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SwissSPAD2/3: a family of natively digital, time gated SPAD cameras with continuous streaming at up to 100 kpfs and picosecond system-level synchronization for quantum imaging applications 2

SwissSPAD2/3: a family of natively digital, time gated SPAD ...

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Quantum Sensing, Imaging, and Precision Metrology ii 2024

作者： Mos, Paul Wayne, Michel A. Ardelean, Andrei Ulku, Arin C. Charbon, Edoardo Bruschini, Claudio Rue de la Maladière 71b NeuchâtelCH-2002 Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781510670846

The SwissSPAD2/3 camera family is based on quarter megapixel single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) time gated imagers. The 16.38-µm low-noise pixels feature a single-bit memory and built-in all-solid-state nanosecond time gating without the need for external image intensifiers. Microlenses have also been made available to increase the overall system sensitivity, including for high NA applications. SwissSPAD2/3 are coupled to FPGA platforms enabling a virtually noiseless streaming at up to 100 kpfs. A 1-bit accumulation of frames to reconfigurable number of bits was programmed on the FPGA for applications such as fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). In other applications, a burst-mode read-out of 130,000 binary frames to a DDD3 memory of one sensor half was programmed on one FPGA for applications requiring full bitplanes. These initial configurations were extended to dual-FPGA systems capable of streaming data at near 100 kfps in continuous mode for long acquisition times. In such configuration one FPGA streams data from one sensor half to the other FPGA, which then sends the combined data stream to a host PC over PCIe at up to 3 GB/s. The eight PCIe lanes require careful design with differential routing and controlled impedance and the whole development presented significant hardware and firmware challenges. We also achieved full synchronization of two SwissSPAD2 camera systems over PCIe and characterized the pixel-to-pixel exposure timing alignment error to better than 150 ps with a time gate of 10 ns. The resulting platforms are unique enablers for quantum imaging applications, such as plenoptic maging, quantum LIDAR or quanta burst photography. © 2024 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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ARCADIA MAPS process qualification through the electrical characterization of passive pixel arrays

ARCADIA MAPS process qualification through the electrical ch...

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244th Electrochemical Society Meeting (ECS)

作者： Corradino, T. Betta, G. F. Dalla Neubuser, C. Pancheri, L. Univ Trento Dept Ind Engn Via Sommar 9 Trento Italy TIFPA INFN Via Sommar 14 Trento Italy

The development of novel Monolithic Active Pixel sensor (MAPS) technologies has been pursued by several collaborations in the last two decades. The ARCADIA project aims to design fully depleted MAPS for medical, space, HEP and X-ray detection applications, that can be produced with a commercial 110 nm CMOS production process. Among the test structures of the first two engineering runs of the project, passive pixel arrays with different pitches and layouts were included. The main characteristics of the produced devices in terms of dark current, depletion voltage, punch through current and pixel capacitance have been evaluated from IV and CV characteristics of the pixel arrays. Groups of four samples have been extracted from as many different positions within each wafer and electrically characterized to obtain information on the variability in the pixel operating voltage range and in the pixel dark current, reflecting variations related to the employed production process. The experimental data demonstrated a good uniformity in the considered parameters for different sample positions within the produced wafers, as well as for samples extracted from different wafers with the same substrate type.

关键词： Detector design and construction technologies and materials solid state detec-tors Detector modelling and simulations ii (electric fields charge transport multiplication and induction pulse formation electron emission etc )

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High-Capacity and High-Density FBG Array Sensing Demodulation System Based on High-Speed Wavelength-Swept REC-DFB Laser Array 4

High-Capacity and High-Density FBG Array Sensing Demodulatio...

