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共 106 条记录，以下是51-60 订阅

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Antenna-coupled microbolometers for multi-spectral infrared imaging

Antenna-coupled microbolometers for multi-spectral infrared ...

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32nd conference on Infrared Technology and applications

作者： Weling, Aniruddha S. Henning, Patrick F. Neikirk, Dean P. Han, Sangwook Foster Miller Inc 195 Bear Hill Rd Waltham MA 02451 USA Univ Texas Austin Dept Elect & Comp Engn Austin TX 78712 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819462624

Although the rapid development of 2-D focal plane arrays of thermal infrared (IR) detectors has led to remarkable progress in uncooled IR imaging technology, a major limitation of these sensors is the lack of true on-chip spectral discrimination. Multi-spectral detection capabilities enable rapid, efficient and multi-dimensional scene interpretation that is especially beneficial to advanced IR imaging systems for early threat warning and target recognition applications. We propose a novel design for a monolithic micromachined array of bolometric detectors capable of multi-spectral imaging in the long-wave IR (7-14 mu m) region. The central ingredient of this approach is to employ planar multi-mode antenna structures to efficiently couple incident electromagnetic radiation to a microbolometeric sensing element that is much smaller than the IR wavelength. The wavelength selectivity of such an antenna-coupled detector can be tuned by optimizing its multiple geometric parameters. We present a planar microbolometer design that can accomplish 3-color LWIR imaging with no moving parts analogous to solid-state color videography in the visible region. The proposed effort targets applications of uncooled color IR imaging where the benefits in space, power, weight and complexity will have a significant impact.

关键词： infrared imaging multi-spectral thermal detector microbolometer array FPA sensor

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Advanced multifunctional detectors for laser-gated imaging applications

Advanced multifunctional detectors for laser-gated imaging a...

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32nd conference on Infrared Technology and applications

作者： Baker, Ian Thorne, Peter Henderson, James Copley, Jeremy Humphreys, David Millar, Alasdair SELEX Sensors & Airborne Syst Infra Red Ltd POB 217 Southampton Hants England SELEX Sensors & Airborne Syst Ltd Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland

ISBN: (纸本)0819462624

The rapid pace of development in the field of long-range imaging is illustrated by two new detector technologies for passive and active imaging. Active systems, using a near-infrared pulse laser and a fast, gated detector, are now adopted for most long range imaging applications. This concept is often called burst-illumination LIDAR or BIL. The SELEX solid state detector is based on two major components: an array of HgCdTe avalanche photodiodes, and a custom-designed CMOS multiplexer to perform the fast gating and photon signal capture. These hybrid arrays produce sensitivities as low as 10 photons rms, due largely to very high, almost noise-free avalanche gain in the HgCdTe diodes. The sensitivity, dynamic range and image quality is now such that the camera performance is usually limited by coherence and scintillation effects in the scene. With this strong sensor capability, it has been possible to launch the next generation of multiplexers to satisfy systems of the future. For instance, most laser-gated imaging systems use a suite of passive infrared and visible cameras to complement the BIL channel. It is highly advantageous to combine these functions into one electro-optic system, leading to a simpler, smaller, lower power and lower cost system. The key technical steps are to find solutions for the difficult multifunctional detector and the dual-wavelength optic. A detector has been developed to image passively in the medium and short wavebands, and actively in BIL mode. The performance of the detector and optic is described. Another major systems enhancement is to be able to generate 3D images, particularly in complex scenes, to further improve background clutter rejection and provide agile, feedback control of the range gating in a dynamic environment. Here the detector senses the range, as well as the laser pulse intensity, on a pixel-by-pixel basis, providing depth context for each laser pulse. A prototype detector has been successfully demonstrated and show

关键词： LADAR LIDAR active imaging HgCdTe avalanche photodiode APD SW 3D imaging

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New infrared sensors for ballistic missile defense

New infrared sensors for ballistic missile defense

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conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices ii

作者： Tidrow, MZ Missile Def Agcy Adv Syst Washington DC 20301 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945706X

