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Continuous terahertz omnidirectional beam steering by dual diffraction of metagratings

Photonics Research 2023年第1期11卷 44-54页

作者： JIE-RONG CHENG YANG YANG SAI CHEN QI-YE WEN YUN-YUN JI FEI FAN SHENG-JIANG CHANG Institute of Modern Optics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology Tianjin 300350China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology Tianjin 300350China

Dynamic beam steering with unlimited angular range and fast speed remains a challenge in the terahertz gap,which is urgently needed for next-generation target tracking,wireless communications,and imaging *** from metasurface phased arrays with element-level phase control,here we steer the beam by globally engineering the diffraction of two cascaded metagratings during in-plane *** from large-angle diffraction and flexible on/off control of the diffraction channels,a pair of metagratings with optimized supercells and proper orientation successfully directs the incoming beam towards any arbitrary direction over the transmission half space,with the steering speed improved more than twice that of the small-angle diffractive ***-beam and dual-beam steering within the solid angle of 1.56πand elevation angle of±77°has been demonstrated with average throughput efficiency of 41.4%at 0.14 THz,which can be generalized to multiple-beam *** dual diffraction engineering scheme offers a clear physical picture for beamforming and greatly simplifies the device structure,with additional merits of large aperture and low power consumption.

关键词： beam directional globally

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Electric fields in ferroelectric polymer metal structures;modeling using a finite element boundary element method

Electric fields in ferroelectric polymer metal structures;mo...

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International conference on Conduction and Breakdown in solid Dielectrics

作者： M.D. Driga A. Wu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas Austin Austin TX USA

Significant advances in ferroelectric polymers used in electromechanical-active transduction-sensor applications, as well as strong interest in special capacitive structures involving ferroelectric metal complex structures, have occurred very recently. The applications, initially oriented toward military use, such as surveillance systems for underwater detection and large area hydrophone arrays, have spread to high-voltage engineering, transducers for robotics, advanced nonlinear capacitors, and other civilian applications. In order to reach the optimum of such devices, higher electric fields must be employed, leading to the need for a very accurate modeling, not only of the steady state distribution of the electric fields, but, much more importantly, the transient behavior of such fields in the presence of the highly nonlinear, ferroelectric, polymer media. A finite element method (FEM) using Galerkin's method, coupled with a boundary element method (BEM) numerical code, are described in this paper as a device for a precise modeling in space and time. The formulation presented for nonlinear, nonhomogeneous media can be extended readily to accommodate material anisotropy by specifying /spl par//spl epsi//spl par/ as a tensor. Several practical examples and applications are presented.

关键词： Ferroelectric materials Polymers Surveillance Underwater tracking Sonar equipment Transducers Robots Capacitors Steady-state Finite element methods

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MSN: Battery-Less Multiple Subcarrier Multiple Access sensor Node with Full-Duplex Backscatter Concurrent Data Streaming

MSN: Battery-Less Multiple Subcarrier Multiple Access Sensor...

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IEEE Asian conference on solid-state Circuits (ASSCC)

作者： Yuxiao Zhao Hanyang Wang Yongming Xu Zhongyuan Ying Yu Lu Jinlin Liu Tuo Hu Jin Mitsugi Hao Min Fudan University Shanghai China Quanray Electronics Shanghai China Keio University Fujisawa Japan

To scale to trillions of Internet-of-Things (loT) nodes, devices must be battery-less by achieving energy autonomy, having a µW power floor, few off-chip components, and a small form factor. These features are beneficial for short-range high-density loT applications such as structural health monitoring (SHM) for wings and gears, human motion capture (HMC), and air conditioning system monitoring. This work focuses on the synchronous transmission of sensor data streams, called concurrent data streaming, from multiple sensor nodes for multi-points sensing. Traditional wireless communication protocols need construct wireless networks for time synchronization, increasing system complexity [1]. However, the recent development of Multiple Subcarrier Multiple Access (MSMA), enables concurrent backscatter communication by assigning multiple uplink subcarrier (USC) channels to sensor nodes [2]–[4]. To expand the deployment in the mentioned loT applications, MSMA should be compatible with existing communication protocols and achieve real-time control of starting and stopping of concurrent data streaming without wasting extra sensing system energy. To avoid channel interference among multiple nodes and catastrophic failure of concurrent data transmission, the USC frequency must always keep stable from the influence of PVT.

