An inexpensive measurement system for characterizing digital still cameras is described. The method adopted involves performing mathematical analyses directly on the images of test charts obtained from the DSC. These ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424307
An inexpensive measurement system for characterizing digital still cameras is described. The method adopted involves performing mathematical analyses directly on the images of test charts obtained from the DSC. These charts comprise of squarewave patterns with selected spatial frequencies, the phases of which with respect to the ccdsensors cover most or all of the phase domain. By working on the final images generated by DSCs, we can include the effects of the digital signal processing on the performance of the DSC. Slightly rotated optical patterns of squarewaves with different spatial frequencies were projected on the ccd to determine the phase-dependent CTF. These phase-dependent data were then statistically analyzed to obtain average CTF values that better describe the characteristics of the DSC. The low cost system developed in our laboratory is very suitable for evaluating and designing digital signal pro ces sing algorithms when developing digital still cameras.
First imaging results are obtained with a new ccd mosaic prototype (3K x 3k, 15 mu m pixels). The ccds are aligned using an etched socket alignment technique. Three different measurements of the alignment are made usi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424307
First imaging results are obtained with a new ccd mosaic prototype (3K x 3k, 15 mu m pixels). The ccds are aligned using an etched socket alignment technique. Three different measurements of the alignment are made using star images, test pattern images, and microscope analysis. The ccds have an angular misalignement of less than 30 ppm. The composite device is flat to within +/-3 mu m, with rows/columns oriented to within 20 ppm. The use of an existing technology with built in precision reduces many of the difficulties and expenses typically encountered with mosaic detector construction, A new camera being built for the UBC liquid mirror telescope is also described.
DALSA's new CA-D4-1024 camera is the state-of-the-art in high-resolution, high speed, high fidelity, ccd area array image capture camera technology. Its features marry the best of both high frame rate cameras and ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424307
DALSA's new CA-D4-1024 camera is the state-of-the-art in high-resolution, high speed, high fidelity, ccd area array image capture camera technology. Its features marry the best of both high frame rate cameras and slow-scan scientific cameras. These include ultra-low dark current at room temperature operation, low noise, high signal capacity, high fill-factor, electronic shuttering, low smear, anti-blooming, 1K*1K resolution, progressive scan, user controlled frame rates up to 40 f.p.s., in-camera digitization, compact camera size, low camera power dissipation, and both 8 and 12 bit video digitization options.
An 800k-pixel Active Pixel device has been developed for use in a Digital Still Camera application. A mode of operation has been developed to cancel the problems of Fixed Patterned Noise (FPN) and dark current inheren...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424307
An 800k-pixel Active Pixel device has been developed for use in a Digital Still Camera application. A mode of operation has been developed to cancel the problems of Fixed Patterned Noise (FPN) and dark current inherent to this type of CMOS imaging array. A time multiplexed read-out mechanism allows the device to operate at 5 Mpix/s and still settle to within 0.1%. The device, with a full well of approximately 100K electrons, is capable of delivering a S/N of 66dB, and a sensitivity of approximately 50mV/lux at 50mS exposure. The sensor is covered with a color mosaic to allow an accurate recovery of a color image. This sensor makes new in-roads for CMOS imaging into areas traditionally occupied by ccd's.
This paper presents the ccd Transfer concept, a characterization technique that has been successfully employed by the scientific ccd community for over two decades. The method has been shown to be an indispensable too...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424307
This paper presents the ccd Transfer concept, a characterization technique that has been successfully employed by the scientific ccd community for over two decades. The method has been shown to be an indispensable tool in characterizing, optimizing and calibrating ccds and high performance digital camera systems in absolute terms. We introduce the ccd Transfer technique, in its entirety, by presenting a complete set of transfer curves and support equations. Commercial digital camera groups, currently changing from relative to absolute performance standards, will find the ccd Transfer approach beneficial.
The design of scientific image sensors has not progressed as rapidly as developments in the technology could have permitted. This has been a consequence of an incorrect perception by manufacturers that the scientific ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424307
The design of scientific image sensors has not progressed as rapidly as developments in the technology could have permitted. This has been a consequence of an incorrect perception by manufacturers that the scientific market was insufficiently large to justify the required investment which, in turn, has lead to the use by many scientific customers of 'do-it-yourself design and foundry solutions to their imaging needs. This paper will introduce the basic features of the new generation image sensor and will describe the design of these devices.
The sensitivity of a solidstate detector array varies as a result of changes in transmission, diffusion effects and scattering. This variation will occur on a scale length less than that of a single pixel and its kno...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424307
The sensitivity of a solidstate detector array varies as a result of changes in transmission, diffusion effects and scattering. This variation will occur on a scale length less than that of a single pixel and its knowledge is of importance for improved device design and in applications such as event centroiding in photon counting systems. This paper reports on a measurement of sensitivity variation on a sub-pixel scale for a two-phase front-illuminated ccd. The measurement was made using a scanning reflection microscope. Variation in sensitivity between the phases within a pixel and on much smaller spatial scale are clearly observed as well as crosstalk.
We present the results of a development of a photon counting intensified ccd (Iccd) where single MCP events due to photon or particle detections are centroided to ccd subpixel accuracy. In this mode, we have been able...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424307
We present the results of a development of a photon counting intensified ccd (Iccd) where single MCP events due to photon or particle detections are centroided to ccd subpixel accuracy. In this mode, we have been able to resolve individual MCP 6 micron pores indicating the ultimate resolution of this device is limited by the microchannel pore spacing and not the readout technique. Using an EEV camera with a 512x512 ccd and a frame rate of 60 Hz (EEV Cam 37), we achieve a global counting rate of 50,000 cts. per sec. The key to achieving rates this high for a 3 x 3 centroiding system is the identification of the pixel address of the event location in hardware using a dedicated convolution DSP and comparators which pass only valid events for the centroid calculation to downstream processors. We will also discuss the centroiding algorithm development and optimization and the corrections that must be applied for quantized and truncated sampling of the event charge distribution. At very high event rates the device may also be operated in analog mode with resolution (similar to 30 lp/mm).
This paper will describe in some detail two new large area ccd image sensors designed specifically to be used either as a single imager or assembled in mosaics of ccds. The devices have 2048x4096, 15 mu m pixels;the d...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424307
This paper will describe in some detail two new large area ccd image sensors designed specifically to be used either as a single imager or assembled in mosaics of ccds. The devices have 2048x4096, 15 mu m pixels;the difference being the orientation of the serial register. Performance data are presented on both front- and back-illuminated parts. In addition, a new production camera test system will also be described which is being used to screen test the Advanced Camera ccds for the Wide Field and High Resolution Channels.
A 30 Frame/s 2/3 inch 1.3 M pixel progressive scan interline-transfer charge coupled device (IT-ccd) image sensor employs optimized well for the horizontal ccd (H-ccd) and a wide band-with amplifier for 49 MHz operati...
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A 30 Frame/s 2/3 inch 1.3 M pixel progressive scan interline-transfer charge coupled device (IT-ccd) image sensor employs optimized well for the horizontal ccd (H-ccd) and a wide band-with amplifier for 49 MHz operation. Operations such as 1050 line progressive mode and 1049 line wide dynamic range interlaced mode are made possible by an 8-phase drive for vertical ccds (V-ccds). A narrow-channel barrier overflow drain (NCB-OFD) automatically drains extra charge when used for still cameras and does not require an overflow control gate or additional masks.
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