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conference on Digital solid state Cameras - Designs and applications

作者： Sobotka, M Prochazka, I Hamal, K Blazej, J Charles Univ Fac Math & Phys Dept Elect & Vacuum Phys CR-18000 Prague 8 Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)081942742X

The paper presents the achievements in research and development of the compact optical CCD based guiding system. The ultimate goal of the project is a modest size, low mass and rugged system to be applied for subarcsecond optical Ground-Space guiding and tracking. The system includes the optics, the CCD sensor with the readout and an image-processing algorithm. The optics consists of a diffraction limited objective, four-element lens system with the effective input aperture 90 millimeters. The objective focal length 300 mm is extended by the additional relay optics. The resulting effective focal length is 3000 millimeters, the focal spot size is 65 micrometers Airy disc diameter. The combination of the diffraction limited objective design, focal extender and mechanical construction permitted to keep the overall length bellow 600 millimeters and the total mass bellow 5 kilograms while maintaining high ruggedness at one are-second level. A sensor, the Texas Instrument CCD chip 192x164 pixels, 15 micrometers size is used. The custom designed readout and data processing hardware has been developed. Parallel communication maintains image download time 0.6 second with 12 bits amplitude resolution. The data acquisition and image processing software package running under MS Windows 95 or NT provide all functions for the camera control, data acquisition and image processing for precise target position evaluation. The position is evaluated as the centre of mass of square neighbourhood of the brightest CCD pixel. Indoor test of the ultimate position resolution using different diffraction limited images and sizes are described. The image position resolution +/- 0.03 pixel has been achieved. It corresponds to 0.03 are seconds of angular resolution of the entire guiding sensor.

关键词： optical guiding remote tracking control CCD

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High average power industrial laser for precision machining

High average power industrial laser for precision machining

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conference on High-Power Laser Ablation

作者： Burchman, D Hoffmaster, D Machan, J Rust, T Marabella, L Zamel, J TRW Space & Technol Grp Redondo Beach CA 90504 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081942790X

High brightness, high average power, diode pumped Nd:YAG solid state lasers (DPSSL) are being developed by TRW as part of the Precision Laser Machining Technology Reinvestment Program. The use of diode pump arrays in place of flashlamps, and zig-zag slab geometry, allow lasers to be scaled to power beyond the current generation of lamp-pumped rod lasers while providing excellent beam quality. The efficiency is 3 - 4 times better using diode arrays in place of flashlamps resulting in less waste heat in the laser medium and reduced optical aberrations. The corresponding beam quality provides more than an order of magnitude increase in the average intensity available at the workpiece, thus enabling new machining capabilities.

关键词： Laser drilling Diodes Semiconductor lasers Laser cutting Nd:YAG lasers Prototyping Composites Diffraction Laser applications Laser development

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Soft X-ray response of a 36 pixel superconducting tunnel junction array for high-resolution X-ray astronomy.

Soft X-ray response of a 36 pixel superconducting tunnel jun...

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conference on EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Instrumentation for Astronomy IX

作者： Rando, N Verhoeve, P Kraft, S den Hartog, R Peacock, A Goldie, DJ Hart, R European Space Agcy Dept Space Sci Div Astrophys NL-2200 AG Noordwijk Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)0819429007

The development of superconducting tunnel junction detector arrays has now reached a stage where practical applications in X-ray astrophysics can be considered. The arrays are based on tantalum devices, with operating temperatures of about 0.4 K. The energy resolution of these detectors is limited by Fano and tunnel noise to about 3 eV at 1 keV. The first results from a 6x6, tantalum based array are presented. These medium sized arrays have good energy resolution (2.5 and 6.8 eV at 270 and 1000 eV respectively) and adequate absorption efficiency (of order 80% and 30% at 500 and 1000 eV respectively). The possibility to operate and read out simultaneously more than one channel has been demonstrated. The uniformity of the array elements both in charge output and energy resolution is good, with the overall responsivity across the array varying by less than 5%. The energy resolution at X-ray energies is dominated by spatial non-uniformities in the individual pixel response. Such a performance allows us now to consider the development of a X-ray cryogenic camera based on STJ detectors. Provided the field coverage of these cameras can be extended through the development of larger format detector arrays, they have the potential to form a major basis for astrophysics instrumentation in the next century.

关键词： electro-optical instrumentation X-ray astronomy photon-counting detectors solid state detectors focal plane array detectors superconducting tunnel junctions cryogenic equipment

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On the development of a superconducting tunnel junction camera for ground-based optical astronomy.

On the development of a superconducting tunnel junction came...

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conference on Cryogenic Optical Systems and Instruments VIII

作者： Rando, N Peacock, A Andersson, S Collaudin, B Gondoin, P Verveer, J Verhoeve, P Goldie, DJ Hart, R European Space Agcy Dept Space Sci Div Astrophys NL-2200 AG Noordwijk Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)0819428906

The development of an optical camera based on superconducting tunnel junctions has now reached a stage where practical applications in optical or UV astronomy can be considered. A prototype cryogenic camera (named S-Cam) has been developed, based on a high quantum efficiency 6x6 detector array of tantalum Josephson junctions, and operating at a temperature of about 0.4 K. This paper describes the general characteristics of the camera, sensitive in the waveband from 350 to 700 nm and designed to be installed in 1998 at the Nasmyth focus of the William Herschel Telescope in La Palma, Spain. In addition to the performance of the overall system, the preliminary detector unit test results will also be presented. The present S-Cam system performance is discussed in view of future versions of the camera. Provided the field coverage of these cameras can be extended through the development of larger format detector arrays and adequate read-out electronics, they have the potential to provide a significant additional tool for optical and UV astronomy in the next century.