The MDA/AS is developing advanced capabilities in the IR sensor area for ballistic missile defense. Infrared sensors play an important role to every layer of ballistic missile defense systems. Current missile defense systems use infrared sensors with material systems such as InSb and HgCdTe. They are sufficient to counter current threat level. However, with the Missile Defense Agency's (MDA) new capability based acquisition, the Advanced Systems (AS) of MDA is pushing the state-of-the-art of infrared technology to a higher level. The new infrared sensors will have the capability to cover a broad range of spectrum, have higher sensitivity, uniformity and operabilities, large format, multicolor, with a much better manufacturability and affordability. Examples are strained layer type-ii superlattices, quantum well infrared photodetectors, HgCdTe on Si, PbSnTe, and other novel concepts. This presentation will discuss what IR sensors are used in current missile defense systems, what is new in technology development, and it's system applications.

关键词： sensors Mercury cadmium telluride Infrared sensors Missiles Quantum well infrared photodetectors Staring arrays Defense and security Silicon Defense systems Quantum efficiency

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development of robust self-assembled microvalves for robust hydraulic actuators

Development of robust self-assembled microvalves for robust ...

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conference on MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their applications ii

作者： Li, B Gerace, S Chen, QF Univ Cent Florida MEMS Orlando FL 32816 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819456918

Compact robust hydraulic actuators are very important for space related applications because of their capability of producing much larger forces per unite volume/mass than existing technologies. The major components of these actuators are PZT stacks (pusher) and microvalves. The PZT pusher works at high frequencies to produce large flow rates (proportional to displacement traveled) and high pressures. As a component of the hydraulic actuator, the microvalves are challenged in matching the requirements of the PZT in terms of high operational frequencies, large flow rates and high-pressure support capabilities. In order to fulfill these requirements, the authors have developed robust self-assembled solid nickel micro valve arrays consisting of 80 single micro check valves, to achieve the required flow rate (> 10 cc/second). A single micro check valve consists of an inlet channel (200 mu m in diameter), a specially designed valve flap held by four identical micro beams, and outlet channels. All these structures are made from electroformed nickel and are self-assembled during a novel in situ UV-LIGA fabrication process. Finite element simulation results show that the micro check valve has a 1(st) resonant frequency of 16 kHz and is able to support pressures greater than 10 MPa. Test results show the flow rate is 19 cc/s at a pressure difference of 100 psi, and is roughly proportional to the pressure applied. Based on Poiseuille's law, it is reasonable to predict larger flow rates if higher-pressure differences are applied.

关键词： microvalve hydraulic actuators large flow rate high pressure high frequency UV-LIGA self-assemble

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High-resolution 3D imaging laser radar flight test experiments

High-resolution 3D imaging laser radar flight test experimen...

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conference on Laser Radar Technology and applications X

作者： Marino, RM Davis, WR Rich, GC McLaughlin, JL Lee, EI Stanley, BM Burnside, JW Rowe, GS Hatch, RE Square, TE Skelly, LJ O'Brien, M Vasile, A Heinrichs, RM MIT Lincoln Lab Lexington MA 02420 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819457760

Situation awareness and accurate Target Identification (TID) are critical requirements for successful battle management. Ground vehicles can be detected, tracked, and in some cases imaged using airborne or space-borne microwave radar. Obscurants such as camouflage net and/or tree canopy foliage can degrade the performance of such radars. Foliage can be penetrated with long wavelength microwave radar, but generally at the expense of imaging resolution. The goals of the DARPA Jigsaw program include the development and demonstration of high-resolution 3-D imaging laser radar (ladar) sensor technology and systems that can be used from airborne platforms to image and identify military ground vehicles that may be hiding under camouflage or foliage such as tree canopy. With DARPA support, MIT Lincoln Laboratory has developed a rugged and compact 3-D imaging ladar system that has successfully demonstrated the feasibility and utility of this application. The sensor system has been integrated into a UH-1 helicopter for winter and summer flight campaigns. The sensor operates day or night and produces high-resolution 3-D spatial images using short laser pulses and a focal plane array of Geiger-mode avalanche photo-diode (APD) detectors with independent digital time-of-flight counting circuits at each pixel. The sensor technology includes Lincoln Laboratory developments of the microchip laser and novel focal plane arrays. The microchip laser is a passively Q-switched solid-state frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser transmitting short laser pulses (300 ps FWHM) at 16 kilohertz pulse rate and at 532 nm wavelength. The single photon detection efficiency has been measured to be > 20% using these 3202 Silicon Geiger-mode APDs at room temperature. The APD saturates while providing a gain of typically > 106. The pulse out of the detector is used to stop a 500 MHz digital clock register integrated within the focal-plane array at each pixel. Using the detector in this binary response mode simp

