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development of a thin film solar cell interconnect for the PowerSphere concept

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-solid state MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY 2005年第3期116卷 321-325页

作者： Simburger, EJ Matsumoto, JH Giants, TW Garcia, A Liu, S Rawal, SP Perry, AR Marshall, CH Lin, JK Scarborough, SE Curtis, HB Kerslake, TW Peterson, TT Aerosp Corp El Segundo CA 90245 USA Lockheed Martin Corp Denver CO 80125 USA ILC Dover Inc Dover DE 19946 USA NASA Glen Res Ctr Cleveland OH 44135 USA

Progressive development of microsatellite technologies has resulted in increased demand for lightweight electrical power subsystems including solar arrays. The use of thin film photovoltaics has been recognized as a key solution to meet the power needs. The lightweight cells can generate sufficient power and still meet critical mass requirements. Commercially available solar cells produced on lightweight substrates are being studied as an option to fulfill the power needs. The commercially available solar cells are relatively inexpensive and have a high payoff potential. Commercially available thin film solar cells are primarily being produced for terrestrial applications. The need to convert the solar cell from a terrestrial to a space compatible application is the primary challenge. Solar cell contacts, grids and interconnects need to be designed to be atomic oxygen resistant and withstand-rapid thermal cycling. environments. A mechanically robust solar cell interconnect is also required in order to withstand handling during fabrication and survive during launch. The need to produce the solar cell interconnects has been identified as a primary goal of the PowerSphere program and is the topic of this paper. Details of the trade study leading to the final design involving the solar cell wrap around contact, flex blanket, welding process, and frame will be presented at the conference. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： thin film solar cells thin film solar cell interconnects flex circuits multifunctional structures laser welding

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A programmable electrochemical biosensor array in 0.18 /spl mu/m standard CMOS

A programmable electrochemical biosensor array in 0.18 /spl ...

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IEEE International conference on solid-state Circuits (ISSCC)

作者： A. Hassibi T.H. Lee University of Stanford Stanford CA USA

A 10/spl times/5 electrochemical biosensor array is designed and fabricated in standard 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS. Each pixel occupies 160/spl times/120 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and contains a programmable sensor capable of performing differential impedance spectroscopy, amperometric analysis, and field-effect sensing for molecular biology applications.

关键词： Biosensors Electrodes sensor arrays Probes Transducers CMOS process DNA Proteins Costs Fabrication

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Integrated chemical microsensor systems in CMOS-technology

Integrated chemical microsensor systems in CMOS-technology

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International conference on solid state sensors and Actuators (TRANSDUCERS)

作者： A. Hierlemann Physical Electronics Laboratory ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland

The aim in utilizing microfabrication techniques and CMOS technology for chemical sensors is to devise more intelligent, more autonomous, more integrated, and more reliable gas sensor systems at low costs in a generic approach. Since the sensor market is strongly fragmented, i.e., there exists a large variety of applications with different needs and sensor requirements, a modular approach or "toolbox strategy" relying on CMOS as platform technology was identified as a very promising approach. The application then dictates the microsensor system architecture and the nature of its components: As soon as the target analytes and their concentrations as well as the boundary conditions of detection are specified, the optimum transducer, the necessary driving and signal conditioning circuitry, as well as interface and communication units can be selected from the CMOS-toolbox, and the different modules can then be combined to arrive at a custom-designed monolithic CMOS microsensor system. Several examples of monolithically integrated chemical microsensor systems are presented. The evolution from single transducers, which are integrated with the necessary driving and signal conditioning circuitry, to monolithic multi-sensor arrays and fully developed systems with on-chip sensor control and standard interfaces is shown.

关键词： Microsensors CMOS technology Chemical sensors Intelligent sensors sensor arrays Transducers Circuits Chemical technology Gas detectors Costs

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development of a MOEMS sun sensor for space applications

Development of a MOEMS sun sensor for space applications

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International conference on solid state sensors and Actuators (TRANSDUCERS)

作者： T. Bohnke L. Stenmark Ångström Space Technology Centre (ÅSTC) Department of Engineering Sciences University of Uppsala Sweden

The paper presents the development of a miniaturized sun sensor for sun angle detection in space applications. The sun sensor has a field of view (FoV) of greater than 2/spl pi/ sr and a resolution of approximately 1 degree in elevation and azimuth angle; thus, it is a coarse sun sensor with the advantage of having a large field of view. Key elements of this sun sensor are its curved shape, the photosensitive layer consisting of copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), the transparent conductive layer consisting of thin molybdenum or aluminium doped zinc oxide, and its integrated design. The sun sensor will be one of the sensors in the attitude determination and control system (ADCS) of a nano-satellite.

关键词： Sun Satellites Space technology sensor systems Position measurement Control systems Actuators sensor phenomena and characterization Detectors Azimuth

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A Differential Readout Circuit for Tin Oxide Gas sensor Array

A Differential Readout Circuit for Tin Oxide Gas Sensor Arra...

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IEEE conference on Electron Devices and solid-state Circuits

作者： B. Guo A. Bermak Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China

ISBN: (纸本)0780393392

A novel differential readout circuit (DRC) for tin oxide gas sensors is proposed. The DRC consists of a differential readout unit (DRU), a voltage shifter (VS) and an instrumental amplifier. The DRU applies a constant current to drive the sensor and uses a unit-gain single stage amplifier (inverter) to generate the fully differential output, directly from the voltage drop across the sensor. By tuning the biasing current of the voltage shifter, the DRC can compensate for the sensor's baseline and its drift. The output of the DRC is simply proportional to the difference between the sensing signal and the baseline. Simulation results show that the DRC can sense and amplify 0-20MΩ sensor's resistance variation, which is often encountered in gas sensor applications. The output presents a linear dependence with the resistance variation of the sensor over the entire dynamic region. The proposed DRC provides increased signal to noise ratio over conventional single-ended voltage divider readout methods.