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4th International Computational Imaging conference, CITA 2024

作者： Yang, Shijie Dai, Pan Ban, Qilu Wang, Yu Wang, Jiacheng Xu, Kaichuan Fan, Yaqiang Dong, Junwei He, Zilong Zhang, Yixin Wang, Feng Chen, Xiangfei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation The Ministry of Education & Engineering Research Center of Precision Photonics Integration and System Application The Ministry of Education National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Institute of Optical Communication Engineering Nanjing University Tongding Joint Lab for large-scale photonic integrated circuits Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210093 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688834

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology, with the advantages of precise real-time monitoring and strong anti-interference capabilities, has been widely applied in various fields, including aerospace, petrochemical, and power transmission. This study presents an FBG sensing demodulation system applicable to high-capacity, high-density fiber sensing through quasi-distributed networking using multipoint FBG sensor arrays, capable of dense monitoring through multi-channel parallel operation and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The FBG sensing demodulation system primarily consists of a wavelength-swept semiconductor laser source and its parallel driving control module, a multiplexed FBG sensor array section, and a signal acquisition and demodulation module. The laser source is a distributed feedback (DFB) laser array, integrating 20 individual laser units at high density, based on the reconstruction-equivalent-chirp (REC) technique. A continuous coverage of wavelength tuning range, exceeding 40 nm in the C-band range, is achieved, with a maximum sweeping speed of 2.5 kHz and a tuning speed of 100,000 nm/s. The FBG sensor array section can deploy multiple non-identical WDM fiber grating arrays. The system can operate at high sweeping speeds of 1 kHz and 2.5 kHz, yielding great sensing results in temperature experiments, strain experiment and vibration experiment. The proposed FBG sensing system meets the application demands for high-capacity and dense quasi-distributed fiber sensing, exhibiting significant advantages in sensor load capacity, measurement precision, and especially measurement speed, with promising future applications. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Fiber Bragg gratings

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35.2 A Spatial-Domain Compressive-Sensing Photoacoustic Imager with Matrix-Multiplying SAR ADC

35.2 A Spatial-Domain Compressive-Sensing Photoacoustic Imag...

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IEEE International conference on solid-state Circuits (ISSCC)

作者： Huan-Cheng Liao Shunyao Zhang Yumin Su Arvind Govinday Yiwei Zou Wei Wang Vivek Boominathan Ashok Veeraraghavan Lei Li Kaiyuan Yang Rice University Houston TX

ISBN: (数字)9798331541019

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541026

Wearable deep-tissue imaging technologies promise a paradigm shift to preventive, proactive, and accessible health care. Real-time and long-term imaging offers unprecedented insights into one's body conditions, enabling constant monitoring of high-risk patients (e.g., cardiovascular [1] and musculoskeletal [2]), tracking fetal development [3], and overseeing recovery after surgeries. These devices also make medical imaging more accessible and affordable in low-income countries. Ultrasound and photoacoustic (PA) imaging modalities are well suited for such applications because of their high resolution for imaging deep tissue and fewer safety concerns. Compared to the well-known ultrasound, emerging PA technology [4], [5] employs optical excitation and ultrasonic readout, governed by PA effects, to achieve higher molecular contrast and sensitivity based on the agents' optical absorption properties while offering similar depth and resolution. Thus, this work targets a compact and low-power PA RX with data compression as a key enabler of the envisioned wireless wearable PA imager. It is worth noting that PA and ultrasound RX share similar sensor arrays and readout circuits, except that the amplitude of received PA signals is roughly ten times smaller than that of ultrasound due to an extra stage of energy transduction and light exposure limits. Thus, we discuss and compare ultrasound and PA RX designs together in this paper.

关键词： Wireless communication Wireless sensor networks Ultrasonic imaging Image resolution Biomedical optical imaging Surgery Optical imaging solid state circuits Optical sensors Biomedical monitoring

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20.4 MEMS-Free 4096-Pixel CMOS E-Nose Gas-sensor Array with Molecular-Selective Metal-Organic-Framework Sensing and In-Pixel Thermodynamic Modulation for Fast sensor Regeneration

20.4 MEMS-Free 4096-Pixel CMOS E-Nose Gas-Sensor Array with ...

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IEEE International conference on solid-state Circuits (ISSCC)

作者： Marco Saif Fuze Jiang Shao–Wei Lo Adam Wang Zhikai Huang Jiachen Wang Hangxing Liu Chih–Jen Shih Thomas Burger Hua Wang ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland