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Ti-Ni SMA Film-Actuated 2-D Multi-Probe Array for Scanning Probe Nano-Lithography on a Wide Area

Ti-Ni SMA Film-Actuated 2-D Multi-Probe Array for Scanning P...

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International conference on solid state sensors and Actuators (TRANSDUCERS)

作者： Y. Okamura T. Namazu D. Kamoyama N. Urushihara T. Sasaki T. Nagamura Y. Isono Department of Mechanical and System Engineering University of Hyogo Hyogo Japan Department of Micro System Technology Ritsumeikan University Shiga Japan Project Development Department Unisoku Company Limited Osaka Japan Unisoku Company Limited Osaka Japan

This paper describes design and fabrication of a Ti-Ni shape-memory alloy (SMA) film-actuated single crystal silicon (SCS) multi-probe device utilized for scanning probe nano-lithography (SPNL). This research focuses on the development of the device that can realize fabrication of a nanoscale mask pattern on a few millimeters square area. The designed device consists of Ti-Ni SMA film-actuated 8 times 8 writing-probes with an Au film-coated tip, and 2 times 2 tilt-adjustment probes with a piezo-resistive sensor. The SMA actuation mechanism yields a contact or non-contact state between a probe-tip and a sample surface, which indicates that SPNL turns on or off . The tilt-adjustment system can make a spacing between the device and a wafer constant. We have succeeded in fabricating the SPNL multi-probe array device, which has the potential for realization of accurate mask patterning on a few millimeters square area.

关键词： Probes Fabrication Nanoscale devices Shape memory alloys Nanoelectromechanical systems Millimeter wave devices sensor arrays Silicon Micromechanical devices Lithography

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Integrated Device for Controllable Droplet Generation and Detection on Open Array Chip 16th

Integrated Device for Controllable Droplet Generation and De...

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16th International conference on Intelligent Robotics and applications, ICIRA 2023

作者： Zhou, Zijian Wang, Jie Li, Yuxin Zhou, Jia Du, Lin School of Mechanical Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200433 China School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200433 China State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System School of Microelectronics Fudan University Shanghai200433 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819965007

The open array chip is an incredibly valuable tool for analyzing single molecule levels. Its efficiency, speed, compatibility, and precision make it an essential part of this process. However, efficient sample addition has become a significant challenge in the development of open array chips due to the coupling of the solid-liquid interface and the need for high-precision control. To address this challenge, we have developed an integrated adding sample device using technology of generates and detects controllable droplets array based on an open array chip with a biomimetic structure. This device combines a microfluidic chip, image detection, and smear speed regulation. We have studied the factors that affect the efficiency of sample loading, such as the number, speed and fluctuation of smears, and microwell size. The experiments have shown that the open array chip with the microwell’s diameter of 350 µm can generate arrays of ~470/cm2 ~8 nL droplets, significantly reducing controlled speed fluctuation errors by7.24% and volume fluctuation errors by 24% compared to traditional manual ways. The device has also displayed excellent performance on chips with microwell diameters of 120, 350, 700, and 1300 µm, respectively, with a notable first-time success rate of up to 91% on chips with microwell diameters of 120 µm. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.

关键词： Microfluidic chips

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24.1 A 24-to-30GHz Watt-Level Broadband Linear Doherty Power Amplifier with Multi-Primary Distributed-Active-Transformer Power-Combining Supporting 5G NR FR2 64-QAM with >19dBm Average Pout and >19% Average PAE

24.1 A 24-to-30GHz Watt-Level Broadband Linear Doherty Power...

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IEEE International conference on solid-state Circuits (ISSCC)

作者： Fei Wang Hua Wang Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA

ISBN: (数字)9781728132051

ISBN: (纸本)9781728132068

The continuous worldwide demand for multi-Gb/s data-rate has driven the rapid development and standardization of 5G New Radio (NR) specifications in the mmwave bands [1]-[3]. As a result, there is a surge of interest in high-performance yet compact mm-wave 5G front-end chipsets to enable large-aperture phased arrays. In User Equipment (UE) devices, the limited form factor restricts the number of antenna array elements, e.g., 2×2, which dramatically increases the output power (Pout) requirement per element [1], [4]. For base stations, although some applications require only moderate element Pout and high antenna gain, high Pout capabilities allow array-divisions/sub-arrays for concurrent multi-stream mmwave links.