关键词： sensors LIDAR 3D image processing Camouflage Pulsed laser operation Staring arrays Stereoscopy Imaging systems 3D acquisition Avalanche photodetectors

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All solid state imaging infrared/imaging LADAR sensor system

All solid state imaging infrared/imaging LADAR sensor system

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conference on Optical Sensing

作者： Barenz, J Baumann, R Imkenberg, F Krogmann, D Tholl, HD Bodenseewerk Geraetetech GmbH D-88641 Uberlingen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819453811

A compact dual mode sensor is under development at BGT addressing autonomous guidance, target detection and classification/identification for several military and civilian applications. The dual mode sensor consists of an imaging infrared sensor and an imaging Ladar sensor both in snapshot mode. This paper presents the concept of the dual mode sensor and shows the current development status. Critical components such as a compact laser source, fiber-array for image plane sampling, wavelength selective infrared beam splitter and micro-lens arrays for Ladar field-of-view steering are presented in detail.

关键词： dual mode sensor 3D-Ladar fiber amplifier fiber-array micro-lens array autonomous guidance autonomous target recognition

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High-speed, high-sensitivity, low-noise scientific CMOS image sensors

High-speed, high-sensitivity, low-noise scientific CMOS imag...

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conference on Microelectronics - Design, Technology and Packaging

作者： Kleinfelder, S Univ Calif Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819451673

Image sensors for scientific applications face unusually demanding performance requirements for speed, sensitivity, noise, dynamic range and data throughput. Dynamic proton radiography, for example, requires both extremely high frame rates (multi-MHz) and high dynamic range (similar to80 dB). Electron microscopy, particle physics, nuclear science and astrophysics applications requires high sensitivity and low noise for single-photon/single charged particle efficiency, often in extremely large (>100 M-pixel) arrays with tremendous sustained throughput (>50 G-pixels/s) and radiation-tolerance. This paper covers recent research results that extend standard CMOS image sensor performance in these areas. Signal to noise ratios as high as 90 dB have been achieved using a new, low-overhead, column-level active reset technique. This image sensor achieves output noise levels of similar to45 microvolts, rms, without the use of correlated double sampling. Enhanced sensitivity for single-photon detection has been obtained by using an epitaxial silicon region as a higher cross-section CMOS sensor, with low-capacitance diode or large-area pbotogate charge collection. This development has made possible the use of standard 0.25 micrometer digital CMOS sensor arrays in place of expensive hybrid high-resistivity silicon sensor focal plane arrays plus CMOS readout circuit combinations. High-speed transient image sensors with frame rates as high as 10 M-frames/s, combined with 13-bit resolution, has been achieved using on-focal-plane frame storage. Fabricated in a standard digital 0.35 micrometer digital CMOS technology, the latter device includes a photodetector, a charge-integrating amplifier and an array of 64 sample circuits per pixel. Finally, a 100+ M-frames/s solid-state "streak camera" prototype is discussed which, in conjunction with the possible use of 3-D packaging techniques, may yield a sensor array capable of acquiring images at rates exceeding 10 T-pixels/s.

