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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Solid State Sensor Arrays and CCD Cameras"

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High-performance dual-speed ccd camera system for scientific imaging

High-performance dual-speed CCD camera system for scientific...

引用

solid state sensor arrays and ccd cameras

作者： Simpson, Raymond W. Princeton Instruments Inc. Trenton NJ USA

ISBN: (纸本)081942028X

Traditionally, scientific camera systems were partitioned with a `camera head' containing the ccd and its support circuitry and a camera controller, which provided analog to digital conversion, timing, control, computer interfacing, and power. A new, unitized high performance scientific ccd camera with dual speed readout at 1 × 106 or 5 × 106 pixels per second, 12 bit digital gray scale, high performance thermoelectric cooling, and built in composite video output is described. This camera provides all digital, analog, and cooling functions in a single compact unit. The new system incorporates the A/C converter, timing, control and computer interfacing in the camera, with the power supply remaining a separate remote unit. A 100 Mbyte/second serial link transfers data over copper or fiber media to a variety of host computers, including Sun, SGI, SCSI, PCI, EISA, and Apple Macintosh. Having all the digital and analog functions in the camera made it possible to modify this system for the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for use on a remote controlled submersible vehicle. The oceanographic version achieves 16 bit dynamic range at 1.5 × 105 pixels/second, can be operated at depths of 3 kilometers, and transfers data to the surface via a real time fiber optic link.

关键词： cameras

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New design for the UCO/Lick Observatory ccd guide camera

New design for the UCO/Lick Observatory CCD guide camera

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solid state sensor arrays and ccd cameras

作者： Wei, Mingzhi Stover, Richard J. UCO/Lick Observatory Santa Cruz CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)081942028X

A new ccd based field acquisition and telescope guiding camera is being designed and built at UCO/Lick Observatory. Our goal is a camera which is fully computer controllable, compact in size, versatile enough to provide a wide variety of image acquisition modes, and able to operate with a wide variety of ccd detectors. The camera will improve our remote-observing capabilities since it will be easy to control the camera and obtain images over the Observatory computer network. To achieve the desired level of operating flexibility, the design incorporates state-of-the-art technologies such as high density, high speed programmable logic devices and non-volatile static memory. Various types of ccds can be used in this system without major modification of the hardware or software. Though fully computer controllable, the camera can be operated as a stand-alone unit with most operating parameters set locally. A stand-alone display subsystem is also available. A thermoelectric device is used to cool the ccd to about -45c. Integration times can be varied over a range of 0.1 to 1000 seconds. High speed pixel skipping in both horizontal and vertical directions allows us to quickly access a selected subarea of the detector. Three different read out speeds allow the astronomer to select between high-speed/high-noise and low-speed/low-noise operation. On- chip pixel binning and MPP operation are also selectable options. This system can provide automatic sky level measurement and subtraction to accommodate dynamically changing background levels.

关键词： cameras

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sensor for optical flow measurement based on differencing in space and time

Sensor for optical flow measurement based on differencing in...

引用

solid state sensor arrays and ccd cameras

作者： Meynants, Guy Dierickx, Bart Scheffer, Danny Krymski, Alexander I. Interuniv. Microelectronics Cent. Leuven Belg

ISBN: (纸本)081942028X

Two CMOS image sensor concepts, developed for motion extraction, are proposed. The algorithm implemented in each pixel is either: the calculation of the temporal variation of the difference of the logarithm of intensity in two adjacent pixels;or a more general implementation of the spatial and temporal filtering over the local neighborhood. Temporal differencing yields peak in the response of pixels with changing intensity. The spatial differencing provides high-pass filtering and invariance to time-varying external lighting. We also compare two ways to use this sensor module to compute the velocity of edges moving along the sensor. In one implementation, the sensor is used as an input for a correlation algorithm, calculating the optical flow vector. The other possibility is to detect motion locally in each pixel, and measuring the time of switching between adjacent pixels which detect the motion.

关键词： Optical sensors

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INT prime focus mosaic camera

INT prime focus mosaic camera

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solid state sensor arrays and ccd cameras

作者： Ives, Derek J. Tulloch, Simon Churchill, John Royal Greenwich Observatory Cambridge UK

ISBN: (纸本)081942028X

The INT Prime Focus Mosaic Camera (INT PFC) is designed to provide a large field survey and supernovae search capability for the prime focus of the 2.5 m Isaac Newton Telescope (INT). It is a joint collaboration between the Royal Greenwich Observatory (UK), Kapteyn Sterrenwacht Werkgroep (Netherlands), and the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories (USA). The INT PFC consists of a 4 chip mosaic utilizing thinned and anti-reflection coated ccds. These are LORAL devices of the LICK3 design. They will be operated cryogenically in a purpose built camera assembly. A fifth ccd, of the same type, is co-mounted with the science array in the cryostat to provide autoguider functions. This cryostat then mounts to the main camera assembly at the prime focus. This assembly will include standard filters and a novel shutter wheel which has been specifically designed for this application. The camera will have an unvignetted field of 40 arcminutes and a focal ratio of f/3.3. This results in a very tight mechanical specification for co-planarity and flatness of the array of ccds and also quite stringent flexure tolerance of the camera assembly. A method of characterizing the co- planarity and flatness of the array will be described. The overall system architecture will also be described. One of the main requirements is to read the whole array out within 100s, with less than 10e rms. noise and very low ccd cross talk.

