The SwissSPAD2/3 camera family is based on quarter megapixel single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) time gated imagers. The 16.38-µm low-noise pixels feature a single-bit memory and built-in all-solid-state nanosec...
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The development of novel Monolithic Active Pixel sensor (MAPS) technologies has been pursued by several collaborations in the last two decades. The ARCADIA project aims to design fully depleted MAPS for medical, space...
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The development of novel Monolithic Active Pixel sensor (MAPS) technologies has been pursued by several collaborations in the last two decades. The ARCADIA project aims to design fully depleted MAPS for medical, space, HEP and X-ray detection applications, that can be produced with a commercial 110 nm CMOS production process. Among the test structures of the first two engineering runs of the project, passive pixel arrays with different pitches and layouts were included. The main characteristics of the produced devices in terms of dark current, depletion voltage, punch through current and pixel capacitance have been evaluated from IV and CV characteristics of the pixel arrays. Groups of four samples have been extracted from as many different positions within each wafer and electrically characterized to obtain information on the variability in the pixel operating voltage range and in the pixel dark current, reflecting variations related to the employed production process. The experimental data demonstrated a good uniformity in the considered parameters for different sample positions within the produced wafers, as well as for samples extracted from different wafers with the same substrate type.
Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology, with the advantages of precise real-time monitoring and strong anti-interference capabilities, has been widely applied in various fields, including aerospace, petrochemica...
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Wearable deep-tissue imaging technologies promise a paradigm shift to preventive, proactive, and accessible health care. Real-time and long-term imaging offers unprecedented insights into one's body conditions, en...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798331541019
ISBN:
(纸本)9798331541026
Wearable deep-tissue imaging technologies promise a paradigm shift to preventive, proactive, and accessible health care. Real-time and long-term imaging offers unprecedented insights into one's body conditions, enabling constant monitoring of high-risk patients (e.g., cardiovascular [1] and musculoskeletal [2]), tracking fetal development [3], and overseeing recovery after surgeries. These devices also make medical imaging more accessible and affordable in low-income countries. Ultrasound and photoacoustic (PA) imaging modalities are well suited for such applications because of their high resolution for imaging deep tissue and fewer safety concerns. Compared to the well-known ultrasound, emerging PA technology [4], [5] employs optical excitation and ultrasonic readout, governed by PA effects, to achieve higher molecular contrast and sensitivity based on the agents' optical absorption properties while offering similar depth and resolution. Thus, this work targets a compact and low-power PA RX with data compression as a key enabler of the envisioned wireless wearable PA imager. It is worth noting that PA and ultrasound RX share similar sensorarrays and readout circuits, except that the amplitude of received PA signals is roughly ten times smaller than that of ultrasound due to an extra stage of energy transduction and light exposure limits. Thus, we discuss and compare ultrasound and PA RX designs together in this paper.
Accurate and real-time sensing of gas molecule species and concentrations is critical for a myriad of applications, including environmental protection, industry automation, public health monitoring, and bio-/chemical-...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798331541019
ISBN:
(纸本)9798331541026
Accurate and real-time sensing of gas molecule species and concentrations is critical for a myriad of applications, including environmental protection, industry automation, public health monitoring, and bio-/chemical-security surveillance. For example, gas sensing in large chemical plants is crucial for safety and production efficiency, with ammonia (NH3) being particularly important due to its extensive use [1]. Electronic noses (e-noses) consist of a chemical sensor array with surface recognition modules for capturing specific or multi-species gas molecules followed by electronic signal acquisition and processing [2]. Despite decades of exploration [3]–[5], the development of e-noses is still in its early stages, and existing e-noses continue to face major challenges as: (1) limited selectivity on target molecules (2) poor sensor regeneration due to slow and incomplete gas desorption process, which can result in sensing memory effect, i.e., affecting low-trace gas detection due to prior exposure to high concentrations, (3) a small number of sensing nodes instead of a large array, also lacking in-pixel signal processing and data digitization [6], [7]. To address these issues, we present a monolithically integrated molecular specific metal-organic-frameworks (MOFs) CMOS e-nose sensor array with in-pixel fast capacitance-gas interfacing, readout, and data digitization with local temperature regulation and sensing. For demonstration, NiNi-Pyz MOFs have been employed to achieve NH3 specificity. In particular, the in-pixel temperature regulation can modulate the thermodynamic of NH 3 adsorption and desorption at the sensor interfaces, significantly improving the sensitivity and allowing rapid sensor regeneration.