关键词： high-speed low noise active reset CMOS image sensor streak camera

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New readout integrated circuits for position sensitive solid state detectors

New readout integrated circuits for position sensitive solid...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： T.O. Tumer V.B. Cajipe R.F. Calderwood M. Clajus S. Hayakawa Shi Yin NOVA Research and Development Inc. Riverside CA USA

We have been developing custom multi channel mixed signal readout integrated circuits (ICs) for advanced position sensitive solid-state radiation detector arrays for applications ranging from X-ray astronomy and medical imaging to security and industrial inspection. Readout ICs are an integral part of position-sensitive semiconductor detectors for X-ray, gamma-ray and charged particle imaging. Different detector applications require custom IC, which is typically designed for a specific detector array. Therefore, it is important to develop generic ICs to meet a range of applications in different complementing fields. To achieve this aim NOVA has been developing generic ICs for different fields of applications, which embodies versatile and adaptable functions as well as selectable features. An overview of generic ICs developed at NOVA is presented here. Each chip described targets a complementing application field with versatile functions and features.

关键词： solid state circuits Position sensitive particle detectors Application specific integrated circuits sensor arrays X-ray imaging Radiation detector circuits Astronomy Biomedical imaging Security Inspection

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Integrated readout electronics: enabling advanced applications of position-sensitive solid-state radiation detectors

Integrated readout electronics: enabling advanced applicatio...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： V.B. Cajipe R.F. Calderwood M. Clajus S. Hayakawa T.O. Tumer Shi Yin NOVA Research and Development Inc. Riverside CA USA

As applications of advanced solid-state radiation detector arrays proliferate across disciplines ranging from X-ray astronomy and medical imaging to security and industrial inspection, the relative scarcity of low-noise, multi-channel integrated circuits (ICs) needed to read out these arrays has become increasingly apparent. In fact, readout ICs are now regarded to be an integral part of position-sensitive semiconductor detectors for X-ray and gamma-ray imaging. Because the requirements of various detector applications tend to be diverse, a custom IC is typically designed for a specific detector array. This often lengthens the time and raises the cost of system development. To help close the readout technology gap and facilitate advances in this field, NOVA has been formulating strategies for instrumenting different detectors of a given application category with the same "generic" IC which embodies common functions as well as selectable features. A brief overview of possible approaches to such generic ICs will be given. Within this context, accomplishments and ongoing efforts at NOVA in developing front-end ICs for various detector architectures and signal-processing scenarios will be described. We will especially consider the case of ICs used in conjunction with position-sensitive CZT detectors, implemented in traditional soldered lead or flip-chip connection geometries, to perform spectroscopic, energy-binning or current-mode type measurements

关键词： Readout electronics solid state circuits Radiation detectors sensor arrays Application specific integrated circuits X-ray imaging Position sensitive particle detectors Radiation detector circuits Astronomy Biomedical imaging

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A colour 3200fps high-speed CMOS imager for endoscopy in bio-medical applications

A colour 3200fps high-speed CMOS imager for endoscopy in bio...

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European conference on solid-state Circuits (ESSCIRC)

作者： F. Lustenberger M. Lehmann L. Cavalier N. Blanc W. Heppner J. Ernst S. Gick H. Bloss Photonics Division CSEM SA Zürich Switzerland Fraunhofer USB Erlangen Germany Fraunhofer IIS Erlangen Germany

A high-speed, high-sensitivity sensor was developed in a standard 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS mixed-signal technology for the use in endoscopes. The full frame rate in excess of 3200 frames per second enables the imaging of transient events in biomedical samples. The sensor is organized as a 512/spl times/192 pixel array with additional RGB dye filters. Data are transferred from the sensor on either 4 or 8 analogue signal taps. The imager reaches a sensitivity of 130 V//spl mu/***/sup -2/ at a wavelength of 470 nm with a dynamic range of 62 dB and 50.2 dB in linear mode and charge-skimming mode, respectively. The FPN, PRNU and temporal noise were measured to be at 0.7%, 1.1% and 0.08% of the full-scale output range of the sensor. This excellent performance is exploited in the analysis of high-speed transient phenomena of human vocal cords.

关键词： Endoscopes Biosensors sensor arrays CMOS image sensors CMOS technology Transient analysis Standards development Biomedical imaging Filters Dynamic range

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