关键词： 5G mobile communication Modulation Broadband communication Silicon Impedance Peak to average power ratio Antenna arrays

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A Multi-Standard Analog and Digital TV Tuner for Cable and Terrestrial applications

A Multi-Standard Analog and Digital TV Tuner for Cable and T...

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IEEE International conference on solid-state Circuits (ISSCC)

作者： Jan-Michael Stevenson Phil Hisayasu Armin Deiss Buddhika Abesingha Kim Beumer Jose Esquivel Microtune Plano TX USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424408520

A TV tuner fully compliant with ATSC, NTSC, PAL, SECAM, OVB-T, ISDB-T and DMB-T/H standards is described. An array of power detectors and fine-step-size digital gain controls are used to achieve an optimum signal-path gain. The tuner achieves an input sensitivity of better than -84dBm for ATSC digital off-air signals. Implemented in a 0.35mum SiGe BiCMOS process, it occupies 7.3mm 2 and consumes 1.5W from a split 5V/3.3V supply

关键词： Digital TV Tuners Cable TV Digital multimedia broadcasting Data communication Communication standards Multiplexing sensor arrays Detectors Gain control

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Nanoscale manipulation and control of tin oxide nanostructures on large area arrays of microhotplates

Nanoscale manipulation and control of tin oxide nanostructur...

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International conference on solid state sensors and Actuators (TRANSDUCERS)

作者： B. Panchapakesan R. Cavicchi S. Semancik D.L. DeVoe Delaware MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory University of Delaware Newark DE USA Chemical Science and Technology laboratory National Institute for Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD USA Maryland MEMS Laboratory (MML) University of Maryland College Park MD USA

This paper describes 36-element arrays of surface micromachined microhotplates as thermal platforms for manipulating and controlling the morphology of tin oxide (SnO/sub 2/) nanostructures for chemical sensing applications. A new technique of using metal nanoparticles as seed layers for the nucleation, growth and control of SnO/sub 2/ nanostructures on microhotplate arrays is described. 16 /spl Aring/ of metals such as nickel, cobalt, iron, copper and silver were selectively evaporated on each column of the microhotplate array. Following evaporation, the microhotplates were heated to 500/spl deg/C and SnO/sub 2/ was deposited on top of the microhotplates using a self-aligned CVD process. SEM characterization revealed control of SnO/sub 2/ nanostructures in the range of 20 nm to 121 nm. Gas sensing in seven different hydrocarbons revealed that metal nanoparticles that helped in faster nucleation of SnO/sub 2/ resulted in smaller grain size and higher sensitivity. Temperature programmed sensing (TPS) on the devices yielded shape differences in the response between air and methanol illustrating selectivity. Spider web plots were used to monitor materials programmed selectivity (MPS). The shape differences between different gases in spider web plots illustrate materials selectivity as a powerful approach for monitoring selectivity in various gases. Continuous monitoring in alcoholic gases yielded stable sensor response for more than 200 hours. This comprehensive study illustrates the use of nanoparticle seeding approach for sensitive, selective and stable gas sensing applications.

关键词： Tin Nanostructures Nanoparticles Monitoring Gases Shape Surface morphology Chemical vapor deposition Nickel Cobalt

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state-of-the-art MCT IR-modules with enhanced long term and cycle stability

State-of-the-art MCT IR-modules with enhanced long term and ...