关键词： cameras

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X-ray solid state image device on the base of Me- a-As2Se3-Si structures

X-ray solid state image device on the base of Me- a-As2Se3-S...

引用

solid state sensor arrays and ccd cameras

作者： Malkov, Sergei A. Andriesh, A.M. Verlan, Victor I. Inst. of Applied Physics Kishinev Moldova

ISBN: (纸本)081942028X

The As2Se3-SiO2-Si structure with As2Se3 for writing and Si for readout has been suggested for X-ray image application. In this structure the recording have been carried out under simultaneous projection of an X-ray pattern on the top semitransparent contact and application of the external voltage, but the erasing - under illumination of light from the range of the As2Se3 fundamental absorption and application of the opposite polarity external voltage. The charging kinetics was revealed to be described by exponential law with saturation. It was found that the charge is accumulated at the deep traps disposed at the As2Se3-SiO2 interface. This structure make it possible to work in the integration small signal regime but the space separation of recording and readout layers provides undestroing repetitional readout of image. It was established that the dark relaxation of accumulated charge takes place due to the thermo-field emission of holes from traps according to Pool-Frenkel law.

关键词： solid state devices

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Ultraviolet digital imaging for nuclear safeguards

Ultraviolet digital imaging for nuclear safeguards

引用

solid state sensor arrays and ccd cameras

作者： Attas, E.Michael Burton, G.R. Chen, J.Dennis Hildingsson, Lars Nilsson, A. Trepte, O. Young, Gary J. Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. Pinawa MB Can

ISBN: (纸本)081942028X

An ultraviolet-sensitive scientific ccd camera has been tested at a power reactor facility to image the faint Cerenkov light from irradiated nuclear fuel. The instrument mates custom optical components (lens, UV-pass filter) to a commercial scientific camera (Astrocam 4100) with a coated frame-transfer ccd chip (EEV 37-10) to produce 12-bit images of 512 × 512 pixels at a near-real-time frame rate. A 250-mm f/2.6 catadioptric lens has been designed with transmissive optics optimized for this application, incorporating color correction for viewing through 10 m of water. The filter has an average transmission of 80% from 280 to 320 nm, with visible-light transmission of less than 0.01% to block artificial lighting in the fuel bay. Measurements were made with this instrument at the Ringhals Nuclear Power Plant, Varobacka, Sweden. Both fuel and non-fuel assemblies of boiling-water reactor type were studied. Performance is superior to that of the earlier Cerenkov viewing devices based on image intensifier tubes. Increased sensitivity extends the range of the Cerenkov verification technique to fuel with older discharge dates. Increased resolution allows fine details of the fuel to be examined for higher-confidence safeguards verification. Sample digital images are presented, and the advantages to irradiated-fuel verification of image quantitation, storage, transmission, and processing are discussed.

关键词： Video cameras

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2k x 2k three side buttable thinned ccd for VLT

2k x 2k three side buttable thinned CCD for VLT

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solid state sensor arrays and ccd cameras

作者： Gaillard, Christophe Prost, Roger Degoue, Pierre Thomson-CSF St. Egreve Cedex Fr

ISBN: (纸本)081942028X

A large format backside illuminated ccd has been developed by THOMSON TCS. This thinned ccd is mainly dedicated to scientific imaging field where high sensitivity and low noise operation are required. This product was designed specifically for the Very Large Telescope optical instruments needs, and supported by ESO organization. The imaging area is a 2 k × 2 k 15 μm square pixel array, with 100% optical aperture, arranged in a full frame organization. Charge transfer operates in the four phase mode, and thus provide large handling capability in MPP mode. This device offers two low noise output ports that reach typically 4 e- rms noise in slow scan operation (at 50 kHz typical data rate) at -40°C. Thanks to THOMSON 1.5 μm technology, and to its wafer thinning technology, this device features a very high quantum efficiency over a wide spectrum range (typically 80% peak quantum efficiency). Its specific thinning and assembly processes make it suitable for construction of 2 × N ccd mosaic (three sides are buttable), with less than 400 μm dead gap between sensitive areas and good flatness performance (typically 15 μm peak to peak is achieved). Electro-optical characterization results are described in this paper as well as the specific assembly process and butting technique.

关键词： Charge coupled devices

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Cost effective segmented scintillating converters for hard X-rays.

Cost effective segmented scintillating converters for hard X...

