institute of Bio- and Nanosystems 2 (IBN2) and JARA - Fundamentals of Future Information Technology Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich Germany Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Institute of Solid State Research (IFF-6) and JARA - Fundamentals of Future Information Technology Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich Germany Institute of Bio- and Nanosystems 1 (IBN1) and JARA - Fundamentals of Future Information Technology Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich Germany

In this paper, we introduce a densely packed array of floating gate field effect transistors integrated on a silicon chip (FG-FET) used for recording electrical signals from electrogenic cells and stimulating them. The chip called CALIBUR was manufactured using a commercial 2 poly - 3 metal CMOS process. Further post processing for the optimization of the capacitive coupling between the cells by using thin film high-k materials and chip encapsulation were performed in house. The post-processing step includes the development of a lift-off process for the deposition of Pt as a base layer for the high-k materials and the actual deposition of the high-k materials.

关键词： sensor arrays Bidirectional control High K dielectric materials High-K gate dielectrics FETs Silicon Manufacturing processes CMOS process Transistors Encapsulation

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A parallel 32×32 time-to-digital converter array fabricated in a 130 nm imaging CMOS technology

A parallel 32×32 time-to-digital converter array fabricated...

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European conference on solid-state Circuits (ESSCIRC)

作者： M. Gersbach Y. Maruyama E. Labonne J. Richardson R. Walker L. Grant R Henderson F. Borghetti D. Stoppa E. Charbon Technical University Delft Delft Netherlands Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK ST Microelectronics Imaging Division Edinburgh UK Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) Trento Italy

We report on the design and characterization of a 32 times 32 time-to-digital converter (TDC) array implemented in a 130 nm imaging CMOS technology. The 10-bit TDCs exhibit a timing resolution of 119 ps with a timing uniformity across the entire array of less than 2 LSBs. The differential- and integral non-linearity (DNL and INL) were measured at plusmn 0.4 and plusmn1.2 LSBs respectively. The TDC array was fabricated with a pitch of 50 mum in both directions and with a total TDC area of less than 2000 mum 2 . The characteristics of the array make it an excellent candidate for in-pixel TDC in time-resolved imagers for applications such as 3-D imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM).

关键词： CMOS technology Optical imaging sensor arrays Timing Fluorescence Microelectronics Microscopy Detectors Pixel CMOS process

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developments in localisation sensor systems

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sensor REVIEW 2008年第2期28卷 98-101页

作者： Connolly, Christine Stalactite Technologies Ltd Wakefield UK

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to report the development trends and emerging applications of non-GPS localisation sensors. Design/methodology/approach - The principles of gyroscopes and micro-electro-mechanical systems-based inertial sensors are introduced, followed by a review of products from various companies, and their applications. Findings - Highly integrated systems in robust solid-state materials are being packed into smaller housings, opening up new applications for inertial navigation sensors. The Kalman filter algorithm is widely used to remove noise from multi-sensor data and provide reliable attitude and heading measurements. applications range from stabilising cameras and detecting the motion of towed sonar arrays, to autonomous robot navigation, motion analysis in sports science, and navigating first-response rescue workers in disaster zones. Originality/value - Concentrates on non-GPS localisation technology, and shows that new developments are revolutionising position-finding and position-controlling applications.

关键词： intelligent sensors localization measurement

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Impedance extraction microsystem for nanostructured electrochemical sensor arrays

Impedance extraction microsystem for nanostructured electroc...

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作者： Yang, Chao Michigan State University

学位级别：Ph.D.

Electrochemical biosensors transform biochemical reactions into electrical information through various electrode transducers. With their high sensitivity and specificity, electrochemical biosensors are ideal agents to detect many inorganic and organic substances. Recently, the microfabrication of biosensors has matured to the point where high density arrays can be generated. A microsystem comprised of such arrays and an integrated circuit (IC) suitable for sensor interrogation and information extraction enables the capabilities of electrochemical sensors to be employed in applications that require miniaturization, including point of care medical diagnostics and distributed safety and security monitoring. In such a microsystem, the interrogation IC must provide extremely high sensitivity, to read the weak response from the miniaturized sensors, and be capable of multi-channel simultaneous readout, to support high density (∼100 elements) arrays. This dissertation focuses on overcoming the challenges and limitations in electronics that impede the development of electrochemical microsystems. Specifically, this research targets electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, an essential assay technique for many sensor interfaces. Several possible architectures for multichannel impedance spectroscopy were explored in this dissertation. The key functional blocks, identified as an impedance extractor and digitizer and a wide frequency range quadrature signal generator, were designed, tested, and implemented within a prototype biosensor array system to validate the design. The results of this research pave the way for further development of ICs for electrochemical sensors and lay a solid foundation for future implementations of fully integrated electrochemical impedance microsystems.

