Progress in CMOS-based image sensors is creating opportunities for a low-cost, low-power one-chip video camera with digitizing, signal processing and image compression. Such a smart camera head acquires compressed dig...
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Progress in CMOS-based image sensors is creating opportunities for a low-cost, low-power one-chip video camera with digitizing, signal processing and image compression. Such a smart camera head acquires compressed digital moving pictures directly into portable multimedia computers. Video encoders using a moving picture coding standard such as MPEG and H.26x are not always suitable for integration of image encoding on the image sensor, because of the complexity and the power dissipation. On-sensor image compression such as a ccd image sensor for lossless image compression and a CMOS image sensor with pixel-level interframe coding are reported. A one-chip digital camera with on-sensor video compression is shown in the block diagram. The chip contains a 128/spl times/128-pixel sensor, 8-channel parallel read-out circuits, an analog 2-dimensional discrete cosine transform (2D DCT) processor and a variable quantization-level ADC (ADC/Q).
We report the development of a CdZnTe gamma ray imager whose advantages over the conventional Anger camera include: 1) improved contrast and spatial resolution resulting from superior energy resolution and unambiguous...
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We report the development of a CdZnTe gamma ray imager whose advantages over the conventional Anger camera include: 1) improved contrast and spatial resolution resulting from superior energy resolution and unambiguous position determination and 2) the small size and weight and high reliability inherent in an all-solid-state construction. It provides high energy resolution and peak efficiency by incorporating Digirad's new SpectrumPlus/sup TM/ detector technology. The new imager employs a modular design, in which each 1"/spl times/1" module incorporates a monolithic 64-element CdZnTe detector array and ASIC-based circuitry that provides signal conditioning for every channel, identification of valid events and addressing functions. Imagers with a wide range of sizes and shapes can be assembled by timing modules together on a specially designed signal routing board.
The proceedings contains 38 papers. Following topics are discussed: solidstatesensorarrays development and applications;new devices;new technology;cameras and systems;cameras for digital photography;and cameras for...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081942028X
The proceedings contains 38 papers. Following topics are discussed: solidstatesensorarrays development and applications;new devices;new technology;cameras and systems;cameras for digital photography;and cameras for scientific imaging. Some of the specific papers discussed are: scientific CMOS CID imagers;wide-dynamic-range APS star tracker;megapixel resolution PC digital still camera;and ultraviolet digital imaging for nuclear safeguards.
Key progress in the development of non-TV format ccdcameras has been made in high- speed scanning rate applications. VGA format has become an industrial standard for fast speed machine vision applications. While it i...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081942028X
Key progress in the development of non-TV format ccdcameras has been made in high- speed scanning rate applications. VGA format has become an industrial standard for fast speed machine vision applications. While it is important to operate a camera in high speed applications with asynchronous reset, electronic shutter, or variable integration functions in order to capture dynamic motion, conventional strobe light applications are also still important. A combinatorial-scan ccd provides VGA and high speed scanning as well as frame mode interlace scanning for such applications. The main issues of this study are: (1) the structure of combinatorial-scan ccd's, (2) a fast dump structure to operate partial scan functions and asynchronous read-out control, (3) normal interlace operation with frame mode for strobe light applications, and (4) digital processing for dual channel or special functions to achieve fast frame mode. The first model was developed for the VGA format with a single- channel ccd output requiring scanning twice that of a normal ccd. The second model studies the combination of progressive and interlace scan functions. The third model has built- in digital processing and frame memory to capture the dual channel outputs of the ccd and scan-convert to various formats.