With the development of deep learning models, deploying neural networks to resource-limited edge devices has become a trend. However, the high computation requirements and energy consumption of neural network models h...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350361834
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350361841
With the development of deep learning models, deploying neural networks to resource-limited edge devices has become a trend. However, the high computation requirements and energy consumption of neural network models have limited their development. Analog In-Memory Computing (AIMC) features high energy efficiency, providing new opportunities for the edge deployment of neural networks. The system needs to support different types of neural network models in practical applications, and the system-level application is still immature. This paper proposes a heterogeneous system integrating analog in-memory computing and Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The system reserves multiple sensor interfaces for access and preprocessing peripherals, including digital NN accelerators and AIMC, which can effectively execute various layers in neural network models, achieving complete end-to-end neural network inference. Depending on the size and number of FC layers, the system has varying degrees of improvement in inference time and RAM occupation.
SCD is a leading manufacturer of MWIR InSb Focal Plane arrays (FPA) with formats up to 3 megapixels. Using photodiode layers grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE), the operating temperature is raised to similar to 100...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781510650916;9781510650909
SCD is a leading manufacturer of MWIR InSb Focal Plane arrays (FPA) with formats up to 3 megapixels. Using photodiode layers grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE), the operating temperature is raised to similar to 100 K, compared with 80 K for our legacy implanted junction technology. Due to the excellent manufacturability of iiI-V MBE materials, we have extended this approach in the development of our newer High Operating Temperature (HOT) MWIR technologies, all of which are based on XBn and XBp barrier devices which suppress the dark current generated by traps in the depletion layer. As a result we now produce a family of InAsSb XBn FPAs operating at 150 K with a cut-off wavelength of lambda(C) = 4.2 mu m Formats range between 0.33 megapixels and 5.24 megapixels and our latest "Crane" FPA has a pitch of just 5 mu m. These detectors are ideal for 24/7 surveillance and long-range applications, due to large formats, increased HOT cooler reliability and very high atmospheric transmission. For applications requiring HOT full MWIR (HFMW) performance (lambda(C) = similar to 4.9 mu m), we have explored three approaches, all of which have produced operating temperatures in the range 115- 125 K with high FPA operability and uniformity. Using a suitable design of buffer layer, we have extended the InAsSb XBn cut-off wavelength while maintaining a high quantum efficiency above 70%. Comparable performance has also been obtained in two lattice matched type ii superlattice (T2SL) architectures: XBn InAs/InAsSb and XBp InAs/GaSb. The three technologies give great flexibility in design optimization, and initial production of HFMW detectors is scheduled for mid 2022.
The development of novel Monolithic Active Pixel sensor (MAPS) technologies has been pursued by several collaborations in the last two decades. The ARCADIA project aims to design fully depleted MAPS for medical, space...
详细信息
The development of novel Monolithic Active Pixel sensor (MAPS) technologies has been pursued by several collaborations in the last two decades. The ARCADIA project aims to design fully depleted MAPS for medical, space, HEP and X-ray detection applications, that can be produced with a commercial 110 nm CMOS production process. Among the test structures of the first two engineering runs of the project, passive pixel arrays with different pitches and layouts were included. The main characteristics of the produced devices in terms of dark current, depletion voltage, punch through current and pixel capacitance have been evaluated from IV and CV characteristics of the pixel arrays. Groups of four samples have been extracted from as many different positions within each wafer and electrically characterized to obtain information on the variability in the pixel operating voltage range and in the pixel dark current, reflecting variations related to the employed production process. The experimental data demonstrated a good uniformity in the considered parameters for different sample positions within the produced wafers, as well as for samples extracted from different wafers with the same substrate type.
With the development of quantum computers in recent years, the security of traditional public-key encryption algorithms is facing serious threats, and post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms that can resist quantum...
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In this paper we investigate the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) arrays selectively inscribed in a multicore fiber for a different sensor and laser applications. Particularly, wavelength-switchable and tunable fiber laser w...
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