关键词： sensor arrays Circuits Tin Gas detectors Voltage Differential amplifiers Instruments Inverters DC generators Signal to noise ratio

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A CMOS-based sensor array system for chemical and biochemical applications

A CMOS-based sensor array system for chemical and biochemica...

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European conference on solid-state Circuits (ESSCIRC)

作者： M. Zimmermann T. Volden K.-U. Kirstein S. Hafizovic J. Lichtenberg A. Hierlemann Physical Electronics Laboratory ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland

A monolithic, integrated sensor system is presented that features microcantilevers as transducer elements for simultaneous detection of multiple (bio)chemical compounds. The cantilevers can be coated with receptors specific to certain analytes (e.g., antibodies for antigens) or with less specific polymer layers to detect a broad range of analytes (such as volatile organic compounds). The analyte absorption or binding changes the surface stress of the cantilevers, which is detected by an integrated Wheatstone bridge. The integrated readout circuitry includes a chopper-stabilized amplifier, which performs a low-noise, low-offset amplification of the /spl mu/V-range sensor signal. Additional low-pass filtering and a programmable offset-compensation stage allow for a high signal-to-noise ratio. A sigma-delta analog-digital converter (/spl Sigma//spl Delta/-ADC) delivers the measured data to the outside world via a digital serial interface. The monolithic integration reduces the sensitivity to external interference and enables autonomous device operation. The integrated sensor array can easily be scaled to higher number of cantilevers.

关键词： sensor arrays Chemical and biological sensors Biosensors sensor systems and applications Chemical sensors Analog-digital conversion sensor systems Transducers Chemical elements Polymer films

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development of a thin film solar cell interconnect for the PowerSphere concept

Development of a thin film solar cell interconnect for the P...

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3rd conference on Thin Films and Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion and Storage

关键词： thin film solar cells thin film solar cell interconnects flex circuits multifunctional structures laser welding

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A thin film strip for aerodynamic body pressure profile monitoring

A thin film strip for aerodynamic body pressure profile moni...

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International conference on solid state sensors and Actuators (TRANSDUCERS)

作者： M. Zagnoni A. Rossetti P. Proli A. Golfarelli S. Callegari A. Talamelli E. Sangiorgi M. Tartagni ARCES University of Bologna Italy DIEM University of Bologna Italy

An array of polyimide-based capacitive pressure sensors, employing thin copper-clad polyimide layers as a sensing membrane, is presented. Transduction is performed by means of a switched capacitor amplifier and a micro-controller. sensors, targeted to fluid dynamic airfoil applications, have been designed with the aid of finite element method (FEM) models for sensor sensitivity and resolution estimation. Wind tunnel experiment results are shown, comparing the sensor with a conventional pressure transducer. The device represents a cheaper and more reliable option to micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) sensors and to conventional electromechanical pressure transducers, being robust, conformable and smart for placement.

关键词： Transistors Strips Aerodynamics Monitoring sensor arrays Electromechanical sensors Intelligent sensors Transducers Capacitive sensors Polyimides

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solid-state photomultiplier in CMOS technology for gamma-ray detection and imaging applications

Solid-state photomultiplier in CMOS technology for gamma-ray...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： C. Stapels W.G. Lawrence J. Christian M.R. Squillante G. Entine F.L. Augustine P. Dokhale M. McClish Radiation Monitoring Devices Inc. Watertown MA USA Augustine Engineering Encinitas CA USA

A CMOS solid-state photomultiplier (SSPM) coupled to a scintillation crystal uses an array of CMOS Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (GPD) pixels to collect light and produce a signal proportional to the energy of the radiation. Each pixel acts as a binary photon detector, but the summed output is an analog representation of the total photon intensity. We have successfully fabricated arrays of GPD pixels in a CMOS environment, which makes possible the production of miniaturized arrays integrated with the detector electronics in a small silicon chip. In this work, we compare designs for the SSPM detector and present preliminary results in constructing a position-sensitive solid-state photomultiplier (PS-SSPM) using a commercially available CMOS process. The prototype arrays utilize a resistor network to provide a position-sensitive readout of the array. One pixel design achieves maximum detection efficiency for 632-nm photons approaching 20% with a room temperature dark count rate of less then 1 kHz for a 30-mum-diameter pixel. Pair-wise cross talk was measured to be less than 2% for 150 mum pixel spacing

关键词： CMOS technology solid state circuits Photomultipliers Gamma ray detection Gamma ray detectors Optical imaging solid scintillation detectors sensor arrays Optical coupling Photonic crystals

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Diffractive-MEMS implementation of a Hadamard near-infrared spectrometer

Diffractive-MEMS implementation of a Hadamard near-infrared ...

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International conference on solid state sensors and Actuators (TRANSDUCERS)

作者： D.R. Day M.A. Butler M.C. Smith A. McAllister E.R. Deutsch K. Zafiriou S.D. Senturia Polychromix Inc. Wilmington MA USA

This paper describes the implementation of an optically efficient near-infrared spectrometer using a diffractive-MEMS chip in combination with digital-transform methods. This spectrometer architecture offers potential advantages over conventional detector-array-based designs because the modulation inherent in the use of digital-transform spectroscopy not only permits the normal signal-to-noise improvements associated with modulation of the light source, but it also creates an inherent insensitivity to stray light. Sample applications, illustrated here for the specific case of the Hadamard digital transform, include material inspection and identification and the monitoring of dynamic processes, such as epoxy-resin cure.

关键词： Spectroscopy Optical diffraction Optical arrays Infrared detectors Optical modulation Infrared spectra Optical sensors Optical filters Diffraction gratings sensor arrays

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