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conference on Infrared Technology and applications XXXVIII

作者： Breiter, R. Wendler, J. Lutz, H. Rutzinger, S. Schallenberg, T. Ziegler, J. Ruehlich, I. AIM INFRAROT MODULE GmbH Theresienstr 2 D-74072 Heilbronn Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819490315

Current trends on the enhancement of MCT FPA IR-modules are reduction of size, weight and power (SWaP), increase of resolution with large detector arrays, provision of staring LWIR or dual-band capability. This is achieved by reduction of pixel size, higher operating temperatures (HOT) or complex pixel structures together with the optimization of dewars, adapted cooling engines and proximity electronics. To meet these demands AIM is working on MCT single-band MWIR or LWIR modules with formats 640x512 or 1280x1024 in 15 mu m pitch and a dual-band MWIR/LWIR module 640x512 in 20 mu m pitch. As a first step high operating temperatures for MWIR 120K and LWIR 80K were demonstrated, development for MWIR >= 150K and LWIR >= 90K is ongoing. The modules are realized as integrated detector cooler assemblies (IDCA) with proximity electronics. The 640x512/15 mu m pitch modules are already available in application specific configurations e. g. having integral rotary or split linear cooling engines. Besides implementation of the above mentioned capabilities also improvement in long term and cycle stability of IR-modules has been achieved which is important to fully benefit from increased mission times and longer maintenance periods by HOT. Especially staring MCT LWIR modules so far required sophisticated non-uniformity correction (NUC) processing to provide acceptable long term image quality while former scanning systems usually used implemented temperature references for NUC update. For a thermal imager setup with the LWIR 640x512/15 mu m module two-point correction with factory calibrated gain coefficients together with a new offset calibration after every cool down cycle is used. The paper will present the results of AIM's current staring single-band MCT IR-modules in MWIR or LWIR configuration especially regarding to their long term and cycle stability.

关键词： MCT IR sensor MWIR LWIR high operating temperature NUC long term stability

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HOT MWIR TECHNOLOGY AT SCD 48

HOT MWIR TECHNOLOGY AT SCD

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conference on Infrared Technology and applications XLVIII Part of SPIE Defense and Commercial Sensing conference

作者： Klipstein, P. C. Armon, E. Avnon, E. Benny, Y. Brumer, M. Cohen, Y. Fraenkel, N. Gliksman, S. Glozman, A. Hathri, N. Hirsh, I Katz, M. Klin, O. Langof, L. Lukomsky, I Marderfeld, I Nahor, H. Nitzani, M. Rakhmilevich, D. Schusterman, S. Shafir, I Shtrichman, I Shkedy, L. Sicron, N. Snapi, N. Yaron, N. SemiCond Devices POB 2250 IL-31021 Haifa Israel Israel Ctr Adv Photon IL-81800 Yavne Israel Soreq NRC Appl Phys Div Solid State Phys Dept IL-81800 Yavne Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781510650916;9781510650909

SCD is a leading manufacturer of MWIR InSb Focal Plane arrays (FPA) with formats up to 3 megapixels. Using photodiode layers grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE), the operating temperature is raised to similar to 100 K, compared with 80 K for our legacy implanted junction technology. Due to the excellent manufacturability of III-V MBE materials, we have extended this approach in the development of our newer High Operating Temperature (HOT) MWIR technologies, all of which are based on XBn and XBp barrier devices which suppress the dark current generated by traps in the depletion layer. As a result we now produce a family of InAsSb XBn FPAs operating at 150 K with a cut-off wavelength of lambda(C) = 4.2 mu m Formats range between 0.33 megapixels and 5.24 megapixels and our latest "Crane" FPA has a pitch of just 5 mu m. These detectors are ideal for 24/7 surveillance and long-range applications, due to large formats, increased HOT cooler reliability and very high atmospheric transmission. For applications requiring HOT full MWIR (HFMW) performance (lambda(C) = similar to 4.9 mu m), we have explored three approaches, all of which have produced operating temperatures in the range 115- 125 K with high FPA operability and uniformity. Using a suitable design of buffer layer, we have extended the InAsSb XBn cut-off wavelength while maintaining a high quantum efficiency above 70%. Comparable performance has also been obtained in two lattice matched type II superlattice (T2SL) architectures: XBn InAs/InAsSb and XBp InAs/GaSb. The three technologies give great flexibility in design optimization, and initial production of HFMW detectors is scheduled for mid 2022.

关键词： XBn XBp MWIR type II superlattice photodetector

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