ISBN: (数字)9798331541019

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541026

Accurate and real-time sensing of gas molecule species and concentrations is critical for a myriad of applications, including environmental protection, industry automation, public health monitoring, and bio-/chemical-security surveillance. For example, gas sensing in large chemical plants is crucial for safety and production efficiency, with ammonia (NH3) being particularly important due to its extensive use [1]. Electronic noses (e-noses) consist of a chemical sensor array with surface recognition modules for capturing specific or multi-species gas molecules followed by electronic signal acquisition and processing [2]. Despite decades of exploration [3]–[5], the development of e-noses is still in its early stages, and existing e-noses continue to face major challenges as: (1) limited selectivity on target molecules (2) poor sensor regeneration due to slow and incomplete gas desorption process, which can result in sensing memory effect, i.e., affecting low-trace gas detection due to prior exposure to high concentrations, (3) a small number of sensing nodes instead of a large array, also lacking in-pixel signal processing and data digitization [6], [7]. To address these issues, we present a monolithically integrated molecular specific metal-organic-frameworks (MOFs) CMOS e-nose sensor array with in-pixel fast capacitance-gas interfacing, readout, and data digitization with local temperature regulation and sensing. For demonstration, NiNi-Pyz MOFs have been employed to achieve NH3 specificity. In particular, the in-pixel temperature regulation can modulate the thermodynamic of NH 3 adsorption and desorption at the sensor interfaces, significantly improving the sensitivity and allowing rapid sensor regeneration.

关键词： Temperature sensors Thermodynamics Temperature distribution Array signal processing Surveillance Electronic noses Regulation sensors Surface treatment sensor arrays

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A Heterogeneous Integration System of Analog in-Memory Computing and Field-Programmable Gate Array

A Heterogeneous Integration System of Analog in-Memory Compu...

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International conference on solid-state and Integrated Circuit Technology

作者： Hua Chen Yiming Qu Wenhao Wu Yi Zhao School of Integrated Circuits East China Normal University Shanghai China China Nanhu Academy of Electronics and Information Technology Jiaxing China College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

ISBN: (数字)9798350361834

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361841

With the development of deep learning models, deploying neural networks to resource-limited edge devices has become a trend. However, the high computation requirements and energy consumption of neural network models have limited their development. Analog In-Memory Computing (AIMC) features high energy efficiency, providing new opportunities for the edge deployment of neural networks. The system needs to support different types of neural network models in practical applications, and the system-level application is still immature. This paper proposes a heterogeneous system integrating analog in-memory computing and Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The system reserves multiple sensor interfaces for access and preprocessing peripherals, including digital NN accelerators and AIMC, which can effectively execute various layers in neural network models, achieving complete end-to-end neural network inference. Depending on the size and number of FC layers, the system has varying degrees of improvement in inference time and RAM occupation.

关键词： Integrated circuit technology Energy consumption Computational modeling Random access memory Multichip modules Artificial neural networks In-memory computing Market research Energy efficiency Field programmable gate arrays

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HOT MWIR TECHNOLOGY AT SCD 48

HOT MWIR TECHNOLOGY AT SCD

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conference on Infrared Technology and applications XLViiI Part of SPIE Defense and Commercial Sensing conference

作者： Klipstein, P. C. Armon, E. Avnon, E. Benny, Y. Brumer, M. Cohen, Y. Fraenkel, N. Gliksman, S. Glozman, A. Hathri, N. Hirsh, I Katz, M. Klin, O. Langof, L. Lukomsky, I Marderfeld, I Nahor, H. Nitzani, M. Rakhmilevich, D. Schusterman, S. Shafir, I Shtrichman, I Shkedy, L. Sicron, N. Snapi, N. Yaron, N. SemiCond Devices POB 2250 IL-31021 Haifa Israel Israel Ctr Adv Photon IL-81800 Yavne Israel Soreq NRC Appl Phys Div Solid State Phys Dept IL-81800 Yavne Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781510650916;9781510650909