Power lasers are more and more used in aerospace industry or automobile industry; their widespread use through different processes such as: welding, drilling or coating, in order to perform some surface treatments of ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081942028X
Power lasers are more and more used in aerospace industry or automobile industry; their widespread use through different processes such as: welding, drilling or coating, in order to perform some surface treatments of material, requires a better understanding. In order to control the quality of the process, many technics have been developed, but most of them are based on a post-mortem analysis of the samples, and/or require an important financial investment. Welding, coating or other material treatments involving material transformations are often controlled with a metallurgical analysis. We here propose a new method, a new approach of the phenomena, we control the industrial process during the application. For this, we use information provided by two ccdcameras. One supplies information related to the intensity, and geometry of the melted surface, the second about the shape of the powder distribution within the laser beam. We use data provided by post-mortem metallurgical analysis and correlate those informations with parameters measured by both ccd, we create a datas bank which represents the relation between the measured parameters and the quality of the coating. Both informations, provided by the 2 ccdcameras allows us to optimize the industrial process. We are actually working on the real time aspect of the application and expect an implementation of the system.
A novel CMOS active pixel sensor structure has been designed, fabricated and characterized. It greatly increases the working range for all imaging applications in which the optical signal information to be detected is...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081942028X
A novel CMOS active pixel sensor structure has been designed, fabricated and characterized. It greatly increases the working range for all imaging applications in which the optical signal information to be detected is superimposed on a large DC offset signal. This is achieved by subtracting an offset current at each pixel's photosite. The offset current can be programmed individually by an external programming voltage. Experimental results from a single pixel test-cell fabricated on a standard 2 (mu) CMOS-process show a programmable offset signal range of > 150 dB with a dynamic range of > 60 dB of the photo detector itself. To achieve a similar performance using conventional imaging techniques would require an imager with a dynamic range of > 150 dB.
Previously realized circuits for solidstate light sensitive arrays fabricated in thin-film technology show a comparatively small dynamic range. A wide dynamic range as well as a large sensitivity of the output signal...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081942028X
Previously realized circuits for solidstate light sensitive arrays fabricated in thin-film technology show a comparatively small dynamic range. A wide dynamic range as well as a large sensitivity of the output signal to the change of the input signal (irradiance) is required. A circuit which satisfies these requirements is described. The circuit consists of two thin-film transistors (TFTs), a photoconductor, and a fixed resistor. The photoconductor is used to detect the incoming light whereas the first TFT generates the logarithm of the photocurrent in form of a voltage. The second TFT and the fixed resistor invert the signal of the first stage and determine the slope of the output signal. The sensor's characteristic can be shifted over a wide dynamic range by using an appropriate control voltage. The circuit is simulated by SPICE, employing a special model for the TFTs. The sensor's characteristics show a large dynamic range of 4 decades when shifted by means of the control voltage. At the same time it exhibits a high sensitivity of 1.8 V/W/m2 due to the steep slope of its characteristics. This circuit was then built in a-Si:H thin-film technology. The measured characteristics match very well the simulations.
Correlated Double Sampling (CDS) ccd-video signal processing circuits and their application dependent timing. One application is for hollow needle biopsy, a second application is for an instrumentation camera. The las...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081942028X
Correlated Double Sampling (CDS) ccd-video signal processing circuits and their application dependent timing. One application is for hollow needle biopsy, a second application is for an instrumentation camera. The last application discussed is for a time delay integrated six ccdsensor large field camera, suing digital CDS.
At the University of Hawaii, Institute for Astronomy, we are carrying out several activities to develop ccds for astronomical observation. In this paper, we report the test results of devices from three ccd manufactur...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081942028X
At the University of Hawaii, Institute for Astronomy, we are carrying out several activities to develop ccds for astronomical observation. In this paper, we report the test results of devices from three ccd manufacturers: Loral, Hamamatsu Photonics and MIT/Lincoln Laboratory.
This paper will describe in some detail a new large area ccd image sensor designed specifically to be used either as a single imager or assembled in large, tightly configured mosaics of ccds. The device has 2048 ×...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081942028X
This paper will describe in some detail a new large area ccd image sensor designed specifically to be used either as a single imager or assembled in large, tightly configured mosaics of ccds. The device has 2048 × 4096, 15 μm pixels. Performance data are presented on both front- and back-illuminated parts.
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