The CMOS image sensor, which incorporates a silicon photodiode array and a signal processor on a chip, or in a multi-die stack, has become an indispensable part of our daily lives. While its dominance in digital image...
详细信息
In recent years, lossy mode resonance (LMR) biosensors have proven to be promising devices for the analysis of biological entities. In this work, for the first time, the possibility of observing the LMR effect in phot...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9781510648685
ISBN:
(纸本)9781510648685;9781510648678
In recent years, lossy mode resonance (LMR) biosensors have proven to be promising devices for the analysis of biological entities. In this work, for the first time, the possibility of observing the LMR effect in photonic integrated sensor based on SU-8 waveguides for biosensing applications is presented. SU-8 is a polymer that is ideally suited for optical waveguide applications due to its very high optical transparency, chemical stability and simple fabrication process. The LMR effect is achieved by using ZnO and TiOx claddings over the waveguides. The influence of different cladding thicknesses and materials on the LMR effect is demonstrated. Different design waveguides are tested. Potential future applications and development steps of integrated LMR sensor will be discussed.
Major image sensor innovations that are reported in past editions of IEDM are reviewed in the paper. CMOS image sensor technology has been revolutionized over the last couple of decades. Several the improvements have ...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9798350365429
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350365436
Major image sensor innovations that are reported in past editions of IEDM are reviewed in the paper. CMOS image sensor technology has been revolutionized over the last couple of decades. Several the improvements have been initially published at past IEDMs. In this way the conference makes a major and valuable contribution by reporting these innovations, while also stimulating imaging engineers to continue with high-level R&D work to further increase the performance level of solid-state image sensors.
With the rapid growth of mm-wave wireless technologies, phased arrays are essential to meet the stringent link-budget requirements under path losses. However, antenna array inter-element coupling distorts each antenna...
With the rapid growth of mm-wave wireless technologies, phased arrays are essential to meet the stringent link-budget requirements under path losses. However, antenna array inter-element coupling distorts each antenna load from its nominal 50Ω impedance, commonly known as antenna voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), degrading the array radiation pattern and each transmitter-element performance. Moreover, an antenna VSWR depends on the array-element location and the beamforming coefficients, complicating any correction/compensation schemes [1]. With mismatched antenna loads, the desired actual element gain, radiated power, and radiation pattern often deviate significantly from the target values.
A compact and superdirective particle velocity gradient (PVG) sensor based on two MEMS hot-wire acoustic particle velocity sensor (APVS) chips is proposed. The capability of directly measurement of second-order direct...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9780738125626
A compact and superdirective particle velocity gradient (PVG) sensor based on two MEMS hot-wire acoustic particle velocity sensor (APVS) chips is proposed. The capability of directly measurement of second-order directionality of acoustic field makes the PVG sensors are more competitive than currently used acoustic vector sensors or microphone arrays, while the compact design can broaden their working frequency. With the APVS spacing of 3.6mm, the measured directional patterns are all cosine squared shape up to 5 kHz, which demonstrated the feasibility for directly acquirement of second-ordered directionality. The sensor could be monolithic integrated to further shorten the spacing of velocity sensors, and to be more competitive for high-sound-frequency and narrow space directional acoustic sensing applications.
The widespread use of electronics has created a growing demand for high-energy-density Lithium-metal batteries in recent times. This demand has significantly increased as more wearable devices are being designed for a...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350375985;9798350375992
The widespread use of electronics has created a growing demand for high-energy-density Lithium-metal batteries in recent times. This demand has significantly increased as more wearable devices are being designed for applications like soft robotics, health monitoring, and movement tracking, all of which require flexible batteries. The longevity of these batteries relies on their ability to repeatedly bend and flex without damage. One crucial concern is the internal mechanical stress on electrodes caused by lithiation. Dendrite formation during lithium plating not only heightens this stress but also raises safety issues and reduces battery capacity. One solution is to deposit an artificial solid electrolyte interphase on the current collector before lithiation, ensuring a dendrite-free Li layer. This paper introduces novel optical reliability methods using camera and laser to gauge the mechanical stress on flexible electrodes. These methods are simpler and more efficient, allowing for stress measurement using a camera instead of relying on complex systems like the multi-beam optical stress sensor (MOSS). Within a transparent electrochemical cell, we use Cu-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as the working electrode and a Li metal sheet as the reference. The electrolyte comprises a solution of lithium hexafluorophosphate in ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate (1.0 M LiPF6 in EC/DEC=50/50 v/v). Due to its lower Young's modulus, PET is the chosen substrate, making it highly sensitive to stress. The in-situ observation of the bending angle during lithiation under varied charge and discharge cycles provides insights into stress development.