关键词： electro-optical instrumentation ground-based astronomy photon-counting detectors solid state detectors focal plane array detectors superconducting tunnel junctions cryogenic equipment

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A low-power and high-performance CMOS fingerprint sensing and encoding architecture

A low-power and high-performance CMOS fingerprint sensing an...

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European conference on solid-state Circuits (ESSCIRC)

作者： S. Jung R. Thewes T. Scheiter K. Goser W. Weber Corporate Technology ZT ME 2 Siemens AG Medical Solutions Munich Germany Department of Microelectronics University of Dortmund Germany Semiconductor Group Siemens AG Medical Solutions Germany

A capacitive fingerprint sensor array with pixel-parallel cellular logic in CMOS is presented. The system acquires a binary fingerprint image and performs several image processing algorithms, including thinning the ridges of the fingerprint structure and extracting its characteristic features. The massive parallelism of the architecture leads to a very low power dissipation. Results of both simulations and measurements on a demonstrator chip are shown. The approach is well suited for person identification applications, especially in small portable systems, such as smart cards.

关键词： Fingerprint recognition Encoding sensor arrays CMOS image sensors Logic arrays Image coding Capacitive sensors sensor phenomena and characterization CMOS logic circuits Image matching

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MEMS developments in Tsinghua University

MEMS developments in Tsinghua University

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International conference on solid-state and Integrated Circuit Technology

作者： Liu Litian Li Zhijian Tsinghua University Beijing China

This article introduces MEMS development in the Institute of Microelectronic at Tsinghua University. Several MEMS devices: smart sensors, micromotors, micropump and microphone are described.

关键词： Micromechanical devices sensor arrays Magnetic sensors Silicon Tactile sensors Integrated circuit technology sensor phenomena and characterization Intelligent sensors Microphones CMOS technology

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Light emitting diode arrays for consumer and medical applications

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Materials science & engineering. B, solid-state materials for advanced technology 1998年第1-3期B51卷 90-93页

作者： Rys, Andrew Piotrowski, Tadeusz Sobczynski, Radoslaw Kansas State Univ Manhattan United States

development of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and arrays of diodes to be utilized in a modern and highly sensitive spectrophotometer is presented. The In1-xGaxAs1-yPy quaternary alloy semiconductor has been utilized in the design and fabrication of surface emitting infrared LEDs in the spectral range from 1100 to 1650 nm. Custom made chips provide the surface-emitting LEDs with high radiance and superior far-field patterns. The hybrid 31-element array of LEDs was fabricated. A temperature sensor and a photodiode was incorporated on the hybrid circuit to control the temperature and light intensity of the diodes. The instrument prototype has been fabricated and preliminary experimental data have been collected.

关键词： Light emitting diodes

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"A low power, low noise, mixed signal switched CMOS charge sensitive readout chain"

"A low power, low noise, mixed signal switched CMOS charge s...

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European conference on solid-state Circuits (ESSCIRC)

作者： C. Kapnistis K. Misiakos N. Haralabidis Institute of Microelectronics N.C.S.R. Demokritos Athens Greece

A CMOS charge sensitive readout chain for pixel applications, has been designed and fabricated in 0.8 µm technology. The system is capable of simultaneous position sensing and energy measurement. Each pixel circuitry incorporates both analog and digital features to perform the dual tasks. The overall gain of the chain is 340 mV/fC. With an ENC of 61 e and a power consumption of 1.8 mW per pixel at 3.3V it is a promising solution for pixel X-ray detectors. The paper describes the system architecture and reports experimental measurements.

关键词： Detectors Switches Microelectronics Spectroscopy Energy measurement Energy consumption sensor arrays Integrated circuit noise Silicon Operational amplifiers

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Pollution dynamic monitoring system for city air quality control

Pollution dynamic monitoring system for city air quality con...

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IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology conference

作者： A. Boscolo C. Mangiavacchi DEEI Trieste University Trieste Italy DEEI Trieste University Italy

The paper describes the development activity of a mobile instrumentation devoted to city air quality monitoring. In particular the methods adopted for collecting and analysing the air samples, the preliminary processing of the raw data coming from a solid state sensors array and the developed dynamic on field calibration procedure are discussed and the preliminary results obtained also are reported.

关键词： Air pollution Monitoring Cities and towns Quality control sensor arrays Instruments Vehicle dynamics solid state circuits Chemical sensors Gas detectors

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An active charge-cancellation system for switched-capacitor sensor interface circuits

An active charge-cancellation system for switched-capacitor ...

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IEEE International conference on solid-state Circuits (ISSCC)

作者： B. Schiffer A. Burstein W. Kaiser University of California Los Angeles CA USA

Interface circuits determine the performance of microsensors in growing automotive, medical, and process control applications. Currently available interface systems implement a capacitive measurement bridge in bipolar technology. Continued expansion of MEMS applications requires development of enhanced resolution interfaces in low-cost digital CMOS technology with switched capacitor (SC) methods. The active charge cancellation system (ACCS), an interface circuit architecture implemented in submicron CMOS, uses a feedback to directly sense and cancel the charge injected by MOSFET switch at the amplifier input. Unlike conventional methods that rely on component matching for charge injection compensation, the ACCS employs feedback compensation to provide more than two orders of magnitude reduction in charge injection error without requirement on component matching.

关键词： sensor systems CMOS technology Switches Microsensors Automotive engineering Process control Current measurement Bridge circuits Micromechanical devices Capacitors

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