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conference on Hard X-Ray/Gamma-Ray and Neutron Optics, sensors, and Applications

作者： Vasile, S Gordon, JS Klugerman, M Nagarkar, V Squillante, MR Entine, G Watson, S Kauppila, TJ RADIAT MONITORING DEVICES INC WATERTOWNMA 02172

ISBN: (纸本)0819422479

Thick segmented scintillating converters coupled to optical imaging detectors offer the advantage of large area, high stopping power sensors for high energy x-ray digital imaging. The recent advent of high resolution and solid state optical sensors such as amorphous silicon arrays and ccd optical imaging detectors makes it feasible to build large, cost effective imaging arrays. This technology, however, shifts the sensor cost burden to the segmented scintillators needed for imaging. The required labor intensive fabrication of high resolution, large area hard x- ray converters results in high cost and questionable manufacturability on a large scale. We report on recent research of a new segmented x-ray imaging converter. This converter is fabricated using vacuum injection and crystal growth methods to induce defect free, high density scintillating fibers into a collimator matrix. This method has the potential to fabricate large area, thick segmented scintillators. Spatial resolution calculations of these scintillator injected collimators show that the optical light spreading is significantly reduced compared to single crystalline scintillators and sub-millimeter resolution x- ray images acquired with the segmented converter coupled to a cooled ccd camera provided the resolution to characterize the converter efficiency and noise. The proposed concept overcomes the above mentioned limitations by producing a cost-effective technique of fabricating large area x-ray scintillator converters with high stopping power and high spatial resolution. This technology will readily benefit diverse fields such as particle physics, astronomy, medicine, as well as industrial nuclear and non-destructive testing.

关键词： hard X-ray imaging large area segmented scintillator cesium iodide ccd

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Wide-field ccd imager for the 6.5-m MMT telescope

Wide-field CCD imager for the 6.5-m MMT telescope

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solid state sensor arrays and ccd cameras

作者： McLeod, Brian A. Fabricant, Daniel G. Geary, John C. Szentgyorgyi, Andrew H. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Cambridge MA USA

ISBN: (纸本)081942028X

The conversion of the Multiple Mirror Telescope from six 1.8 m primary mirrors to a single 6.5 m primary will significantly increase its capability for imaging. The f/5 configuration will provide a corrected field of view for imaging that is flat and 30 arcminutes in diameter. The image quality in the absence of atmospheric seeing is 0'.1 over the full field. We are currently designing a camera system to take advantage of this large field. The proposed direct imaging system will be located at the Cassegrain focus of the telescope, behind a three-element refractive corrector. We will use an array of 8 × 4 three-edge-buttable ccds, each with 2048 × 4096 pixels and two output amplifiers. This will provide a field of view of 24' × 24'. With a new packaging scheme we will reduce the gap along the readout edge to a few millimeters. The pixel size is 15 microns, or 0'.09, well sampling the point-spread- function. In many applications it will be possible to bin the pixels, thus reducing the amount of data (500 Mb per read at full resolution). The back-illuminated ccds will be thinned and anti- reflection coated to provide high quantum efficiency from 320 to 1000 nm. The camera system will be useful for many studies requiring both a large collecting area and large area coverage on the sky. Planned projects include redshift and photometric surveys of faint galaxies, searches for high-redshift quasars and searches for objects in the outer solar system.

关键词： Charge coupled devices

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Improved color filter process for ccd and CMOS imagers

Improved color filter process for CCD and CMOS imagers

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7th Annual IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing conference and Workshop (ASMC 96) - Innovative Approaches to Growth in the Semiconductor Industry

作者： Miller, H Polaroid Corp Cambridge United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780333721

Several different methods exist for converting monochromatic, solid-state imagers into color. One of the first techniques was to rotate a color filter wheel in front of the sensor for each exposure.(1) More recently, high-definition cameras align three different sensors and separate the color signals using dichroic litters mounted on a prism. Yet another method, known as ''on-chip'' color filters, applies a pattern of colored elements directly to the surfaces of the sensor. This type of filter is commonly produced by depositing successive layers and transferring a dye through a patterned photoresist. At Polaroid Corporation, color tilters are produced in a unique. single-step photolithographic process by incorporating a dye directly into the resist prior to coating. The patterned photoresist and dye combination is then baked to stabilize the filter element against the next coating of colored photoresist. These color filters can often be sensitive to the high temperature bakes as well as other heat treatments found in the packaging process. Often the resist will reflow and discolor, thus reducing the resolution, sensitivity and production yield of the device. We are proposing a solution for eliminating or reducing the hard bakes between colors by treating the filter elements with a silylating compound capable of cross-linking the photoresist by incorporating silicon into the polymeric chain. This process eliminates three baking steps and reduces the risk of reflowing and yellowing the resist as well as degrading the dye. Furthermore, the filters are sufficiently stabilized by silylation such that they call survive tile high temperatures required for producing microlenses and completing the packaging process. A preferred silylation compound is hexamethylcyclotrisilazane (HMCTS). This same silylation compound can also be used to promote adhesion of the dyed photoresist layers and to replace a separate treatment by other commonly used silylation compounds such as hexame

关键词： image sensor charge coupled device CMOS silylation HMDS microlens

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