Wearable deep-tissue imaging technologies promise a paradigm shift to preventive, proactive, and accessible health care. Real-time and long-term imaging offers unprecedented insights into one's body conditions, en...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9798331541019
ISBN:
(纸本)9798331541026
Wearable deep-tissue imaging technologies promise a paradigm shift to preventive, proactive, and accessible health care. Real-time and long-term imaging offers unprecedented insights into one's body conditions, enabling constant monitoring of high-risk patients (e.g., cardiovascular [1] and musculoskeletal [2]), tracking fetal development [3], and overseeing recovery after surgeries. These devices also make medical imaging more accessible and affordable in low-income countries. Ultrasound and photoacoustic (PA) imaging modalities are well suited for such applications because of their high resolution for imaging deep tissue and fewer safety concerns. Compared to the well-known ultrasound, emerging PA technology [4], [5] employs optical excitation and ultrasonic readout, governed by PA effects, to achieve higher molecular contrast and sensitivity based on the agents' optical absorption properties while offering similar depth and resolution. Thus, this work targets a compact and low-power PA RX with data compression as a key enabler of the envisioned wireless wearable PA imager. It is worth noting that PA and ultrasound RX share similar sensorarrays and readout circuits, except that the amplitude of received PA signals is roughly ten times smaller than that of ultrasound due to an extra stage of energy transduction and light exposure limits. Thus, we discuss and compare ultrasound and PA RX designs together in this paper.
Accurate and real-time sensing of gas molecule species and concentrations is critical for a myriad of applications, including environmental protection, industry automation, public health monitoring, and bio-/chemical-...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9798331541019
ISBN:
(纸本)9798331541026
Accurate and real-time sensing of gas molecule species and concentrations is critical for a myriad of applications, including environmental protection, industry automation, public health monitoring, and bio-/chemical-security surveillance. For example, gas sensing in large chemical plants is crucial for safety and production efficiency, with ammonia (NH3) being particularly important due to its extensive use [1]. Electronic noses (e-noses) consist of a chemical sensor array with surface recognition modules for capturing specific or multi-species gas molecules followed by electronic signal acquisition and processing [2]. Despite decades of exploration [3]–[5], the development of e-noses is still in its early stages, and existing e-noses continue to face major challenges as: (1) limited selectivity on target molecules (2) poor sensor regeneration due to slow and incomplete gas desorption process, which can result in sensing memory effect, i.e., affecting low-trace gas detection due to prior exposure to high concentrations, (3) a small number of sensing nodes instead of a large array, also lacking in-pixel signal processing and data digitization [6], [7]. To address these issues, we present a monolithically integrated molecular specific metal-organic-frameworks (MOFs) CMOS e-nose sensor array with in-pixel fast capacitance-gas interfacing, readout, and data digitization with local temperature regulation and sensing. For demonstration, NiNi-Pyz MOFs have been employed to achieve NH3 specificity. In particular, the in-pixel temperature regulation can modulate the thermodynamic of NH 3 adsorption and desorption at the sensor interfaces, significantly improving the sensitivity and allowing rapid sensor regeneration.
Time-of-flight (ToF) sensors using light pulses or continuous waves allow accurate distance measurements. Three-dimensional imagers can be based on an array of timing or time-gated integration pixels. Single-photon av...
详细信息
Time-of-flight (ToF) sensors using light pulses or continuous waves allow accurate distance measurements. Three-dimensional imagers can be based on an array of timing or time-gated integration pixels. Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) have been increasingly chosen as the pixel's photodetector device to develop fast, long-range ToF sensors. solid-state ToF cameras are replacing other alternatives, showing attractive characteristics and bringing up new potential applications. This paper presents the technical evolution of SPAD ToF 3D imaging sensors, and provides insight into their development over the last few decades. Starting with the first SPAD imagers reported in the early 2000's, various direct and indirect arrays up to present day state-of-the-art prototypes are referenced. The existing methods, options and possible implementations are described, addressing their advantages and drawbacks, and showing the progress yet to be made. The performance of the different presented approaches are given and compared.
To assist dynamic thermal management in FPGA based prototype system, this paper proposes a run-time temperature monitoring solution utilizing ring oscillators to monitor the temperature on different modules of FPGA pr...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9798350361834
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350361841
To assist dynamic thermal management in FPGA based prototype system, this paper proposes a run-time temperature monitoring solution utilizing ring oscillators to monitor the temperature on different modules of FPGA projects and construct visual thermal maps of the full chips in HOST. To reduce the thermal overhead of the sensors based on ring oscillators, this paper proposes a feedback-driven adaptive duty cycle control technique and provides an indicator to quantify the cooling performance of this technique. Furthermore, the performance of monitoring system in terms of the thermal overhead, resolution and sensitivity of the configurable sensor network is comprehensively analyzed by experiments.
暂无评论