SCD is a leading manufacturer of MWIR InSb Focal Plane arrays (FPA) with formats up to 3 megapixels. Using photodiode layers grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE), the operating temperature is raised to similar to 100 K, compared with 80 K for our legacy implanted junction technology. Due to the excellent manufacturability of iiI-V MBE materials, we have extended this approach in the development of our newer High Operating Temperature (HOT) MWIR technologies, all of which are based on XBn and XBp barrier devices which suppress the dark current generated by traps in the depletion layer. As a result we now produce a family of InAsSb XBn FPAs operating at 150 K with a cut-off wavelength of lambda(C) = 4.2 mu m Formats range between 0.33 megapixels and 5.24 megapixels and our latest "Crane" FPA has a pitch of just 5 mu m. These detectors are ideal for 24/7 surveillance and long-range applications, due to large formats, increased HOT cooler reliability and very high atmospheric transmission. For applications requiring HOT full MWIR (HFMW) performance (lambda(C) = similar to 4.9 mu m), we have explored three approaches, all of which have produced operating temperatures in the range 115- 125 K with high FPA operability and uniformity. Using a suitable design of buffer layer, we have extended the InAsSb XBn cut-off wavelength while maintaining a high quantum efficiency above 70%. Comparable performance has also been obtained in two lattice matched type ii superlattice (T2SL) architectures: XBn InAs/InAsSb and XBp InAs/GaSb. The three technologies give great flexibility in design optimization, and initial production of HFMW detectors is scheduled for mid 2022.

关键词： XBn XBp MWIR type ii superlattice photodetector

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ARCADIA MAPS process qualification through the electrical characterization of passive pixel arrays

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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2023年第2期18卷 C02045页

作者： Corradino, T. Betta, G. F. Dalla Neubuser, C. Pancheri, L. Univ Trento Dept Ind Engn Via Sommar 9 Trento Italy TIFPA INFN Via Sommar 14 Trento Italy

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Flexible and Efficient Implementation of CRYSTALS-KYBER SIMD RISC-V Coprocessor Based on Customized Vector Instruction-Set Extension 19

Flexible and Efficient Implementation of CRYSTALS-KYBER SIMD...

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19th IEEE Asian solid-state Circuits conference, A-SSCC 2023

作者： Zhang, Jiaming Lu, Jiahao Liu, Dongsheng Li, Aobo Li, Xiang Yang, Shuo Hu, Ang Zou, Xuecheng Huazhong University of Science and Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330038

With the development of quantum computers in recent years, the security of traditional public-key encryption algorithms is facing serious threats, and post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms that can resist quantum computer attacks are urgently needed. CRYSTALS-KYBER as the finalized NIST key-encapsulation scheme, is continuously advancing the standardization process. The existing hardware implementations of Kyber mostly use compact architectures to pursue high speed and high performance with the cost of programmability, while most hardware-software co-designs suffer from low parallelism and performance. Aiming at flexibly and efficiently implementing the key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) of Kyber, this work presents a single instruction multiple data (SIMD) Kyber coprocessor that supports the RISC-V instruction-set. A reconfigurable polynomial and logic unit (PLU) is designed, which can accelerate all types of polynomial vector instruction operations, and a dynamic hardware scheduling strategy is proposed to enable different types of instructions to be executed parallelly, improving the coprocessor pipeline throughput. Implemented on the Ultrascale+ FPGA platform and evaluated under SMIC 40nm technology, the proposed coprocessor achieves the fastest computing speed with the lowest power consumption and 3.5×/6.2× improvement in FPGA/ASIC AT product efficiency. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Femtosecond pulse structuring of multicore fibers for development of advanced fiber lasers and sensors 5th

Femtosecond pulse structuring of multicore fibers for develo...

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5th Asian School-conference on Physics and Technology of Nanostructured Materials, ASCO-Nanomat 2020

作者： Dostovalov, Alexandr V. Wolf, Alexey A. Bronnikov, Kirill A. Skvortsov, Mikhail I. Churin, Alexey E. Babin, Sergey A. Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the SB RAS 1 Acad. Koptyug Ave Novosibirsk630090 Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9783035737936

In this paper we investigate the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) arrays selectively inscribed in a multicore fiber for a different sensor and laser applications. Particularly, wavelength-switchable and tunable fiber laser was realized based on uniform and non-uniform FBGs precisely positioned in the selected cores. A quasi-distributed 3D shape sensor based on FBG array inscribed in a multicore fiber with helically twisted side cores was fabricated and applied for shape reconstruction of papillotome. © 2020 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Fiber lasers

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