关键词： Electrochemical sensorsImpedance Bioelectric

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Advances in the development of solid state photomultipliers for medical imaging - art. no. 69130J

Advances in the development of solid state photomultipliers ...

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Medical Imaging 2008 conference

作者： Levin, E. Shelegeda, E. Shubin, V. E. Shushakov, D. A. Sitarsky, Constantin Vinogradov, S. Amplificat Technol Inc New York NY 11230 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819470973

We describe a new type of a sensitive semiconductor photodetector that could be used in medical imaging applications. The photodetector, based on the mechanism of discrete amplification, has performance parameters comparable to, and for some applications exceeding, those of the vacuum photomultiplier tubes. High amplification gain achieved at very low levels of excess noise is accompanied by the fast speed and high dynamic range of the photodetector. Comparison of the technology with classic arrays of Geiger-mode APD arrays is also performed.

关键词： discrete amplification avalanche photodiode photomultiplier tubes photodetector DAPD SiPM solid state photomultiplier APD PMT

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Conducting polymers in chemical sensors and arrays

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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA 2008年第1期614卷 1-26页

作者： Lange, Ulrich Roznyatouskaya, Nataliya V. Mirsky, Vladimir M. Univ Regensburg Inst Analyt Chem Chemo & Biosensors D-93040 Regensburg Germany Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ Dept Chem Moscow 119992 Russia

The review covers main applications of conducting polymers in chemical sensors and biosensors. The first part is focused on intrinsic and induced receptor properties of conducting polymers, such as pH sensitivity, sensitivity to inorganic ions and organic molecules as well as sensitivity to gases. Induced receptor properties can be also formed by molecularly imprinted polymerization or by immobilization of biological receptors. Immobilization strategies are reviewed in the second part. The third part is focused on applications of conducting polymers as transducers and includes usual optical (fluorescence, SPR, etc.) and electrical (conductometric, amperometric, potentiometric, etc.) transducing techniques as well as organic chemosensitive semiconductor devices. An assembly of stable sensing structures requires strong binding of conducting polymers to solid supports. These aspects are discussed in the next part. Finally, an application of combinatorial synthesis and high-throughput analysis to the development and optimization of sensing materials is described. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： conducting polymers chemical sensors electroactive polymers gas sensors combinatorial techniques electropolymerization sensor array

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Integration of IR focal plane arrays with massively parallel processor

Integration of IR focal plane arrays with massively parallel...

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34th conference on Infrared Technology and applications

作者： Esfandiari, P. Koskey, P. Vaccaro, K. Buchwald, W. Clark, F. Krejca, B. Rekeczky, C. Zarandy, A. Missile Defense Agency (United States) Air Force Research Lab. (United States) Solid State Scientific (United States) EUTECUS (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)9780819471314

The intent of this investigation is to replace the low fill factor visible sensor of a Cellular Neural Network (CNN) processor with an InGaAs Focal Plane Array (FPA) using both bump bonding and epitaxial layer transfer techniques for use in the Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) interceptor seekers. The goal is to fabricate a massively parallel digital processor with a local as well as a global interconnect architecture. Currently, this unique CNN processor is capable of processing a target scene in excess of 10,000 frames per second with its visible sensor. What makes the CNN processor so unique is that each processing element includes memory, local data storage, local and global communication devices and a visible sensor supported by a programmable analog or digital computer program.

关键词： sensors Indium gallium arsenide Staring arrays Sapphire Xenon Image processing Infrared sensors Diffusion Parallel computing Silicon

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